Origins of 1/f2 scaling in the power spectrum of intracortical local field potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 984-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gytis Baranauskas ◽  
Emma Maggiolini ◽  
Alessandro Vato ◽  
Giannicola Angotzi ◽  
Andrea Bonfanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Up States ◽  
Up And Down States ◽  
Spiking Activity

It has been noted that the power spectrum of intracortical local field potential (LFP) often scales as 1/f−2. It is thought that LFP mostly represents the spiking-related neuronal activity such as synaptic currents and spikes in the vicinity of the recording electrode, but no 1/f2 scaling is detected in the spike power. Although tissue filtering or modulation of spiking activity by UP and DOWN states could account for the observed LFP scaling, there is no consensus as to how it arises. We addressed this question by recording simultaneously LFP and single neurons (“single units”) from multiple sites in somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats. Single-unit data revealed the presence of periods of high activity, presumably corresponding to the “UP” states when the neuronal membrane potential is depolarized, and periods of no activity, the putative “DOWN” states when the membrane potential is close to resting. As expected, the LFP power scaled as 1/f2 but no such scaling was found in the power spectrum of spiking activity. Our analysis showed that 1/f2 scaling in the LFP power spectrum was largely generated by the steplike transitions between UP and DOWN states. The shape of the LFP signal during these transitions, but not the transition timing, was crucial to obtain the observed scaling. These transitions were probably induced by synchronous changes in the membrane potential across neurons. We conclude that a 1/f2 scaling in the LFP power indicates the presence of steplike transitions in the LFP trace and says little about the statistical properties of the associated neuronal firing.

scholarly journals The Temporal Pattern of Spiking Activity of a Thalamic Neuron are Related to the Amplitude of the Cortical Local Field Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Thalamic Neuron ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Spiking Activity

AbstractNeuron activity in the sensory cortices mainly depends on feedforward thalamic inputs. High-frequency activity of a thalamic input can be temporally integrated by a neuron in the sensory cortex and is likely to induce larger depolarization. However, feedforward inhibition (FFI) and depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in thalamocortical pathways attenuate depolarization induced by the latter part of high-frequency spiking activity and the temporal summation may not be effective. The spiking activity of a thalamic neuron in a specific temporal pattern may circumvent FFI and depression of excitatory synapses. The present study determined the relationship between the temporal pattern of spiking activity of a single thalamic neuron and the degree of cortical activation as well as that between the firing rate of spiking activity of a single thalamic neuron and the degree of cortical activation. Spiking activity of a thalamic neuron was recorded extracellularly from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in male Long-Evans rats. Degree of cortical activation was assessed by simultaneous recording of local field potential (LFP) from the visual cortex. A specific temporal pattern appearing in three consecutive spikes of an LGN neuron induced larger cortical LFP modulation than high-frequency spiking activity during a short period. These findings indicate that spiking activity of thalamic inputs is integrated by a synaptic mechanism sensitive to an input temporal pattern.Significance StatementSensory cortical activity depends on thalamic inputs. Despite the importance of thalamocortical transmission, how spiking activity of thalamic inputs is integrated by cortical neurons remains unclear. Feedforward inhibition and synaptic depression of excitatory transmission may not allow simple temporal summation of membrane potential induced by consecutive spiking activity of a thalamic neuron. A specific temporal pattern appearing in three consecutive spikes of a thalamic neuron induced larger cortical local field potential modulation than high-frequency spiking activity during a short period. The findings indicate the importance of the temporal pattern of spiking activity of a single thalamic neuron on cortical activation.

Spiking Activity in the Auditory Cortex Is Synchronized to Beta-Band Local Field Potential Oscillations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Garcca-Rosales ◽  
Lisa M. Martin ◽  
M. Jerome Beetz ◽  
Yuranny Cabral-Calderrn ◽  
Manfred KKssl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Spiking Activity

scholarly journals LFP clustering in cortex reveals a taxonomy of Up states and near-millisecond, ordered phase-locking in cortical neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1794-1809
Author(s):  
Catalin C. Mitelut ◽  
Martin A. Spacek ◽  
Allen W. Chan ◽  
Tim H. Murphy ◽  
Nicholas V. Swindale
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Up States

During slow-wave sleep and anesthesia, mammalian cortex exhibits a synchronized state during which neurons shift from a largely nonfiring to a firing state, known as an Up-state transition. Up-state transitions may constitute the default activity pattern of the entire cortex (Neske GT. Front Neural Circuits 9: 88, 2016) and could be critical to understanding cortical function, yet the genesis of such transitions and their interaction with single neurons is not well understood. It was recently shown that neurons firing at rates >2 Hz fire spikes in a stereotyped order during Up-state transitions (Luczak A, McNaughton BL, Harris KD. Nat Rev Neurosci 16: 745–755, 2015), yet it is still unknown if Up states are homogeneous and whether spiking order is present in neurons with rates <2 Hz (the majority). Using extracellular recordings from anesthetized cats and mice and from naturally sleeping rats, we show for the first time that Up-state transitions can be classified into several types based on the shape of the local field potential (LFP) during each transition. Individual LFP events could be localized in time to within 1–4 ms, more than an order of magnitude less than in previous studies. The majority of recorded neurons synchronized their firing to within ±5–15 ms relative to each Up-state transition. Simultaneous electrophysiology and wide-field imaging in mouse confirmed that LFP event clusters are cortex-wide phenomena. Our findings show that Up states are of different types and point to the potential importance of temporal order and millisecond-scale signaling by cortical neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY During cortical Up-state transitions in sleep and anesthesia, neurons undergo brief periods of increased firing in an order similar to that occurring in awake states. We show that these transitions can be classified into distinct types based on the shape of the local field potential. Transition times can be defined to <5 ms. Most neurons synchronize their firing to within ±5–15 ms of the transitions and fire in a consistent order.

In vivo beta and gamma subthreshold oscillations in rat mitral cells: origin and gating by respiratory dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Fourcaud-Trocmé ◽  
Virginie Briffaud ◽  
Marc Thévenet ◽  
Nathalie Buonviso ◽  
Corine Amat
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Spike Discharge ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations

In mammals, olfactory bulb (OB) dynamics are paced by slow and fast oscillatory rhythms at multiple levels: local field potential, spike discharge, and/or membrane potential oscillations. Interactions between these levels have been well studied for the slow rhythm linked to animal respiration. However, less is known regarding rhythms in the fast beta (10–35 Hz) and gamma (35–100 Hz) frequency ranges, particularly at the membrane potential level. Using a combination of intracellular and extracellular recordings in the OB of freely breathing rats, we show that beta and gamma subthreshold oscillations (STOs) coexist intracellularly and are related to extracellular local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the same frequency range. However, they are differentially affected by changes in cell excitability and by odor stimulation. This leads us to suggest that beta and gamma STOs may rely on distinct mechanisms: gamma STOs would mainly depend on mitral cell intrinsic resonance, while beta STOs could be mainly driven by synaptic activity. In a second study, we find that STO occurrence and timing are constrained by the influence of the slow respiratory rhythm on mitral and tufted cells. First, respiratory-driven excitation seems to favor gamma STOs, while respiratory-driven inhibition favors beta STOs. Second, the respiratory rhythm is needed at the subthreshold level to lock gamma and beta STOs in similar phases as their LFP counterparts and to favor the correlation between STO frequency and spike discharge. Overall, this study helps us to understand how the interaction between slow and fast rhythms at all levels of OB dynamics shapes its functional output. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the mammalian olfactory bulb of a freely breathing anesthetized rat, we show that both beta and gamma membrane potential fast oscillation ranges exist in the same mitral and tufted (M/T) cell. Importantly, our results suggest they have different origins and that their interaction with the slow subthreshold oscillation (respiratory rhythm) is a key mechanism to organize their dynamics, favoring their functional implication in olfactory bulb information processing.

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