When the Past is Lost: Focal Retrograde Amnesia. Focus on the“Functional” Form

SynopsisIt has been suggested that amnesic patients suffer a selective loss of episodic memory while semantic memory remains well preserved. To assess the validity of this idea we studied remote memory in an amnesic patient, (M.R.L.), using several different measures that differ in the extent which they engage episodic or semantic memory. On two different versions of the Albert et al. (1979) remote memory battery M.R.L. displayed severe retrograde amnesia (RA) extending backwards in time for about 15 years with excellent preservation of older memories. With standard recall instructions his overall performance on the Crovitz test of autobiographical memory was impaired and all of M.R.L.'s specific, temporally dated memories were given from the first half of life. When asked to reconstruct his past residential history in detail, M.R.L. provided specific and generally accurate information for residences occupied from his boyhood until 1970, but thereafter his memory became quite unreliable. On a test of knowledge of terms commonly employed the surveying profession, in which he worked for the past 20 years, M.R.L.'s performance was also impaired. The consistent pattern of RA displayed by this patient on all of the tests of remote memory indicates that both episodic and semantic memory are impaired in amnesia.

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Isolated and Focal Retrograde Amnesia: A Hiatus in the Past.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1620/tjem.193.57 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Atsushi Yamadori ◽

Kyoko Suzuki ◽

Masumi Shimada ◽

Takashi Tsukiura ◽

Takahiro Morishima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrograde Amnesia ◽

The Past

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Remembering and Knowing the Past: A Case Study of Isolated Retrograde Amnesia

Cortex ◽

10.1016/s0010-9452(97)80010-x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 143-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Gianfranco Dalla Barba ◽

Maria Cristina Mantovan ◽

Emilia Ferruzza ◽

Gianfranco Denes

Keyword(s):

Retrograde Amnesia ◽

The Past

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Modification of memory systems: some neurobiological aspects

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics ◽

10.1017/s0033583500000871 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 163-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

James L. McGaugh ◽

Steven F. Zornetzer ◽

Paul E. Gold ◽

Philip W. Landfield

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Retrograde Amnesia ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Memory Systems ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

The Past ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Experimental Treatments

The findings of clinical and experimental studies conducted over the past 25 years provide extensive evidence that in both laboratory animals and man memory can be modified by treatments which affect the central nervous system. Patients with head injuries may suffer from retrograde amnesia, a loss of memory for experiences which occur just prior to the onset of the injury. Findings of laboratory studies using animal subjects indicate that retrograde amnesia can be produced by a wide variety of experimental treatments.

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Heterologous Complementation of SPO11-1 and -2 Depends on the Splicing Pattern

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22179346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (17) ◽

pp. 9346

Author(s):

Thorben Sprink ◽

Frank Hartung

Keyword(s):

Functional Form ◽

Strand Break ◽

Developmental Phase ◽

Specific Function ◽

Aberrant Splicing ◽

The Past ◽

Splicing Pattern ◽

Global Understanding ◽

Species Specific ◽

Spatiotemporal Localization

In the past, major findings in meiosis have been achieved, but questions towards the global understanding of meiosis remain concealed. In plants, one of these questions covers the need for two diverse meiotic active SPO11 proteins. In Arabidopsis and other plants, both meiotic SPO11 are indispensable in a functional form for double strand break induction during meiotic prophase I. This stands in contrast to mammals and fungi, where a single SPO11 is present and sufficient. We aimed to investigate the specific function and evolution of both meiotic SPO11 paralogs in land plants. By performing immunostaining of both SPO11-1 and -2, an investigation of the spatiotemporal localization of each SPO11 during meiosis was achieved. We further exchanged SPO11-1 and -2 in Arabidopsis and could show a species-specific function of the respective SPO11. By additional changes of regions between SPO11-1 and -2, a sequence-specific function for both the SPO11 proteins was revealed. Furthermore, the previous findings about the aberrant splicing of each SPO11 were refined by narrowing them down to a specific developmental phase. These findings let us suggest that the function of both SPO11 paralogs is highly sequence specific and that the orthologs are species specific.

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A New Functional Form For Estimating Lorenz Curves

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v1i5.3014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Sharif Hossain ◽

Chikayoshi Saeki

Keyword(s):

Functional Form ◽

Grouped Data ◽

Font Size ◽

Data Set ◽

Lorenz Curves ◽

The Past ◽

Household Expenditure Survey ◽

Functional Forms ◽

The Lorenz Curve ◽

Distribution Of Income

The Lorenz curve is a most powerful tool in the analysis of the size distribution of income and wealth. In the past decades, many authors have proposed different functional forms for estimating Lorenz curves from grouped data. Most of the functional forms do not fit the data very well for estimating Lorenz curves. That is why, in this paper we proposed a new functional form for estimating Lorenz curves, which provides very good fits?with compared to other functional forms, see for example, Kakwani's and Podder's (1973, 76), Rasche's et all (1980), Kakwani's (1980), Gupta's (1984), and Ortega's (1991) functional forms.  On the basis of the new functional form, we derived the formulae of the Gini, Kakwani, and Chakravarty inequality indices. Empirical verification of the theoretical construct has been done based on the data set from BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) publications, "Household Expenditure Survey" corresponding to different years.

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A New Functional Form For Estimating Lorenz Curves

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v1i1.2959 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharif Hossain ◽

Chikayoshi Saeki

Keyword(s):

Functional Form ◽

Grouped Data ◽

Font Size ◽

Data Set ◽

Lorenz Curves ◽

The Past ◽

Household Expenditure Survey ◽

Functional Forms ◽

The Lorenz Curve ◽

Distribution Of Income

The Lorenz curve is a most powerful tool in the analysis of the size distribution of income and wealth. In the past decades, many authors have proposed different functional forms for estimating Lorenz curves from grouped data. Most of the functional forms do not fit the data very well for estimating Lorenz curves. That is why, in this paper we proposed a new functional form for estimating Lorenz curves, which provides very good fits?with compared to other functional forms, see for example, Kakwani's and Podder's (1973, 76), Rasche's et all (1980), Kakwani's (1980), Gupta's (1984), and Ortega's (1991) functional forms.  On the basis of the new functional form, we derived the formulae of the Gini, Kakwani, and Chakravarty inequality indices. Empirical verification of the theoretical construct has been done based on the data set from BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) publications, "Household Expenditure Survey" corresponding to different years.

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