scholarly journals Bacterial Meningitis in HIV-Infected Patients: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Robert Tommasini ◽  
Ignatius W Fong
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Cell Defect ◽  
Uncommon Complication

Meningitis is not an uncommon complication of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Purulent meningitis is not a well recognized infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. Three cases of bacterial meningitis caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidisandListeria monocytogenesare presented. These cases illustrate that common community organisms may present in HIV positive patients. An acquired B cell defect may predispose to bacterial infections responsible for meningitis in HIV-infected patients.

The Impact of Routine HTLV-III Antibody Testing on Public Health

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-318
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

The appearance of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has brought suffering and death to those who are afflicted and, at the same time, has posed daunting challenges to those who care for the sufferers, to biomedicai scientists, and to those responsible for public health and public policy. Among these challenges is the protection of the nation's blood supply from contamination by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),1 the causative agent of AIDS. This challenge was met rapidly by the development of laboratory tests to detect the presence of antibody against the virus. The application of these tests makes it possible to determine whether the person has been infected by the virus at some time and thus to exclude persons from donating blood or to discard blood already donated. In the past 15 months, the widespread application of these tests along with self-deferral and removal of HIV-positive subjects from the pool of donors has sharply reduced the likelihood of the virus being spread by way of blood products.

scholarly journals Modeling TB-HIV Syndemic and Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana J. Silva ◽  
Delfim F. M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be considered a deadly human syndemic. In this paper, we formulate a model for TB and HIV transmission dynamics. The model considers both TB and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment for individuals with only one of the two infectious diseases or both. The basic reproduction number and equilibrium points are determined and stability is analyzed. Through simulations, we show that TB treatment for individuals with only TB infection reduces the number of individuals that become coinfected with TB and HIV/AIDS and reduces the diseases (TB and AIDS) induced deaths. Analogously, the treatment of individuals with only AIDS also reduces the number of coinfected individuals. Further, TB treatment for coinfected individuals in the active and latent stage of TB disease implies a decrease of the number of individuals that passes from HIV-positive to AIDS.

AIDS and the podiatric medical practice

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 420-427
Author(s):  
JD Tinkle
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Sterile Technique ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

The number of patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has increased to the point that every podiatric physician in this country will be treating patients who are HIV positive, knowingly or not. Podiatric physicians continue to be part of the medical team that must bear responsibility for the rapid changes in HIV education. Attention must be focused on educating physicians about all aspects of this disease, especially the primary and secondary diseases of AIDS and new treatments and their side effects. Sterile technique and universal precautions have now taken on new importance.

scholarly journals Risky sexual behaviour and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among healthcare workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Khamisa ◽  
Maboe Mokgobi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Background: South Africa is known to have one of the highest prevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) globally, with one in seven healthcare workers being HIV-positive. An HIV-positive healthcare workforce is less equipped to respond to the increasing spread of the epidemic.Objectives: Assessment of the factors contributing to high HIV prevalence rates among healthcare workers is important in planning the development of human resources. This review sought to identify and understand predominant risky sexual behaviours among healthcare workers in HIV and AIDS-affected countries.Methods: This study reviewed articles focusing on sexual behaviour among healthcare workers. Major health science databases (e.g. ProQuest, Cochrane, PubMed and CINAHL) were searched for combinations of keywords including ‘healthcare workers’, ‘risky sexual behaviour’ and ‘HIV and AIDS’. Articles from a range of countries met inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Findings of the study revealed three main contributing factors: unprotected sex, multiple sex partners and sexual violence. Sexual violence emerged as the dominant risk factor in the majority of the studies. Most research was conducted in developed countries where the HIV infection rate is much lower than it is in developing countries.Conclusion: More research needs to be conducted in developing countries and appropriate strategies should be implemented to reduce sexual violence among healthcare workers. Appropriate procedures on reporting sexual violence coupled with education on HIV and AIDS as well as influencing attitudes and belief systems could assist in reducing the spread of HIV and AIDS within the healthcare workforce while minimising the effect on patient care.

scholarly journals The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarckian?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burr ◽  
J. M. Hyman ◽  
Gerald Myers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) group M exhibit a remarkable similarity in their between–subtype distances, which we refer to as high synchrony. The shape of the phylogenetic tree of these subtypes is referred to as a sunburst to distinguish it from a simple star phylogeny. Neither a sunburst pattern nor a comparable degree of symmetry is seen in a natural process such as in feline immunodeficiency virus evolution. We therefore have undertaken forward–process simulation studies employing coalescent theory to investigate whether such highly synchronized subtypes could be readily produced by natural Darwinian evolution. The forward model includes both classical (macro) and molecular (micro) epidemiological components. HIV–1 group M subtype synchrony is quantified using the standard deviation of the between–subtype distances and the average of the within–subtype distances. Highly synchronized subtypes and a sunburst phylogeny are not observed in our simulated data, leading to the conclusion that a quasi–Lamarckian, punctuated event occurred. The natural transfer theory for the origin of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cannot easily be reconciled with these findings and it is as if a recent non–Darwinian process took place coincident with the rise of AIDS in Africa.

Operation “Denver”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-80
Author(s):  
Douglas Selvage
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Soviet Leader ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
State Security ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
East German ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Abstract This second part of a two-part article moves ahead in showing how the East German Ministry for State Security (Stasi) came to play a key role in the disinformation campaign launched by the Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) in 1983 regarding the origins of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The KGB launched the campaign itself, but in the mid-1980s it sought to widen the effort by enlisting the cooperation of intelligence services in other Warsaw Pact countries, especially the Stasi. From the autumn of 1986 until November 1989, the Stasi played a central role in the disinformation campaign. Despite pressure from the U.S. government and a general inclination of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to curtail the campaign by the end of 1987, both the KGB and the USSR's official Novosti press agency continued until 1989 to spread false allegations that HIV was a U.S. biological weapon. Even after the KGB curtailed its disinformation in 1989, the Stasi continued to disseminate falsehoods, not least because it had successfully maintained plausible deniability regarding its role in the campaign. The Stasi worked behind the scenes to support the work of Soviet–East German scientists Jakob Segal and Lilli Segal and to facilitate dissemination of the Segals’ views in West Germany and Great Britain, especially through the leftwing media, and to purvey broader disinformation about HIV/AIDS by attacking U.S. biological and chemical weapons in general.

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