Determination of TLC fingerprint biomarker of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam leaves extracted with ethanol and its potential as antihyperglycemic agent

Antihyperglycemic activity of Ipomoea batatas (L.) leaves has been studied for years. As many naturally found varieties of such plant species have been used as herbal medicines, there is a need to establish a fingerprint biomarker standardization method. Our research combined TLC fingerprints and chemometric analysis to determine biomarkers in leaf ethanol extract of Ipomoea batatas (L.) (EIBL). We predicted the main constituents of anthocyanin glycosides and their acylated derivates in the leaf ethanol extract of such plants using ESI-MS. The EIBL that contained identified biomarkers has succeeded in providing an antihyperglycemic effect in experimental using STZ-induced rats. This study also found a linear correlation between doses of flavonoid derivates as antioxidant agents with their antihyperglycemic activities. Therefore, this biomarker information can be used as a model to predict the dose-responses of the antihyperglycemic activities produced by other leaf ethanol extracts of I. batatas.

Creation of an MRI phantom based on super-paramagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (SPIO) for standardization of the conversion of T2 * values in the concentration of iron in the liver

In this study the standardization method for T2* maps acquisition on various MR scanners (3T and 1.5T) is proposed. The reproducibility of the obtained T2* values is realized through the MR-compatible phantom containing paramagnetic complex iron oxide nanoparticles. The repeatability of measurements results has shown that the created phantom retains all the required characteristics (homogeneity, stability of concentrations and manifested paramagnetic properties) over a long period of time. The application of standardized T2* values allows to use previously received T2*, [ms] to iron concentrations in the dry substance of the liver (LIC), [mg/ml] conversion formulas for accurate, fast and non-invasive MRI diagnostics of liver iron overload.

A Review Paper on Automatic Coin Sorter for Temples using IOT

At non-secular places like temples, gurdwaras, and lots of others, devotees gift cash within the donation box. It's a giant deal to sight the truth of the given cash. Similarly, cash numeration has been a giant task because it is allotted manually. Mistakes on numeration happen most of the time because of several reasons like eyes temporary state, losing focus, etc. typically fiddle of cash happens at the time of numeration money. To prevail over these issues Automatic Coin Sorter for Temples using IOT is meant. During this system, the truth of the coin is detected employing a dimension standardization method. Then the coins when some delay area unit sorted and area unit inserted into the various assigned box with the assistance of the motor. All the data regarding the coin is distributed to the Associate in Nursing digital display wherever the worth, reality, and count of the coin area unit are displayed. The overall count of the noon and full-day is distributed to the various head person through the applying. The advantage of this review paper for the reader is to achieve information about numerous technologies used for creating this method.

Manâfidu al-Muharramât ilâ Muntijâti al-Halâl: “Dirâsah Tahlîliyah fî Dhaw’i Ma’âyir Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islâmî al-Dawlî wa al-Ma’âyir al-Mâlayziah”

This paper examines the changing process of unlawful (haram) materials into a lawful (halal) product according to both International Islamic Fiqh Academy standard and Malaysian standard. To harmonize those two halal standards on certain products, the subdiscipline of fiqh which determines lawful product standardization has put some fundamental sharia laws to clearly distinguish between halal and haram. The changing process is based on so called istihalah, referring to the merge among halal and haram and istihlak or possibility to take rukhshah (legal relief) and easiness to cope with any difficult condition using darurat (emergency causes) and umum al-balwa (common disaster). However, critical points of the standardization method need to well described, mainly on its composition based on shariah rules of halal product. The discussion covers difference opinions on the sharia law to the weak political policy on the Islamic law arrangement for halal product standardization that it is recommended to consider clear and more careful concepts (instead of istihalah, istihlak, darurat and umum al-balwa) in formulating the law.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Chairside CAD/CAM Restorations Fabricated Using a Standardization Method

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fracture resistance, fracture failure pattern, and fractography of four types of chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoration materials in teeth and titanium abutments fabricated using a standardization method. An artificial mandibular left first premolar prepared for all-ceramic crown restoration was scanned. Forty extracted mandibular molars and cylindrical titanium specimens were milled into a standardized shape. A total of eighty CAD/CAM restoration blocks were milled into a crown and twenty pieces of each lithium disilicate (LS), polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN), resin nano ceramic (RNC), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) materials were used. Crowns were bonded to abutments, and all specimens underwent thermal cycling treatment for 10,000 cycles. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine and fracture failure patterns were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical differences were analyzed using appropriate ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc tests, and independent sample t-tests (α = 0.05). The results indicated that, in both teeth abutments and titanium abutments, the fracture resistances showed significantly the highest values in LS and the second highest in ZLS (p < 0.05). The fracture resistances based on teeth abutments and titanium abutments were significantly different in all the CAD/CAM restoration materials (p < 0.05). There are statistically significant correlations between the types of materials and the types of abutments (p < 0.05). Each of the different materials showed different fracture failure patterns, and there was no noticeable difference in fractographic analysis. Lithium disilicates and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicates exhibited statistically high fracture resistance, indicating their suitability as restoration materials for natural teeth or implant abutments. There were no distinct differences in the fracture pattern based on the restoration and abutment materials showed that the fracture initiated at the groove where the ball indenter was toughed and propagated toward the axial wall.

Study of Four Rainstorm Design Methods in Chongqing

Based on minute-by-minute precipitation data from 1961 to 2016 obtained from the National Basic Weather Station of Shapingba, Chongqing, China, the Chicago rainstorm method, the Pilgrim &amp; Cordery (P&amp;C) method, the Common-frequency method and the natural rainstorm moving regularity (NRMR) method were used to design short-duration (1–3 h) and long-duration (24 h) rainstorm hyetographs. Then, a standardization method for test samples was designed to ensure that each test sample was standardized and underwent an actual precipitation process. The designed rainstorm hyetographs and test samples were compared and analyzed, and the results show that the hyetographs for the 1, 3, and 24-h durations obtained with the NRMR method best represented the actual corresponding precipitation processes. The hyetograph for the 2-h duration obtained with the Chicago rainstorm method was best for the actual 2-h precipitation process. The design results of the Common-frequency method were generally good, but not outstanding. Finally, the P&amp;C method showed a relatively poor performance for each duration.

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Bone Mineral Density in the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia Based on Computed Tomography: In Vitro Evaluation of an Extended Standardization Method

While alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) are of interest in a number of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the knee, their analysis is limited by a lack of tools able to take full advantage of modern imaging modalities. This study introduced a new method, combining computed tomography (CT) and computational anatomy algorithms, to produce standardized three-dimensional BMD quantification in the distal femur and proximal tibia. The method was evaluated on ten cadaveric knees CT-scanned twice and processed following three different experimental settings to assess the influence of different scans and operators. The median reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 and the median reproducibility (precision error (RMSSD)) ranged from 3.97 to 10.75 mg/cc for the different experimental settings. In conclusion, this paper presented a method to standardize three-dimensional knee BMD with excellent reliability and adequate reproducibility to be used in research and clinical applications. The perspectives offered by this novel method are further reinforced by the fact it relies on conventional CT scan of the knee. The standardization method introduced in this work is not limited to BMD and could be adapted to quantify other bone parameters in three dimension based on CT images or images acquired using different modalities.