Relationship between muscle blood flow and oxygen uptake during exercise in endurance-trained and untrained men

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari K. Kalliokoski ◽  
Juhani Knuuti ◽  
Pirjo Nuutila
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Good ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

A recent study showed good correlation between regional blood flow (BF) and oxygen uptake (V̇o2) 30 min after exhaustive exercise. The question that remains open is whether there is similar good correlation between BF and V̇o2 also during exercise. We reanalyzed our previous data from a study in which BF and V̇o2 was measured in different quadriceps femoris muscles in seven healthy endurance-trained and seven healthy untrained men at rest and during low-intensity intermittent static knee-extension exercise (Kalliokoski KK, Oikonen V, Takala TO, Sipila H, Knuuti J, and Nuutila P. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280: E1015–E1021, 2001). When the mean values of each muscle were considered, there was good correlation between BF and V̇o2 during exercise in both groups ( r2 = 0.82 in untrained and 0.97 in trained). However, when calculated individually, the correlations were poorer, and the mean correlation coefficient ( r2) was significantly higher in the trained men (0.71 ± 0.07 vs. 0.40 ± 0.11, P = 0.03). These results suggest that there is large individual variation in matching BF to V̇o2 in human skeletal muscles during exercise, ranging from very poor to excellent. Furthermore, this matching seems to be better in the endurance-trained than in untrained men.

Oxygen uptake and blood flow in canine skeletal muscle during moderate and severe anemia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chapler ◽  
S. M. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Acute Anemia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
The Mean

The metabolic and cardiovascular adjustments of the whole body and skeletal muscle were studied during moderate and severe acute anemia. In 15 anesthetized dogs, venous outflow from the gastrocnemius–plantaris muscle group was isolated. Cardiac output [Formula: see text], muscle blood flow [Formula: see text], total body and muscle oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] were determined during a control period, and at 30 and 60 min of either (i) moderate anemia (n = 8) in which the mean hematocrit (Hct) was 25% or (ii) progressive anemia (n = 7) in which the mean Hct values were 25% at 30 min and 16% at 60 min of anemia. Muscle [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] were increased in both groups at 30 min of anemia. By 60 min, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] declined to preanemic control values in the moderate anemia group; whole body [Formula: see text] was maintained at the control level. Arterial oxygen transport was the same in the two groups at both 30 and 60 min of anemia despite the difference in Hct at 60 min. Muscle [Formula: see text] showed a further and similar rise in both groups between 30 and 60 min of anemia. These data show that the rise in muscle [Formula: see text] during acute anemia was not directly proportional to the degree of the hematocrit reduction. Further, the findings suggest that the muscle [Formula: see text] response was related to the decrease in arterial oxygen transport.

Effect of contraction frequency on leg blood flow during knee extension exercise in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Hoelting ◽  
Barry W. Scheuermann ◽  
Thomas J. Barstow
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Contraction Frequency ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Previous studies in isolated muscle preparations have shown that muscle blood flow becomes compromised at higher contraction frequencies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increases in contraction frequency and muscle tension on mean blood flow (MBF) during voluntary exercise in humans. Nine male subjects [23.6 ± 3.7 (SD) yr] performed incremental knee extension exercise to exhaustion in the supine position at three contraction frequencies [40, 60, and 80 contractions/min (cpm)]. Mean blood velocity of the femoral artery was determined beat by beat using Doppler ultrasound. MBF was calculated by using the diameter of the femoral artery determined at rest using echo Doppler ultrasound. The work rate (WR) achieved at exhaustion was decreased ( P< 0.05) as contraction frequency increased (40 cpm, 16.2 ± 1.4 W; 60 cpm, 14.8 ± 1.4 W; 80 cpm, 13.2 ± 1.3 W). MBF was similar across the contraction frequencies at rest and during the first WR stage but was higher ( P < 0.05) at 40 than 80 cpm at exercise intensities >5 W. MBF was similar among contraction frequencies at exhaustion. In humans performing knee extension exercise in the supine position, muscle contraction frequency and/or muscle tension development may appreciably affect both the MBF and the amplitude of the contraction-to-contraction oscillations in muscle blood flow.

Muscle contraction-blood flow interactions during upright knee extension exercise in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Lutjemeier ◽  
Akira Miura ◽  
Barry W. Scheuermann ◽  
Shunsaku Koga ◽  
Dana K. Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

To test for evidence of a muscle pump effect during steady-state upright submaximal knee extension exercise, seven male subjects performed seven discontinuous, incremental exercise stages (3 min/stage) at 40 contractions/min, at work rates ranging to 60–75% peak aerobic work rate. Cardiac cycle-averaged muscle blood flow (MBF) responses and contraction-averaged blood flow responses were calculated from continuous Doppler sonography of the femoral artery. Net contribution of the muscle pump was estimated by the difference between mean exercise blood flow (MBFM) and early recovery blood flow (MBFR). MBFM rose in proportion with increases in power output with no significant difference between the two methods of calculating MBF. For stages 1 and 5, MBFM was greater than MBFR; for all others, MBFM was similar to MBFR. For the lighter work rates ( stages 1–4), there was no significant difference between exercise and early recovery mean arterial pressure (MAP). During stages 5–7, MAP was significantly higher during exercise and fell significantly early in recovery. From these results we conclude that 1) at the lightest work rate, the muscle pump had a net positive effect on MBFM, 2) during steady-state moderate exercise ( stages 2–4) the net effect of rhythmic muscle contraction was neutral (i.e., the impedance due to muscle contraction was exactly offset by the potential enhancement during relaxation), and 3) at the three higher work rates tested ( stages 5–7), any enhancement to flow during relaxation was insufficient to fully compensate for the contraction-induced impedance to muscle perfusion. This necessitated a higher MAP to achieve the MBFM.

scholarly journals Role of Alpha‐1 Adrenergic Vasoconstriction in Regulating Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow during Single Leg Knee Extension Exercise with Advancing Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy L. Theisen ◽  
Stephen M. Ratchford ◽  
Heather L. Clifton ◽  
Kanokwan Bunsawat ◽  
Zachary Barret‐O'keefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

Role of adenosine in regulating the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2042-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Heinonen ◽  
Sergey V. Nesterov ◽  
Jukka Kemppainen ◽  
Pirjo Nuutila ◽  
Juhani Knuuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Exercise Hyperemia

Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that adenosine plays a role in the regulation of exercise hyperemia in skeletal muscle. We tested whether adenosine also plays a role in the regulation of blood flow (BF) distribution and heterogeneity among and within quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles during exercise, measured using positron emission tomography. In six healthy young women, BF was measured at rest and then during three incremental low and moderate intermittent isometric one-legged knee-extension exercise intensities without and with theophylline-induced nonselective adenosine receptor blockade. BF heterogeneity within muscles was calculated from 16-mm3 voxels in BF images and heterogeneity among the muscles from the mean values of the four QF compartments. Mean BF in the whole QF and its four parts increased, and heterogeneity decreased with workload both without and with theophylline ( P < 0.001). Adenosine receptor blockade did not have any effect on mean bulk BF or BF heterogeneity among the QF muscles, yet blockade increased within-muscle BF heterogeneity in all four QF muscles ( P = 0.03). Taken together, these results show that BF becomes less heterogeneous with increasing exercise intensity in the QF muscle group. Adenosine seems to play a role in muscle BF heterogeneity even in the absence of changes in bulk BF at low and moderate one-leg intermittent isometric exercise intensities.

Neural control of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle after central administration of NMDA

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. R492-R497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lang ◽  
M. Ajmal ◽  
A. G. Baillie
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Central Administration

Intracerebroventricular injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces hyperglycemia and increases whole body glucose uptake. The purpose of the present study was to determine in rats which tissues are responsible for the elevated rate of glucose disposal. NMDA was injected intracerebroventricularly, and the glucose metabolic rate (Rg) was determined for individual tissues 20-60 min later using 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose. NMDA decreased Rg in skin, ileum, lung, and liver (30-35%) compared with time-matched control animals. In contrast, Rg in skeletal muscle and heart was increased 150-160%. This increased Rg was not due to an elevation in plasma insulin concentrations. In subsequent studies, the sciatic nerve in one leg was cut 4 h before injection of NMDA. NMDA increased Rg in the gastrocnemius (149%) and soleus (220%) in the innervated leg. However, Rg was not increased after NMDA in contralateral muscles from the denervated limb. Data from a third series of experiments indicated that the NMDA-induced increase in Rg by innervated muscle and its abolition in the denervated muscle were not due to changes in muscle blood flow. The results of the present study indicate that 1) central administration of NMDA increases whole body glucose uptake by preferentially stimulating glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and 2) the enhanced glucose uptake by muscle is neurally mediated and independent of changes in either the plasma insulin concentration or regional blood flow.

Regional circulatory responses to hypocapnia and hypercapnia in bar-headed geese

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. R499-R504 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Faraci ◽  
M. R. Fedde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Reduction ◽  
Extreme Altitude ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
O2 Delivery

To investigate mechanisms that may allow birds to tolerate extreme high altitude (hypocapnic hypoxia), we examined the effects of severe hypocapnia and moderate hypercapnia on regional blood flow in bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), a species that flies at altitudes up to 9,000 m. Cerebral, coronary, and pectoral muscle blood flows were measured using radioactive microspheres, while arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) was varied from 7 to 62 Torr in awake normoxic birds. Arterial blood pressure was not affected by hypocapnia but increased slightly during hypercapnia. Heart rate did not change during alterations in PaCO2. Severe hypocapnia did not significantly alter cerebral, coronary, or pectoral muscle blood flow. Hypercapnia markedly increased cerebral and coronary blood flow, but pectoral muscle blood flow was unaffected. The lack of a blood flow reduction during severe hypocapnia may represent an important adaptation in these birds, enabling them to increase O2 delivery to the heart and brain at extreme altitude despite the presence of a very low PaCO2.

Effects of prior heavy-intensity exercise during single-leg knee extension on v̇o2 kinetics and limb blood flow

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1462-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Paterson ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler ◽  
Young Subjects

The effects of prior heavy-intensity exercise on O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics of a second heavy exercise may be due to vasodilation (associated with metabolic acidosis) and improved muscle blood flow. This study examined the effect of prior heavy-intensity exercise on femoral artery blood flow (Qleg) and its relationship with V̇o2 kinetics. Five young subjects completed five to eight repeats of two 6-min bouts of heavy-intensity one-legged, knee-extension exercise separated by 6 min of loadless exercise. V̇o2 was measured breath by breath. Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound was used to measure Qleg. V̇o2 and blood flow velocity data were fit using a monoexponential model to identify phase II and phase III time periods and estimate the response amplitudes and time constants (τ). Phase II V̇o2 kinetics was speeded on the second heavy-intensity exercise [mean τ (SD), 29 ( 10 ) s to 24 ( 10 ) s, P < 0.05] with no change in the phase II (or phase III) amplitude. Qleg was elevated before the second exercise [1.55 (0.34) l/min to 1.90 (0.25) l/min, P < 0.05], but the amplitude and time course [τ, 25 ( 13 ) s to 35 ( 13 ) s] were not changed, such that throughout the transient the Qleg (and ΔQleg/ΔV̇o2) did not differ from the prior heavy exercise. Thus V̇o2 kinetics were accelerated on the second exercise, but the faster kinetics were not associated with changes in Qleg. Thus limb blood flow appears not to limit V̇o2 kinetics during single-leg heavy-intensity exercise nor to be the mechanism of the altered V̇o2 response after heavy-intensity prior exercise.

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