Time course of interlimb strength transfer after unilateral handgrip training

"Cross-education” is the increase in strength or functional performance of an untrained limb after unilateral training. A major limitation for clinical translation from unilateral injury includes knowledge on the minimum time for the emergence of crossed effects. Therefore, the primary purpose was to characterize the time course of bilateral strength changes during both “traditional” ( n = 11) and “daily” ( n = 8) unilateral handgrip training in neurologically intact participants. Traditional training included five sets of five maximal voluntary handgrip contractions 3 times/wk for 6 wk whereas daily training included the same number of sessions and contractions but over 18 consecutive days. Three pre- and one posttest session evaluated strength, muscle activation, and reflex excitability bilaterally. Time course information was assessed by recording handgrip force for every contraction in the trained limb and from a single contraction on every third training session in the untrained limb. Six weeks of traditional training increased handgrip strength in the trained limb after the 9th session whereas the untrained limb was stronger after the 12th session. This was accompanied by increased peak muscle activation and bilateral alterations in Hoffmann reflex excitability. Daily training revealed a similar number of sessions (15) were required to induce significant strength gains in the untrained limb (7.8% compared with 12.5%) in approximately half the duration of traditional training. Therefore, minimizing rest days may improve the efficiency of unilateral training when the trained limb is not the focus. Establishing a “dose” for the time course of adaptation to strength training is paramount for effective translation to rehabilitative interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unilateral handgrip training using a “traditional” protocol (3 times/wk; 6 wk) increased strength bilaterally after 9 (trained arm) and 12 (untrained arm) sessions. “Daily” training (18 consecutive days) increased strength in the untrained limb in a similar number of training sessions, which was accomplished in approximately half the time. Within clinical populations when the focus is on the untrained limb, reducing rest days may optimize the recovery of strength.

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Dysphagia Prevalence, Time Course, and Association with Probable Sarcopenia, Inactivity, Malnutrition, and Disease Status in Older Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department: A Secondary Analysis of Cohort Study Data

Geriatrics ◽

10.3390/geriatrics6020046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Tina Hansen ◽

Rikke Lundsgaard Nielsen ◽

Morten Baltzer Houlind ◽

Juliette Tavenier ◽

Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Older Patients ◽

Time Course ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Disease Status

There is evolving evidence for an association between dysphagia and sarcopenia in older adults. For optimizing the acute health care initiative across health care settings, this study investigated prevalence and time-course of dysphagia in older patients admitted to an emergency department (ED) as well as its association with parameters for probable sarcopenia, inactivity, malnutrition, disease status, and systemic inflammation. A secondary analysis of data from the FAM-CPH cohort study on acutely admitted older medical patients (n = 125). Data were collected upon ED admission as well as four and 56 weeks after discharge. Using the Eating Assessment Tool cut-off score ≥ 2, signs of dysphagia were present in 34% of the patients at ED admission and persisted in 25% of the patients 56 weeks after discharge. Signs of dysphagia at 56-week follow-up were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with probable sarcopenia (low handgrip strength (OR = 3.79), low leg muscle strength (OR = 8.14), and low physical performance (OR = 5.68)) and with baseline swallowing inactivity (OR = 5.61), malnutrition (OR = 4.35), and systemic inflammation (OR = 1.33). Signs of dysphagia in older patients admitted to an ED was prevalent, persisted 56 weeks after discharge, and was associated with probable sarcopenia and related conditions; all modifiable targets for management of dysphagia in older patients.

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Pre-Practice Hydration Status in Soccer (Football) Players in a Cool Environment

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina54060102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Urmo Kiitam ◽

Lilita Voitkevica ◽

Saima Timpmann ◽

Inese Pontaga ◽

Jaan Ereline ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Athletic Trainers ◽

Training Session ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Football Players ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Training Experience ◽

Cool Environment ◽

Daily Training ◽

Soccer Training

Background and Objectives: Only a few studies have reported the pre-practice hydration status in soccer players (SPs) who train in a cool climate. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the hydration status of male semiprofessional SPs immediately before their regular training session in winter. The secondary purpose was to compare the urinary indices of the hydration status of Estonian and Latvian SPs. Materials and Methods: Pre-training urine samples were collected from 40 Estonian (age 22.1 ± 3.4 years, soccer training experience 13.7 ± 3.9 years) and 41 Latvian (age 20.8 ± 3.4 years, soccer training experience 13.3 ± 3.0 years) SPs and analyzed for urine specific gravity (USG). The average outdoor temperature during the sample collection period (January–March) was between −5.1 °C and 0.2 °C (Estonia) and −1.9 °C and −5.0 °C (Latvia). Results: The average pre-training USG of Estonian and Latvian SPs did not differ (P = 0.464). Pooling the data of Estonian and Latvian SPs yielded a mean USG value of 1.021 ± 0.007. Hypohydration (defined as a USG ≥ 1.020) was evident altogether in fifty SPs (61.7%) and one of them had a USG value greater than 1.030. Conclusions: Estonian and Latvian SPs do not differ in respect of USG and the prevalence of pre-training hypohydration is high in this athletic cohort. These findings suggest that SPs as well as their coaches, athletic trainers, and sports physicians should be better educated to recognize the importance of maintaining euhydration during the daily training routine in wintertime and to apply appropriate measures to avoid hypohydration.

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A Comparison of Physical Functional Performance and Strength in Women With Fibromyalgia, Age- and Weight-Matched Controls, and Older Women Who Are Healthy

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20050320 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. 1479-1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Lynn B Panton ◽

J Derek Kingsley ◽

Tonya Toole ◽

M Elaine Cress ◽

George Abboud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Performance Test ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Women Subjects ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Continuous Scale ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Physical Functional Performance

Abstract Background and Purposes. The purpose of this study was to compare functionality and strength among women with fibromyalgia (FM), women without FM, and older women. Subjects. Twenty-nine women with FM (age [X̅±SD]=46±7 years), 12 age- and weight-matched women without FM (age=44±8 years), and 38 older women who were healthy (age=71±7 years) participated. Methods. The Continuous Scale–Physical Functional Performance Test (CS-PFP) was used to assess functionality. Isokinetic leg strength was measured at 60°/s, and handgrip strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. Results. The women without FM had significantly higher functionality scores compared with women with FM and older women. There were no differences in functionality between women with FM and older women. Strength measures for the leg were higher in women without FM compared with women with FM and older women, and both women with and without FM had higher grip strengths compared with older women. Discussion and Conclusion. This study demonstrated that women with FM and older women who are healthy have similar lower-body strength and functionality, potentially enhancing the risk for premature age-associated disability.

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Is knee extension strength a better predictor of functional performance than handgrip strength among older adults in three different settings?

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2014.11.010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sofie Martien ◽

Christophe Delecluse ◽

Filip Boen ◽

Jan Seghers ◽

Johan Pelssers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Knee Extension Strength

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Can Whole-Body Vibration Exercises in Different Positions Change Muscular Activity of Upper Limbs? A Randomized Trial

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325818804361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 155932581880436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Danielle S Morel ◽

Pedro J Marín ◽

Eloá Moreira-Marconi ◽

Carla F Dionello ◽

Mario Bernardo-Filho

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Body Vibration ◽

Test Sets ◽

Flexor Digitorum ◽

Push Up

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of whole-body vibration exercises (WBVE) in different positions on muscular activity of flexor digitorum superficialis (FD), wrist extensor (ED), and handgrip strength (HG) of healthy men. Fifteen participants have performed 5 test sets each one consisting of HG strength measurement and 1-minute WBVE intervention (frequency: 50 Hz, amplitude: 1.53 mm, synchronous tri-planar oscillating/vibratory platform), that could be control (no exposition to vibration), squat (30 seconds of rest and 30 seconds of WBVE in squat position), or push-up (30 seconds of rest, and 30 seconds of WBVE in push-up position). After testing, participants had 2 minutes of rest and then were encouraged to keep themselves on a pull-up bar for 30 seconds. During all procedures, muscular activity of FD and ED was measured by surface electromyography (EMG). Statistical analysis has revealed that the EMG measured in the FD during the static pull-up bar exercise after SQUAT condition was significantly higher ( P = .004) than the CONTROL and PUSH-UP conditions. Whole-body vibration exercises in squat position increase acutely muscle activation of the FD during isometric exercises of longer duration, while muscle activation of ED and HG strength are not affected by WBVE.

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Stretch Reflex Latencies in Spastic Hemiparetic Subjects are Prolonged After Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100047636 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Christina W.Y. Hui-Chan ◽

Mindy F. Levin

Keyword(s):

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽

Stretch Reflex ◽

Time Course ◽

Dorsal Column ◽

Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽

Reflex Excitability ◽

Reflex Threshold ◽

Repetitive Electrical Stimulation

ABSTRACT:Low-intensity repetitive electrical stimulation such as dorsal column and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reportedly decreases spasticity and improves voluntary motor control. However, the mechanisms mediating these effects are unclear. Recent findings suggest that spasticity may be characterized more appropriately by a decrease in the stretch reflex threshold than by an increase in gain. Our objectives were: (1) to examine possible changes in stretch reflex excitability following 45 min of TENS, (2) to map out the time course of possible post-stimulation effects via both latency and magnitude (amplitude or area) measurements, and (3) to determine the role of segmental versus non-segmental mechanisms involved in mediating these changes. The effects of 45 min of segmentally and heterosegmentally applied TENS on lower limb reflexes in ten spastic hemiparetic subjects were contrasted with those resulting from placebo stimulation. We found that both segmentally and heterosegmentally applied TENS caused an immediate increase in soleus H reflex latencies that was evident for up to 60 minutes post-stimulation in over 75% of the subjects. Similar increases for up to 60 and 40 minutes post-stimulation was noted for the stretch reflex latencies in 50% and 67% of the subjects respectively for segmental and heterosegmental stimulation. These results suggested that manipulation of segmental and heterosegmental afférents for 45 min may lead to a decrease of the otherwise augmented stretch reflex excitability accompanying hemiparetic spasticity.

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Time-course Of Changes In Maximal Force And Rate Of Force Development After A Plyometric Training Session

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000477393.56341.16 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 356

Author(s):

Gregory C. Bogdanis ◽

Panagiotis Veligekas ◽

Panagiotis Roxanas ◽

Konstantinos Chiotelis ◽

Stavros Petrou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Training Session ◽

Rate Of Force Development ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Force Development ◽

Maximal Force

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Differences in Handgrip Strength-endurance and Muscle Activation between Young Male Judo Athletes and Untrained Individuals

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport ◽

10.1080/02701367.2019.1699233 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Renêe de Caldas Honorato ◽

Emerson Franchini ◽

Jerusa Petrovna Resende Lara ◽

André Igor Fonteles ◽

Julio Cesar Barbosa de Lima Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Young Male ◽

Judo Athletes

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Grape juice consumption-induced physical functional performance improvement alone or combined with therapeutic exercise in elderly women

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep190027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 95-104

Author(s):

L. Bassôa ◽

L. Trevizol ◽

I. Fraga ◽

N.C. Martins ◽

F. Variani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Therapeutic Exercise ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Healthy Elderly

This study aimed to examine the effects of grape juice consumption during 4 weeks alone or combined with a therapeutic exercise protocol on quality of life (SF-36), handgrip strength (dynamometry) and physical function performance evaluated through Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go, Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in elderly women. Nineteen healthy elderly women were distributed in Grape Juice Group (GJG, n=9) and Grape Juice + Exercise Group (GJEG, n=10). A significant improvement in handgrip strength and BBS were observed in GJG. Both groups showed increased values in 6MWT and the quality of life was significantly improved after intervention in GJEG. Daily grape juice consumption is able to improve some physical functional parameters in elderly women; however, when in combination with therapeutic exercise intervention may provide a more effective strategy to positively affect the quality of life.

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