Effects of bright light and melatonin on sleep propensity, temperature, and cardiac activity at night

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1214-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
Tracey Sletten ◽  
Natasha Savic ◽  
Saul S. Gilbert ◽  
Drew Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Peripheral Temperature

Melatonin increases sleepiness, decreases core temperature, and increases peripheral temperature in humans. Melatonin may produce these effects by activating peripheral receptors or altering autonomic activity. The latter hypothesis was investigated in 16 supine subjects. Three conditions were created by using bright light and exogenous melatonin: normal endogenous, suppressed, and pharmacological melatonin levels. Data during wakefulness from 1.5 h before to 2.5 h after each subject's estimated melatonin onset (wake time + 14 h) were analyzed. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (cardiac parasympathetic activity) and preejection period (cardiac sympathetic activity) did not vary among conditions. Pharmacological melatonin levels significantly decreased systolic blood pressure [5.75 ± 1.65 (SE) mmHg] but did not significantly change heart rate. Suppressed melatonin significantly increased rectal temperature (0.27 ± 0.06°C), decreased foot temperature (1.98 ± 0.70°C), and increased sleep onset latency (5.53 ± 1.87 min). Thus melatonin does not significantly alter cardiac autonomic activity and instead may bind to peripheral receptors in the vasculature and heart. Furthermore, increases in cardiac parasympathetic activity before normal nighttime sleep cannot be attributed to the concomitant increase in endogenous melatonin.

Effects of sleep pressure on endogenous cardiac autonomic activity and body temperature

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2578-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Holmes ◽  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
Drew Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Activity

This study investigated the effects of variations in sleep pressure on cardiac autonomic activity and body temperature. In a counterbalanced design, 12 healthy, young subjects (6 men and 6 women) remained recumbent during 30 h of wakefulness (high sleep pressure) and 6 h of wakefulness (low sleep pressure). Both periods of wakefulness were immediately followed by a sleep opportunity, and the first 2 h of sleep were analyzed. During extended hours of wakefulness, a reduction in heart rate was mediated by a decline in cardiac sympathetic activity (measured via preejection period) and the maintenance of cardiac parasympathetic activity (measured via respiratory sinus arrhythmia). In subsequent high-pressure sleep, parasympathetic activity was amplified and sympathetic activity was negatively associated with electroencephalographic slow-wave activity. Sleep deprivation had no impact on foot temperature, but it did alter the pattern of change in core body temperature. A downregulation of cardiac autonomic activity during both extended hours of wakefulness and subsequent sleep may respectively provide “protection” and “recovery” from the temporal extension of cardiac demand.

The effect of 4-h versus 6-h time restricted feeding on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110023
Author(s):  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Vicky Pavlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Background: Time restricted feeding (TRF) involves deliberately restricting the times during which energy is ingested. Preliminary findings suggest that 8–10-h TRF improves sleep. However, the effects of shorter TRF windows (4–6 h) on sleep, remain unknown. Aims: This study compared the effects of 4-h versus 6-h TRF on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Adults with obesity ( n = 49) were randomized into one of three groups: 4-h TRF (eating only between 3 and 7 p.m.), 6-h TRF (eating only between 1 and 7 p.m.), or a control group (no meal timing restrictions) for 8 weeks. Results: After 8 weeks, body weight decreased ( p < 0.001) similarly by 4-h TRF (–3.9 ± 0.4 kg) and 6-h TRF (–3.4 ± 0.4 kg), versus controls. Sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 5.9 ± 0.7; week 8: 4.8 ± 0.6) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 6.4 ± 0.8; week 8: 5.3 ± 0.9), versus controls. Wake time, bedtime, sleep duration and sleep onset latency also remained unchanged. Insomnia severity did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 4.4 ± 1.0; week 8: 4.7 ± 0.9) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 8.3 ± 1.2; week 8: 5.5 ± 1.1), versus controls. Percent of participants reporting obstructive sleep apnea symptoms did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 44%; week 8: 25%) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 47%; week 8: 20%), versus controls. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4- and 6-h TRF have no effect on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity, or the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

State of the Art Reviews: Nonpharmacologic Approaches for the Treatment of Insomnia

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Lynch ◽  
Courtney I. Jarvis ◽  
Ronald J. DeBellis ◽  
Anna K. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Nonpharmacologic Treatment

Insomnia is a common condition resulting in significant clinical and economic consequences. This review discusses the efficacy of nonpharmacologic treatment options commonly recommended for sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia. In addition, the efficacy of these approaches as part of a multifaceted intervention and in comparison to that of pharmacologic options is reviewed. The primary literature and review articles on the nonpharmacologic treatment of insomnia were identified through a MEDLINE search between 1966 and August 2006. Articles on the nonpharmacologic treatment of primary insomnia, including clinical trials on the efficacy of individual and combination treatment options, were reviewed. The nonpharmacologic treatment options for insomnia include stimulus control, sleep hygiene educations, sleep restriction, paradoxical intention, relaxation therapy, biofeedback, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. These treatment strategies produce significant changes in several sleep parameters of chronic insomniacs, including sleep-onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, sleep duration, and sleep quality. Many therapeutic options are available to treat insomnia, including nonpharmacologic strategies. Treatment recommendations, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, should be made based on patient-specific insomnia symptoms, treatment history, and medical history.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acupuncture Treatment on Sleep Quality and on Emotional Measures among Individuals Living with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Reshef ◽  
Boaz Bloch ◽  
Limor Vadas ◽  
Shai Ravid ◽  
Ilana Kremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Subjective Sleep

Purpose. To examine the effects of acupuncture on sleep quality and on emotional measures among patients with schizophrenia.Methods. Twenty patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. The study comprised a seven-day running-in no-treatment period, followed by an eight-week experimental period. During the experimental period, participants were treated with acupuncture twice a week. During the first week (no-treatment period) and the last week of the experimental period, participants filled out a broad spectrum of questionnaires and their sleep was continuously monitored by wrist actigraph.Results. A paired-samplet-test was conducted comparing objective and subjective sleep parameters manifested by participants before and after sequential acupuncture treatment. A significant effect of acupuncture treatment was observed for seven objective sleep variables: sleep onset latency, sleep percentage, mean activity level, wake time after sleep onset, mean number of wake episodes, mean wake episode and longest wake episode. However, no significant effects of acupuncture treatment were found for subjective sleep measures. Likewise, the results indicate that acupuncture treatment improved psychopathology levels and emotional measures, that is, depression level and anxiety level.Conclusions. Overall, the findings of this pilot study suggest that acupuncture has beneficial effects as a treatment for insomnia and psychopathology symptoms among patients with schizophrenia.

312 Associations Between Sleep Regularity and Body Mass Index: Findings from a Prospective Study of First-Year College Students

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A124-A125
Author(s):  
Patricia Wong ◽  
David Barker ◽  
Caroline Gredvig-Ardito ◽  
Mary Carskadon
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
First Year College ◽  
First Year College Students

Abstract Introduction College students often experience irregular sleep timing, short sleep duration, and weight gain. Using data from a large, prospective study on sleep in first-year college students, we examined whether students’ sleep regularity index (SRI; Phillips et al., 2017) was associated with body mass index (BMI) and BMI change (∆BMI) during the first nine weeks of their college semester. Methods Analyses included data from 583 students (mean age = 18.7± 0.5 years; 59% Female; 48% non-White) who had their height and weight assessed at the start of classes (T1) and end (T2) of nine weeks. ∆BMI was calculated as the difference between T2 and T1, with a positive value indicating an increase in BMI. Throughout the semester, participants completed on-line daily sleep diaries that included bedtime, wake-time, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset for the previous major sleep episode and daytime naps. Based on this data, total sleep time (TST) was calculated as time spent asleep between bedtime and wake-time, and SRI was calculated by comparing participants’ sleep/wake states across adjacent 24-hour periods. Average SRI reflects participants’ sleep regularity (0 (random) to 100 (perfect regularity)) across the study. Data were analyzed with hierarchical linear regressions that controlled for sex and average TST. Results Average SRI was 74.1±8.7 (range 25.7–91.6). Average BMI at T1 was 22.0±3.5; 6% of participants were underweight (BMI less than 18.5), 6% overweight (≥25 and &lt;30) and 3% obese (≥30). Greater BMI at T1 was correlated with less ∆BMI by T2 (r=-.16, p&lt;.001). On average, participants gained 1.8±2.4kg (range: -7.2–11.4); 6% of participants lost ≥2kg, 39% gained 2-5kg, 8% gained more than 5kg. Average TST was not significantly correlated with BMI or ∆BMI. Lower SRI was associated with greater BMI at T1 (B= -.06 [95% CI: -.09– -.02], p=.001) but less ∆BMI (B= .01 [.002–.018], p=.018). Conclusion We found that lower sleep-wake regularity associated with greater baseline BMI but less BMI increase during the initial transition to college. Given that the majority of our participants were normal weight young adults, our findings may indicate that sleep regularity associates with healthy growth in this population. Support (if any) R01MH079179, T32MH019927(P.W.)

Behaviour Therapy for DIMS: Comparison of Three Treatment Procedures with Follow-up

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Sanavio ◽  
Giulio Vidotto ◽  
Ornella Bettinardi ◽  
Teresa Rolletto ◽  
Marina Zorzi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Wake Time

Forty patients suffering from persistent psychophysiological Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (DIMS) were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) EMG-biofeedback training; (2) cognitive modification treatment, combining paradoxical instructions, cognitive restructuring and thought stopping; (3) stimulus control and progressive relaxation treatment; (4) waiting list (control). Each active treatment consisted of six sessions over a period of 2 weeks.After treatment, the patients in the three treatment groups showed shorter sleep onset latency (37%), shorter wake time after sleep onset (50%), and more positive evaluations of sleep quality and restedness on awakening in the morning. The waiting-list group did not show any changes. Benefits were maintained and further increased during the 1 and 3 year follow-ups. Results did not suggest substantial differences, among the three treatments, in amount and/or stability of benefits. The 3 year follow-up revealed seven failures, as against 23 successes. The initial variables differentiating the failures were shorter sleep time and higher scores on the P scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.

scholarly journals 1071 Subjective Measures Of Hyperarousal Predict Subjective Longitudinal And Retrospective Measures Of Sleep Quality In Individuals Exposed To Trauma

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A408-A408
Author(s):  
A Kram Mendelsohn ◽  
C Daffre ◽  
K I Oliver ◽  
J Seo ◽  
N B Lasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Dsm 5

Abstract Introduction Hyperarousal and disturbed sleep are intrinsic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We explored whether self-reported indices of hyperarousal predict longitudinally measured objective, subjective, and retrospective evaluations of sleep quality in trauma-exposed individuals. Methods Individuals exposed to a DSM-5 PTSD Criterion-A traumatic event within the past two years (N=130, 91 females), aged 18-40 (mean 24.43, SD 5.30), 51.54% of whom met DSM-5 criteria for PTSD, completed 14 days of actigraphy and sleep diaries. Participants also completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), published Hyperarousal (HAS) and Hypervigilance (HVQ) scales, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (N=108-125 for different scales). Mean total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE) and sleep midpoint were calculated from actigraphy and subjective SOL, SE, number of awakenings, and time spent awake from diaries. Simple regressions were used to predict associations of the PCL-5, HAS, and HVQ scores with measures of sleep quality. Results Hyperarousal indices predicted diary but not actigraphy measures of sleep quality. Longer diary-reported SOL was predicted by higher scores for: PCL-5 total score (R=0.290, p=0.001), PCL-5 hyperarousal items without the sleep item (R=0.261, p=0.004), and HAS without sleep items (R=0.220, p=0.016). Diary-reported number of awakenings and wake time after sleep onset were predicted by higher HAS scores without the sleep question: (R=0.373, p&lt;0.001; r=0.352, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, all hyperarousal indices significantly predicted PSQI global score (PCL-5: R=0.482, p&lt;0.001; PCL-5 hyperarousal: R=0.389, p&lt;0.001; HVQ: R=0.214, p=0.017; HAS without sleep question: R=0.415, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion Self-reported hyperarousal measures predict subjective longitudinal (especially SOL) and retrospective measures, but not objective measurements of sleep quality. Similar discrepancies between self-reported and objective measures of sleep quality have been reported in patients with insomnia disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia may be especially effective in treating post-traumatic sleep disturbances. Support R01MH109638

scholarly journals Sleep Characteristics and Mood of Professional Esports Athletes: A Multi-National Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Sangha Lee ◽  
Daniel Bonnar ◽  
Brandy Roane ◽  
Michael Gradisar ◽  
Ian C. Dunican ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Delayed Sleep

Esports is becoming increasingly professionalized, yet research on performance management is remarkably lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the sleep and mood of professional esports athletes. Participants were 17 professional esports athletes from South Korea (N = 8), Australia (N = 4), and the United States (N = 5) who played first person shooter games (mean age 20 ± 3.5 years, 100% male). All participants wore a wrist-activity monitor for 7–14 days and completed subjective sleep and mood questionnaires. Participants had a median total sleep time of 6.8 h and a sleep efficiency of 86.4% per night. All participants had significantly delayed sleep patterns (median sleep onset 3:43 a.m. and wake time 11:24 a.m.). Participants had a median sleep onset latency of 20.4 min and prolonged wake after sleep onset of 47.9 min. Korean players had significantly higher depression scores compared to the other groups (p < 0.01) and trained longer per day than the Australian or United States teams (13.4 vs. 4.8 vs. 6.1 h, respectively). Depression scores were strongly correlated with number of awakenings, wake after sleep onset, and daily training time (p < 0.05). As the first pilot sleep study in the esports field, this study indicates that esports athletes show delayed sleep patterns and have prolonged wake after sleep onset. These sleep patterns may be associated with mood (depression) and training time. Sleep interventions designed specifically for esports athletes appear warranted.

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