Of British Representational Practices in the Age of Capitalism/Territorialism (1743-1776)

The issue addressed in this essay is how the notion of history was altered by the embedding of commerce into the discursive field of eighteenth-century Britain. Even though current eighteenth-century, and Enlightenment, studies draw attention to historiographic questions challenging traditional modes of periodization, the methods by which we acquire and organize knowledge, or the extent to which accounts of the eighteenth century have been driven by the imperatives of the times, this project argues that one historiographic issue that has been significantly underplayed is a different concept of history produced in eighteenth-century Britain by the fundamental operation of mercantile society, its logic of exchange, and the predominance of trade within it. David Hume and Adam Smith’s historiographic trajectory was obscured (and, ultimately, eliminated) by the scientific or materialist notion of history advanced in nineteenth-century historiography.

“What the One Thing Shows Me in the Case of Two Things”: Comparison as Essential to a Proper Academic Study of Religion

Comparison is a fundamental operation in the milieu of the remarkable abilities of human beings to transcend themselves in acts of perception and the accumulation of knowledge. Comparison is holding together things that are at once the same and different. The very possibility of the copresence of same and different, of is and is not, is a gift of human biology and evolution. Humans compare because it is our distinctive nature to do so. Academics have the added responsibility of being self-aware, self-reflective, and articulate when comparing. This article develops a rich theory of comparison in conjunction with detailed reflections on late nineteenth century encounters of European-Australians and Aborigines in Central Australia. The intent is to advance our understanding of comparison and also to articulate in the practical terms of method what is involved in comparison, arguing most generally that comparison is of the fabric of any proper study of religion.

Design of Low Power Multiplier With Less Area Using Quaternary Carry Increment Adder for New-Fangled Processors

Multiplication is one of the basic functions in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. Multiplier plays an important role in Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), which is a critical element in the processors. The efficiency of the multiplier takes part a crucial task in the execution of the processor. The performance of the multiplier depends on the adder circuit. The addition operation is the fundamental operation used in most of the digital circuits. Power, delay and area are the main issues in VLSI circuits. Efficiency of a VLSI circuit can be improved by rectifying any of these issues. Quaternary Signed Digits (QSD) placed on adders have better efficiency when compared to traditional binary logic. QSD based Carry Look Ahead (CLA) Adder is used to increase the efficiency with reference to power and delay. The proposed method uses Quaternary Carry Increment Adder in order to improve the power and reduce the delay of the existing Quaternary Carry Look Ahead Adder. Tanner EDA is the simulation tool used to design the circuits and the power, delay and power-delay product of the designed circuits are measured using it.

Application of parameters screening in the design of switched reluctance motor

The fundamental operation of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) is arguably the simplest and most eloquent of all the universe of rotary electromagnetic machines. Contrast the elementary operation and construction, with the highly non-linear effects that the material properties and geometrical construction of the core add to the design process. A consequence of these complexities, the efficient performance of an SRM requires an insight intensive, multivariable and highly iterative design process. For completeness, a literature survey is offered which presents a detailed review of three key papers that were instrumental in furthering the understanding of concepts, as related to; the fundamental operation, modeling and prediction methods and objective based design for the switched reluctance motor. In addition, two complete sections are reserved to review the fundamental concepts of the magnetic theory and the principles of SRM operation and design. From this review of theory and the available literature, it is clear that in order to reduce the complexity of the multivariable optimization problems associated with the complex SRM design, a method is required that can identify the significant variables in order to remove the non-significant variables from the objective functioni this is commonly referred to parameter screening. This screening process can be facilitated by using factorial design, which is a powerful tool that can be used to test several variables simultaneously in order to determine their significance. The factorial design methodology was applied to a switched reluctance motor, whereby the design parameters were individually screened for their contribution towards the starting torque, aligned/unaligned flux-linkage and the RMS stroke torque. Due to the complexity, sheer number and likely interaction of the critical variables associated with SRM design, a method is described wherein the interaction and criticality of the interactions are sorted through an iterative process; whereby, the least important variables and interactions are weeded out so that the more critical variables and interactions can be studied and rated as to their importance to the outcome of the design process. important variables and interactions are weeded out so that the more critical variables and interactions can be studied and rated as to their importance to the outcome of the design process.

Application of parameters screening in the design of switched reluctance motor

The fundamental operation of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) is arguably the simplest and most eloquent of all the universe of rotary electromagnetic machines. Contrast the elementary operation and construction, with the highly non-linear effects that the material properties and geometrical construction of the core add to the design process. A consequence of these complexities, the efficient performance of an SRM requires an insight intensive, multivariable and highly iterative design process. For completeness, a literature survey is offered which presents a detailed review of three key papers that were instrumental in furthering the understanding of concepts, as related to; the fundamental operation, modeling and prediction methods and objective based design for the switched reluctance motor. In addition, two complete sections are reserved to review the fundamental concepts of the magnetic theory and the principles of SRM operation and design. From this review of theory and the available literature, it is clear that in order to reduce the complexity of the multivariable optimization problems associated with the complex SRM design, a method is required that can identify the significant variables in order to remove the non-significant variables from the objective functioni this is commonly referred to parameter screening. This screening process can be facilitated by using factorial design, which is a powerful tool that can be used to test several variables simultaneously in order to determine their significance. The factorial design methodology was applied to a switched reluctance motor, whereby the design parameters were individually screened for their contribution towards the starting torque, aligned/unaligned flux-linkage and the RMS stroke torque. Due to the complexity, sheer number and likely interaction of the critical variables associated with SRM design, a method is described wherein the interaction and criticality of the interactions are sorted through an iterative process; whereby, the least important variables and interactions are weeded out so that the more critical variables and interactions can be studied and rated as to their importance to the outcome of the design process. important variables and interactions are weeded out so that the more critical variables and interactions can be studied and rated as to their importance to the outcome of the design process.

Grasping with kirigami shells

The ability to grab, hold, and manipulate objects is a vital and fundamental operation in biological and engineering systems. Here, we present a soft gripper using a simple material system that enables precise and rapid grasping, and can be miniaturized, modularized, and remotely actuated. This soft gripper is based on kirigami shells—thin, elastic shells patterned with an array of cuts. The kirigami cut pattern is determined by evaluating the shell’s mechanics and geometry, using a combination of experiments, finite element simulations, and theoretical modeling, which enables the gripper design to be both scalable and material independent. We demonstrate that the kirigami shell gripper can be readily integrated with an existing robotic platform or remotely actuated using a magnetic field. The kirigami cut pattern results in a simple unit cell that can be connected together in series, and again in parallel, to create kirigami gripper arrays capable of simultaneously grasping multiple delicate and slippery objects. These soft and lightweight grippers will have applications in robotics, haptics, and biomedical device design.

An Advanced Image Processing Prototype for Corrosion Finding Using Image Processing

The main objective of the research work is to recognize the rust of the substance with the help of Image Processing. The recognition of the rust portion of an image is carried out by quantizing of image in matrix form. The quantization process helps to perform the fundamental operation on image and also helps to identify the desired oxidation portion of an image. The corrosion portion was identified through the threshold operation, edge detection and segmentation. Threshold value assists to describe the types of the rust. Further the abrupt modification of colour in the images was captured by the edge detection method. Consequently partitioning of an image find the colour changes in the oxidized image. The corrosion portion was recognized by combining the edge recognition and partitioning process. Finally recommended methods provide the 98% accuracy to detect the rust.

Anomalous diffraction of matter waves with minimal quantum metasurfaces

In the last few years, there is a huge upsurge in the number of closed deals regarding quantum technologies for materials, computing, communication and instrumentation. Such a trend has inevitably affected the research funding market; thus, large state initiatives are taken that are directly expected to drive the formulation of novel research concepts and the development of quantum device prototypes from sensors and circuitry to quantum memory and repeaters. A fundamental operation behind all these applications is the effective steering of electrons, constituting matter waves, along specific directions and with certain magnitudes, due to development of various reflective and refractive orders. The objective of this study is to optimize the simplest structure that supports such anomalous diffraction, namely a quantum metasurface comprising cylindrical rods embedded in suitable crystalline matter. Several highly-performing designs from these minimal setups are proven to work exceptionally as multiport components, employable to a variety of quantum engineering implementations.