Cold-Induced Thermoregulation and Biological Aging

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA FLOREZ-DUQUET ◽  
ROGER B. McDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Florez-Duquet, Maria, and Roger B. McDonald. Cold-Induced Thermoregulation and Biological Aging. Physiol. Rev. 78: 339–358, 1998. — Aging is associated with diminished cold-induced thermoregulation (CIT). The mechanisms accounting for this phenomenon have yet to be clearly elucidated but most likely reflect a combination of increased heat loss and decreased metabolic heat production. The inability of the aged subject to reduce heat loss during cold exposure is associated with diminished reactive tone of the cutaneous vasculature and, to a lesser degree, alterations in the insulative properties of body fat. Cold-induced metabolic heat production via skeletal muscle shivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue nonshivering thermogenesis appears to decline with age. Few investigations have directly linked diminished skeletal muscle shivering thermogenesis with the age-related reduction in cold-induced thermoregulatory capacity. Rather, age-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and metabolic activity are cited as evidence for decreased heat production via shivering. Reduced mass, GDP binding to brown fat mitochondria, and uncoupling protein (UCP) levels are cited as evidence for attenuated brown adipose tissue cold-induced nonshivering thermogenic capacity during aging. The age-related reduction in brown fat nonshivering thermogenic capacity most likely reflects altered cellular signal transduction rather than changes in neural and hormonal signaling. The discussion in this review focuses on how alterations in CIT during the life span may offer insight into possible mechanisms of biological aging. Although the preponderance of evidence presented here demonstrates that CIT declines with chronological time, the mechanism reflecting this attenuated function remains to be elucidated. The inability to draw definitive conclusions regarding biological aging and CIT reflects the lack of a clear definition of aging. It is unlikely that the mechanisms accounting for the decline in cold-induced thermoregulation during aging will be determined until biological aging is more precisely defined.

scholarly journals Plasticity of non-shivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue in high-altitude deer mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren Z. Coulson ◽  
Cayleih E. Robertson ◽  
Sajeni Mahalingam ◽  
Grant B. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Hypoxia Acclimation ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

High altitude environments challenge small mammals with persistent low ambient temperatures that require high rates of aerobic heat production in face of low O2 availability. An important component of thermogenic capacity in rodents is non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mediated by uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in brown adipose tissue (BAT). NST is plastic, and capacity for heat production increases with cold acclimation. However, in lowland native rodents, hypoxia inhibits NST in BAT. We hypothesize that highland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) overcome the hypoxic inhibition of NST through changes in BAT mitochondrial function. We tested this hypothesis using lab born and raised highland and lowland deer mice, and a lowland congeneric (P. leucopus), acclimated to either warm normoxia (25°C, 760 mmHg) or cold hypoxia (5°C, 430 mmHg). We determined the effects of acclimation and ancestry on whole-animal rates of NST, the mass of interscapular BAT (iBAT), and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 protein expression. To identify changes in mitochondrial function, we conducted high-resolution respirometry on isolated iBAT mitochondria using substrates and inhibitors targeted to UCP-1. We found that rates of NST increased with cold hypoxia acclimation but only in highland deer mice. There was no effect of cold hypoxia acclimation on iBAT mass in any group, but highland deer mice showed increases in UCP-1 expression and UCP-1 stimulated mitochondrial respiration in response to these stressors. Our results suggest that highland deer mice have evolved to increase the capacity for NST in response to chronic cold hypoxia, driven in part by changes in iBAT mitochondrial function.

Brown adipose tissue development in the ovine foetus during the final month of gestation

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
L. Clarke ◽  
S. van de Waal ◽  
M. A. Lomax ◽  
M. E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

In the ovine foetus brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly found in the perirenal region and grows rapidly relative to body weight between 70 to 120 days of gestation (Alexander, 1978). After this stage only a small amount of BAT growth occurs in comparison with that of the whole foetus, and in the case of undernutrition may decline (Alexander, 1978). Maternal cold stress, induced by winter shearing twin-bearing pregnant ewes 8 weeks before parturition improves lamb birth weight and lamb growth rate independently of effects on maternal food intake (Symonds, Bryant and Lomax, 1986 and 1990). At the same time this can stimulate the in vivo capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis in newborn lambs (Stott and Slee, 1985). The following study extends these findings by investigating the extent to which changing the maternal metabolic environment influences BAT development over the final month of gestation.Thirty-two Bluefaced Leicester × Swaledale ewes were housed individually at ambient temperature (−6 to 19°C) 6 weeks prior to lambing and 2 weeks later 15 ewes were shorn. Ewes were offered daily a diet comprising 200 g barley concentrate and 1 kg chopped hay. Between 116 and 145 days of gestation and within 2 h of birth ewes were humanely slaughtered with an overdose of barbiturate and foetal or neonatal perirenal BAT sampled, born from shorn or unshorn ewes. The thermogenic capacity of BAT was assessed by guanosine-5′-diphosphate (GDP) binding to uncoupling protein in mitochondrial preparations (Cooper, Dascombe, Rothwell and Vale, 1989) and the amount of mitochondrial protein measured from cytochrome Coxidase activity.

Effect of environmental temperature on brown adipose tissue development in the neonatal lamb

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
C. J. Darby ◽  
S. van de Waal ◽  
M. A. Lomax ◽  
M. E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

A major financial and welfare problem is the loss of 1 to 4 million lambs annually in the United Kingdom (Slee, 1979) with many of these deaths being caused by failure of the lamb to maintain normal thermoregulatory responses in the cold. This may be associated with a change in the response to cold exposure from non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) to shivering thermogenesis (ST) as brown adipose tissue (BAT) is replaced by white adipose tissue over the first 2 weeks of life in the lamb (Symonds, Andrews and Johnson, 1989).It has been shown that environmental temperature can affect BAT development in the lamb (Gemmel, Bell and Alexander, 1972) and calf (Casteilla, Champigny, Bouilland, Robelin and Riquier, 1989) but it is not known what effect this has on the thermogenic capacity of BAT or how it may alter the ability of the lamb to thermoregulate.This study investigated the effect of artificially rearing lambs at warm or cold ambient temperatures on the thermogenic capacity of BAT and the extent to which metabolic rate and the ability to respond to warm and cold challenges was altered by these treatments over the first 9 days of life.

scholarly journals Pros and cons for the evidence of adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis in marsupials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jastroch ◽  
Elias T. Polymeropoulos ◽  
Michael J. Gaudry
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

AbstractThe thermogenic mechanisms supporting endothermy are still not fully understood in all major mammalian subgroups. In placental mammals, brown adipose tissue currently represents the most accepted source of adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis. Its mitochondrial protein UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) catalyzes heat production, but the conservation of this mechanism is unclear in non-placental mammals and lost in some placentals. Here, we review the evidence for and against adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis in marsupials, which diverged from placentals about 120–160 million years ago. We critically discuss potential mechanisms that may be involved in the heat-generating process among marsupials.

Non-shivering Thermogenesis and Brown Adipose Tissue in the Human New-born Infant

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 206 (4980) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. R. DAWKINS ◽  
J. W. SCOPES
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
New Born ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis
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