Cardiac Potassium Channel Subtypes: New Roles in Repolarization and Arrhythmia

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Schmitt ◽  
Morten Grunnet ◽  
Søren-Peter Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Early Repolarization ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Repolarization Reserve ◽  
The Individual

About 10 distinct potassium channels in the heart are involved in shaping the action potential. Some of the K+channels are primarily responsible for early repolarization, whereas others drive late repolarization and still others are open throughout the cardiac cycle. Three main K+channels drive the late repolarization of the ventricle with some redundancy, and in atria this repolarization reserve is supplemented by the fairly atrial-specific KV1.5, Kir3, KCa, and K2Pchannels. The role of the latter two subtypes in atria is currently being clarified, and several findings indicate that they could constitute targets for new pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation. The interplay between the different K+channel subtypes in both atria and ventricle is dynamic, and a significant up- and downregulation occurs in disease states such as atrial fibrillation or heart failure. The underlying posttranscriptional and posttranslational remodeling of the individual K+channels changes their activity and significance relative to each other, and they must be viewed together to understand their role in keeping a stable heart rhythm, also under menacing conditions like attacks of reentry arrhythmia.

Role of Metoprolol Succinate in the Treatment of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. e183-e193
Author(s):  
Dragos Vinereanu ◽  
Jindrich Spinar ◽  
Atul Pathak ◽  
Dariusz Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Metoprolol Succinate

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 Could Be a Potential Prognostic Factor in Ambulatory Elderly Patients with Stable Heart Failure: Results from a Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Marina Povar-Echeverría ◽  
Pablo Esteban Auquilla-Clavijo ◽  
Emmanuel Andrès ◽  
Francisco Javier Martin-Sánchez ◽  
María Victoria Laguna-Calle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Potential Prognostic Factor ◽  
Fundamental Phenomenon ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Inflammation is a fundamental phenomenon in heart failure, but the prognostic or therapeutic role of markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) has not yet been clarified. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical profile of patients with elevated IL-6 and determine if they have worse clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective c.ohort observational study including 78 patients with heart failure followed up at the Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic of the Internal Medicine Department. IL-6 was determined in all patients, who were then assigned into two groups according to IL-6 level (normal or high). Clinical and prognostic data were collected to determine the differences in both groups. Results: The average age was 79 years, 60% female. A total of 53.8% of the patients had elevated IL-6 (group 2). Patients with elevated IL-6 presented more frequently with anemia mellitus (64.3% vs. 41.7%; p = 0.046), atrial fibrillation (83.3% vs. 61.9% p = 0.036), dyslipidemia (76.2% vs. 58.2%; p = 0.03), higher creatinine levels (1.35 mg/dL vs. 1.08 mg/dL; p = 0.024), lower glomerular filtration rate (43.6 mL/min/m2 vs. 59.9 mL/min/m2; p = 0.007), and anemia 25% vs. 52.4% p = 0.014. The factors independently associated with the increase in IL-6 were anemia 3.513 (1.163–10.607) and renal failure 0.963 (0.936–0.991), p < 0.05. Mortality was higher in the group with elevated IL-6 levels (16% vs. 2%; p = 0.044) with a log-rank p = 0.027 in the Kaplan–Meier curve. Conclusion: Patients with heart failure and elevated IL-6 most often have atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, anemia, and renal failure. In addition, mortality was higher and a tendency of higher hospital admission was observed in stable HF patients with elevated IL-6.

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HEART RATE CONTROL IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. E735
Author(s):  
Savina Nodari ◽  
Marco Triggiani ◽  
Laura Lupi ◽  
Alessandra Manerba ◽  
Giuseppe Milesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Abstract MP03: Plasma Sphingolipids and Risks of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽  
Paul N Jensen ◽  
Barbara McKnight ◽  
Andrew Hoofnagle ◽  
Irena B King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study

Introduction: Ceramides and sphingomyelins (sphingolipids) are circulating lipids involved in multiple physiological pathways relevant to heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), including apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Experimental studies suggest that sphingolipids with different saturated fatty acids exhibit different biological activities, but their relationships with HF and AF are unknown. Hypothesis: Higher levels of plasma ceramide and sphingomyelin that contain the fatty acid 16:0 are associated with higher risks of HF and AF; and higher levels of ceramides and sphingomyelins that contain the fatty acid 20:0, 22:0 or 24:0 are associated with lower risks. Methods: We measured sphingolipids in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in plasma samples from 1994-95 (N=4026) or from 1992-93 (N=586). We assessed the separate associations of the levels of 8 sphingolipids with risks of incident HF and incident AF using Cox regression. A p-value threshold of 0.006 was used to account for multiple testing. Results: Among 4,612 participants, 1179 incident HF and 1198 incident AF occurred during >40,000 person-years of follow-up. In adjusted analyses, higher levels of Cer-16 (ceramide with 16:0) and SM-16 (sphingomyelin with 16:0) were associated with higher risk of incident HF, but not with risk of incident AF (Table). In contrast, higher levels of Cer-20, Cer-22 and Cer-24 were each associated with lower risk of AF, but not with risk of HF. Higher levels of SM-20, SM-22, and SM-24 tended to be associated with lower risks of AF and HF, with only the association of SM-20 with AF significant. Conclusions: Plasma levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin with 16:0 show different associations with HF and AF than species with 20:0, 22:0 or 24:0. Associations of Cer-16 and SM-16 specifically with higher risk of HF may be due to a role of apoptosis in HF. The novel findings that Cer-20, Cer-22, and Cer-24 are associated with lower risk of AF warrant further examination of the role of these sphingolipids in protecting from AF.

scholarly journals Pathological consequences of the unfolded protein response and downstream protein disulphide isomerases in pulmonary viral infection and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chamberlain ◽  
Vikas Anathy
Keyword(s):  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Bond Rearrangement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

Abstract Protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exists in a delicate balance; perturbations of this balance can overload the folding capacity of the ER and disruptions of ER homoeostasis is implicated in numerous diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR), a complex adaptive stress response, attempts to restore normal proteostasis, in part, through the up-regulation of various foldases and chaperone proteins including redox-active protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). There are currently over 20 members of the PDI family each consisting of varying numbers of thioredoxin-like domains which, generally, assist in oxidative folding and disulphide bond rearrangement of peptides. While there is a large amount of redundancy in client proteins of the various PDIs, the size of the family would indicate more nuanced roles for the individual PDIs. However, the role of individual PDIs in disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The following review briefly discusses recent findings of ER stress, the UPR and the role of individual PDIs in various respiratory disease states.

scholarly journals Role of Monocytes in Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Shahid ◽  
Gregory Y.H. Lip ◽  
Eduard Shantsila
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document