Remote memory in a patient with amnesia due to hypoxia

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Beatty ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
Nancy Bernstein ◽  
Nelson Butters
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Remote Memory ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Test Of Knowledge

SynopsisIt has been suggested that amnesic patients suffer a selective loss of episodic memory while semantic memory remains well preserved. To assess the validity of this idea we studied remote memory in an amnesic patient, (M.R.L.), using several different measures that differ in the extent which they engage episodic or semantic memory. On two different versions of the Albert et al. (1979) remote memory battery M.R.L. displayed severe retrograde amnesia (RA) extending backwards in time for about 15 years with excellent preservation of older memories. With standard recall instructions his overall performance on the Crovitz test of autobiographical memory was impaired and all of M.R.L.'s specific, temporally dated memories were given from the first half of life. When asked to reconstruct his past residential history in detail, M.R.L. provided specific and generally accurate information for residences occupied from his boyhood until 1970, but thereafter his memory became quite unreliable. On a test of knowledge of terms commonly employed the surveying profession, in which he worked for the past 20 years, M.R.L.'s performance was also impaired. The consistent pattern of RA displayed by this patient on all of the tests of remote memory indicates that both episodic and semantic memory are impaired in amnesia.

Developmental roots of episodic memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Developmental Course

AbstractTwo arguments imply that Mahr & Csibra's (M&C's) functional theory is insufficient as an explanation of episodic memory: (1) The developmental course supports a different social cultural division of episodic and semantic memory, and (2) the existence of long-term autobiographical memory is not explained in the functional theory but can be seen in a broader cultural framework.

scholarly journals Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: a first–person approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1413) ◽  
pp. 1351-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Autonoetic Consciousness

Episodic memory is identified with autonoetic consciousness, which gives rise to remembering in the sense of self–recollection in the mental re–enactment of previous events at which one was present. Autonoetic consciousness is distinguished from noetic consciousness, which gives rise to awareness of the past that is limited to feelings of familiarity or knowing. Noetic consciousness is identified not with episodic but with semantic memory, which involves general knowledge. A recently developed approach to episodic memory makes use of ‘first–person’ reports of remembering and knowing. Studies using this approach have revealed many independent variables that selectively affect remembering and others that selectively affect knowing. These studies can also be interpreted in terms of distinctiveness and fluency of processing. Remembering and knowing do not correspond with degrees of confidence in memory. Nor does remembering always control the memory response. There is evidence that remembering is selectively impaired in various populations, including not only amnesic patients and older adults but also adults with Asperger's syndrome. This first–person approach to episodic memory represents one way in which that most elusive aspect of consciousness, its subjectivity, can be investigated scientifically. The two kinds of conscious experiences can be manipulated experimentally in ways that are systematic, replicable and intelligible theoretically.

scholarly journals Patterns of Autobiographical Memory Loss in Medial-Temporal Lobe Amnesic Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shayna Rosenbaum ◽  
Morris Moscovitch ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster ◽  
David M. Schnyer ◽  
Fuqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Severe Loss ◽  
Precise Quantification

The issue of whether the hippocampus and related structures in the medial-temporal lobe (MTL) play a temporary or permanent role in autobiographical episodic memory remains unresolved. One long-standing belief is that autobiographical memory (AM), like semantic memory, is initially dependent on the MTL but ultimately can be retained and recovered independently of it. However, evidence that hippocampal amnesia results in severe loss of episodic memory for a lifetime of personally experienced events suggests otherwise. To test the opposing views, we conducted detailed investigations of autobiographical episodic memory in people with amnesia resulting from MTL lesions of varying extent. By combining precise quantification of MTL and neocortical volumes with sensitive measures of recollection of one's personal past, we show that the severity of episodic, but not semantic, AM loss is best accounted for by the degree of hippocampal damage and less likely related to additional neocortical compromise.

Autobiographical memory in multiple sclerosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. PAUL ◽  
CARLOS R. BLANCO ◽  
KAREN A. HAMES ◽  
WILLIAM W. BEATTY
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Remote Memory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Normal Controls

Studies have consistently found that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are impaired on tests of anterograde memory, but the status of remote memory in MS remains unclear. To better understand remote memory in MS we administered the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) to 44 MS patients and 19 normal controls matched for age, education, and gender. Additionally, a shortened version of the Famous Faces Test, a test of recall of past U.S. presidents, and a 14-word learning list were administered. Patients performed significantly lower than controls on the learning list and Famous Faces Test, but not on recall of past presidents. On the AMI, patients were significantly impaired on recall of semantic but not of episodic memories. These results indicate that MS patients exhibit retrograde amnesia that cannot be attributed to anterograde memory deficits or lack of exposure to task-relevant information. (JINS, 1997, 3, 246–251.)

Autobiographical Memory in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1076-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Gascoigne ◽  
Mary Lou Smith ◽  
Richard Webster ◽  
Belinda Barton ◽  
Deepak Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control

AbstractAutobiographical memory involves the recall of personal facts (semantic memory) and re-experiencing of specific personal events (episodic memory). Although impairments in autobiographical memory have been found in adults with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and attributed to compromised hippocampal integrity, it is not yet known whether this occurs in children with TLE. In the current study, 21 children with TLE and 24 healthy controls of comparable age, sex, and socioeconomic status were administered the Children's Autobiographical Interview. Compared to controls, children with TLE recalled fewer episodic details, but only when no retrieval prompts were provided. There was no difference between the groups for semantic autobiographic details. Interestingly, the number of episodic details recalled increased significantly from 6 to 16 years of age in healthy control children, but not in children with TLE. Exploratory analyses revealed that, within the group of children with TLE, epilepsy factors, including presence or absence of structural hippocampal abnormalities, did not relate to the richness of episodic recall. Our results provide first evidence of autobiographical episodic memory deficits in children with TLE. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Retrograde amnesia with transposition in the past: A neuropsychological and PET study of a case.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Dorothée Pouliquen ◽  
Mathieu Chastan ◽  
Evangéline Bliaux ◽  
Gaël Nicolas ◽  
Olivier Martinaud
Keyword(s):  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
The Past

Parent–Child Construction of Personal Memories in Reminiscing Conversations: Implications for the Development and Treatment of Childhood Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Childhood Psychopathology ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Emotion Competence ◽  
Critical Skills ◽  
Clinical Populations ◽  
Parent Child

Strong theory and research implicates parent–child conversations about the past in the child’s development of critical skills, including autobiographical memory and understanding of emotion and minds. Yet very little research has focused on associations between reminiscing and the development of childhood psychopathology. This chapter considers what is known about reminiscing between parents and children where there is anxiety or conduct problems. These findings provide clues as to how children come to manifest difficulties in autobiographical memory and emotion competence. Thereafter, the text reviews studies that have attempted to alter the style and content of parent–child reminiscing in clinical populations. The full implications of parent–child reminiscing, as a rich context for children’s development, have yet to be realized in clinically relevant research.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Information ◽  
John Bale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
John Leland ◽  
Monastic Libraries

Reformers in England saw losses as well as gains in the Reformation. John Leland and John Bale recorded the contents of monastic libraries. Matthew Parker recovered manuscripts from the past. The Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries, comprised of lawyers, scholars, and country gentlemen, developed methods of ascertaining accurate information about the past. William Camden, the author of Annals of Elizabeth (1615, Latin) and Britannia (1586, Latin), wrote a new kind of history: dispassionate, based on reliable evidence, and concerned with changes in society. Fifty years after Camden’s lifetime, Thomas Fuller followed methods and approaches that the antiquaries and their successors employed, while developing ideas very much his own.

Combined Memory Training: An Approach for Episodic Memory Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2S) ◽  
pp. 920-932
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Cochran D'Angelo ◽  
Beth A. Ober ◽  
Gregory K. Shenaut
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Wait List Control Group ◽  
Wait List Control

Purpose The study aimed to test a combination of semantic memory and traditional episodic memory therapies on episodic memory deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury. Method Twenty-five participants who had been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and had episodic memory deficits were randomly assigned either to a combined memory treatment group ( n = 16) or to a wait-list control group ( n = 9). Before and after treatment, they completed standardized neuropsychological testing for episodic memory and related cognitive domains, including the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the University of Southern California Repeatable Episodic Memory Test, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence–Second Edition Matrices, the Test of Everyday Attention, the Memory Assessment Clinics Self-Rating Scale, the Expressive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition, and the Story Recall subtest from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. In addition to a traditional episodic memory therapy, the treatment group received a novel semantic memory–focused therapy, which involved participants finding meaningful connections between diverse concepts represented by sets of two or three words. Results The treatment group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in memory for list learning tasks, and there was a significant difference from pretest to posttest between the treatment group and the wait-list control group. Clinical significance was demonstrated for the treatment group using minimally important difference calculations. Conclusion Combined memory therapy resulted in significant improvements in episodic memory, semantic memory, and attention, in comparison to no treatment. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14049968

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