Differential neural correlates of reciprocal activation and cocontraction control in dorsal and ventral premotor cortices

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Haruno ◽  
Gowrishankar Ganesh ◽  
Etienne Burdet ◽  
Mitsuo Kawato
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
The Brain

Efficient control of reciprocal activation and cocontraction of the muscles are critical to perform skillful actions with suitable force and impedance. However, it remains unclear how the brain controls force and impedance while recruiting the same set of muscles as actuators. Does control take place at the single muscle level leading to force and impedance, or are there higher-order centers dedicated to controlling force and impedance? We addressed this question using functional MRI during voluntary isometric wrist contractions with online electromyogram feedback. Comparison of the brain activity between the conditions requiring control of either wrist torque or cocontraction demonstrates that blood oxygen level-dependent activity in the caudo-dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) correlates well with torque, whereas the activity in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) correlates well with the level of cocontraction. This suggests distinct roles of the PMd and PMv in the voluntary control of reciprocal activation and cocontraction of muscles, respectively.

scholarly journals Neural representations of own-voice in the human auditory cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Hosaka ◽  
Marino Kimura ◽  
Yuko Yotsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Human Auditory Cortex ◽  
The Voice

AbstractWe have a keen sensitivity when it comes to the perception of our own voices. We can detect not only the differences between ourselves and others, but also slight modifications of our own voices. Here, we examined the neural correlates underlying such sensitive perception of one’s own voice. In the experiments, we modified the subjects’ own voices by using five types of filters. The subjects rated the similarity of the presented voices to their own. We compared BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) signals between the voices that subjects rated as least similar to their own voice and those they rated as most similar. The contrast revealed that the bilateral superior temporal gyrus exhibited greater activities while listening to the voice least similar to their own voice and lesser activation while listening to the voice most similar to their own. Our results suggest that the superior temporal gyrus is involved in neural sharpening for the own-voice. The lesser degree of activations observed by the voices that were similar to the own-voice indicates that these areas not only respond to the differences between self and others, but also respond to the finer details of own-voices.

Orientation Anisotropies in Human Visual Cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 3465-3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien J. Mannion ◽  
J. Scott McDonald ◽  
Colin W. G. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Visual Image ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Sinusoidal Grating ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Fundamental Operation ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Dependent Activity

Representing the orientation of features in the visual image is a fundamental operation of the early cortical visual system. The nature of such representations can be informed by considering anisotropic distributions of response across the range of orientations. Here we used functional MRI to study modulations in the cortical activity elicited by observation of a sinusoidal grating that varied in orientation. We report a significant anisotropy in the measured blood-oxygen level-dependent activity within visual areas V1, V2, V3, and V3A/B in which horizontal orientations evoked a reduced response. These visual areas and hV4 showed a further anisotropy in which increased responses were observed for orientations that were radial to the point of fixation. We speculate that the anisotropies in cortical activity may be related to anisotropies in the prevalence and behavioral relevance of orientations in typical natural environments.

scholarly journals Multivoxel Pattern of Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Activity can be sensitive to stimulus specific fine scale responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Vizioli ◽  
Federico De Martino ◽  
Lucy S. Petro ◽  
Daniel Kersten ◽  
Kamil Ugurbil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Dependent Activity

scholarly journals The processing of color preference in the brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Racey ◽  
Anna Franklin ◽  
Chris M. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Automatic Encoding ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDecades of research has established that humans have preferences for some colors (e.g., blue) and a dislike of others (e.g., dark chartreuse), with preference varying systematically with variation in hue (e.g., Hurlbert & Owen, 2015). Here, we used functional MRI to investigate why humans have likes and dislikes for simple patches of color, and to understand the neural basis of preference, aesthetics and value judgements more generally. We looked for correlations of a behavioural measure of color preference with the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response when participants performed an irrelevant orientation judgement task on colored squares. A whole brain analysis found a significant correlation between BOLD activity and color preference in the posterior midline cortex (PMC), centred on the precuneus but extending into the adjacent posterior cingulate and cuneus. These results demonstrate that brain activity is modulated by color preference, even when such preferences are irrelevant to the ongoing task the participants are engaged. They also suggest that color preferences automatically influence our processing of the visual world. Interestingly, the effect in the PMC overlaps with regions identified in neuroimaging studies of preference and value judgements of other types of stimuli. Therefore, our findings extends this literature to show that the PMC is related to automatic encoding of subjective value even for basic visual features such as color.

Low-frequency blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations in the brain white matter: more than just noise

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 656-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong-Jun Ji ◽  
Wei Liao ◽  
Fang-Fang Chen ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Human non-REM sleep and the mean global BOLD signal

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P McAvoy ◽  
Enzo Tagliazucchi ◽  
Helmut Laufs ◽  
Marcus E Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniform Manner

A hallmark of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the decreased brain activity as measured by global reductions in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose metabolism. It is unknown whether the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal undergoes similar changes. Here we show that, in contrast to the decreases in blood flow and metabolism, the mean global BOLD signal increases with sleep depth in a regionally non-uniform manner throughout gray matter. We relate our findings to the circulatory and metabolic processes influencing the BOLD signal and conclude that because oxygen consumption decreases proportionately more than blood flow in sleep, the resulting decrease in paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin accounts for the increase in mean global BOLD signal.

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