Epithelial modulation of allergen and drug effects in guinea pig airways

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1953-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Grundstrom ◽  
E. G. Lindstrom ◽  
K. L. Axelsson ◽  
R. G. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histamine Release ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Egg Albumin

The effect of egg albumin (EA) challenge on tracheal tube preparations from sensitized guinea pigs was studied with regard to EA permeability, histamine release and penetrability, and the contractile response of the preparation. We used a plethysmographic method that allowed simultaneous measurement of changes in smooth muscle tension and collection of samples for determination of mediators. Our results clearly show that epithelial damage potentiates the contractile response to histamine, potassium ions, and acetylcholine. Epithelial damage did not alter the maximal contractile response in preparations challenged with high antigen concentrations (EA, 1 mg/ml), but histamine release measured in the perfusate increased substantially. The permeability of the preparations to EA was greater when the epithelium was damaged. No increase in the permeability in response to the EA challenge was observed. The present study has demonstrated that guinea pig airway epithelium constitutes a barrier for both antigen and drugs. We also present a method for recording contractile responses from intact whole tracheal preparations, in which the epithelium can still act as a barrier, as is the case in vivo.

Antigen-induced histamine release by penetration of egg albumin antigen through excised guinea pig skin

1981 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
I. Kimura ◽  
T. Numata ◽  
T. Yamura
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histamine Release ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Pig Skin

Effect of sodium concentration and of atropine on the contractile response of the guinea-pig ileum to potassium ions

1982 ◽  
Vol 394 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma I. Shimuta ◽  
Viviane L. A. Nouailhetas ◽  
Valderez B. Valero ◽  
Antonio C. M. Paiva ◽  
Therezinha B. Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum

scholarly journals Selective inhibition by antiflamrnin-2 of thromboxane B2release from isolated and perfused guinea-pig lung

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Lidia Sautebin ◽  
Giuseppe Cirino ◽  
Massimo Di Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histamine Release ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
A 23187 ◽  
Normal Lungs

Antiflammin-2 (AF2) is a nonapeptide corresponding to the amino acid residues 246–254 of lipocortin-1 showing anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of AF2 on the thromboxane B2(TXB2) and histamine release from isolated and perfused guinea-pig lungs has been studied. AF-2 (10–100 nM) inhibited leukotriene C4- (LTC4) (3 ng) and antigen-induced (ovalbumin, 1 mg) TXB2release in normal and sensitized lungs, respectively. In contrast AF-2 (100 nM) did not modify TXB2release induced by histamine (5 μg) or bradykinin (5 μg) in normal lungs. Antigen-induced histamine release was not affected by 100 nM AF-2 infusion. When tested in chopped lung fragments AF-2 (0.1–25 μM) did not modify the release of histamine and TXB2induced by antigen (ovalbumin, 10 μg ml−1) or calcium ionophore A 23187 (1 μM). Our results show that the inhibitory effect of AF-2 on TXB2release is selective and depends on the stimulus applied. In this respect AF-2 mimics, at least in part, the actions of both glucocorticoids and lipocortin-1.

Direct determination of the contractility of the guinea pig gallbladder: a new in vivo model

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Pomeranz ◽  
J. S. Davison ◽  
E. A. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Gallbladder Emptying ◽  
Gallbladder Contraction ◽  
Force Displacement

In vivo methods to study gallbladder contractility either equate gallbladder emptying with contraction or have relied on changes in gallbladder intravesicular pressure to reflect active transmural tension. We therefore devised an animal model in which the contractile force of the intact gallbladder is measured directly while the blood and neural supply remains uncompromised. Under general anesthesia one pole of the guinea pig gallbladder is anchored to the sternum and the other connected to a force displacement transducer. Any contraction–relaxation between these two points is recorded. This model was validated by measuring gallbladder response to both neuronal and humoral stimulation. Nerve stimulation was accomplished by means of two silver collar electrodes placed in contact with the cystic duct. With nerve stimulation, a frequency (0.5–10 Hz) or amplitude (1–10 V) dependent contraction occurred. Intravenous bethanechol (10 × 104 ng∙kg−1∙h−1) and cholecystokinin (3 × 104 ng∙kg−1∙h−1) both induced dose-dependent gallbladder contraction. This model should prove useful in assessing the physiologic control of gallbladder contraction.

scholarly journals Free amino acids of testes. Concentrations of free amino acids in the testes of several species and the precursors of glutamate and glutamine in rat testes in vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa K. Mushahwar ◽  
Roger E. Koeppe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Species Variation

Determination of the free amino acid and lactate content of testicular tissue in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, gerbil, hamster, chicken and bullfrog indicates a substantial species variation. Insulin hypoglycaemia and ammonium acetate toxicity changes the concentration of several free amino acids of rat testes. 14C radioactivity from labelled acetate and ethanol is rapidly incorporated into some of the free amino acids of rat testes in vivo, whereas incorporation from [14C]glucose is relatively slow. These results have been compared with those obtained from similar studies with rat brain. In contrast to brain, there is no evidence for glutamate compartmentation in testes.

Prompt epithelial damage and restitution processes in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. ERJEFALT ◽  
M. KORSGREN ◽  
M. C. NTLSSON ◽  
F. SUNDLER ◽  
C. G. A. PERSSON
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Epithelial Damage

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antiasthamic Activity of Electrohomeopathy Formulation Pettorale on Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Prasant Kumar Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histamine Release ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Egg Albumin

Objective: The current study was planned to evaluate the antiasthamatic effect of Electrohomeopathic medicine Pettorale in various experimental models. Methods: The antiasthmatic activity of Electrohomeopathic medicine Pettorale was studied on different experimental animals like histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pig, haloperidol induced catalepsy in rats, egg albumin induced paw anaphylaxis in rats and milk induced leukocytosis in mice. Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, steroids and terpenoids. Petorella exhibited best antihistaminic activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg.  It inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy, increased leukocyte count and increased eosinophil count due to milk allergen. Antiasthmatic activity of Pettorale may be possible due to the membrane stabilising potential, suppression of antibody production and inhibition of antigen induced histamine release. Keywords: Electrohomeopathy,   Pettorale, catalepsy, asthma, histamine

Prompt epithelial damage and restitution processes in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. ERJEFÄLT ◽  
M. KORSGREN ◽  
M. C. NTLSSON ◽  
F. SUNDLER ◽  
C. G. A. PERSSON
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Epithelial Damage

A preliminary assessment of the feasibility of evaluating promising antifilarials in vitro against adult Onchocerca volvulus

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. W. Comley ◽  
T. M. Szopa ◽  
G. Strote ◽  
M. Buttner ◽  
K. Darge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Worm ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

SummaryThe suitability of motility indices and tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays for the determination of the viability of adult Onchocerca volvulus after in vitro exposure to potential macrofilaricides has been examined. Experimentation showed that both techniques could be applied to adult O. volvulus, although the variability between individual worms necessitated the use of large experimental groups. The potential of using cut anterior tips of female O. volvulus for screening was also investigated. These were shown to give reasonably consistent motility indices, and drug effects were discernible even after 72 h in vitro culture. Application of these viability criteria to studies on the short-term in vitro survival of intact male and female O. volvulus incubated in Eagles MEM plus serum, under 5% CO2 in air, showed this medium to be suboptimal with a greater than 50 % loss of worm viability within 144 h of nodulectomy. Males isolated by the collagenase technique were shown to be significantly less viable than dissected males, by both motility indices and tetrazolium reduction. The results highlight the need to use either dissected males, or in the case of females, the need to minimize exposure to collagenase solution. A possible mechanism for selecting a more uniformly viable female worm population is discussed. Examination of the in vitro effects of CGP 20376 using these viability criteria/assay systems showed some delayed suppression of worm motility, but after 120 h in vitro CGP 20376 was not macrofilaricidal against male or female O. volvulus. Male worms were also implanted subcutaneously into gerbils. Treatment of these animals with CGP 20376, with autopsy 2 weeks later, resulted in a small macrofilaricidal effect (28% worm death). Some reduction in the motility of living worms recovered from CGP 20376-treated gerbils was also evident. Good survival of control worms recovered 2 weeks post-implantation suggests that male O. volvulus might survive longer subcutaneously. The prospects for undertaking meaningful drug evaluations against O. volvulus in vitro (and in vivo in rodents) is therefore promising, but because of parasite availability will probably be limited to those compounds which have shown potential in other filarial test systems.

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