Agri-Farm Tourism in Region IV-A: Basis for a Proposed Development Plan

Agri-Farm tourism in Region IV-A is very evident because of its rich farm lands. It is an indication that it gets to produce jobs and income to its people and the community at large. In order to develop sustainable Agri-farm tourism in Region IV-A, the study suggested variety of projects, strategies and activities to be implemented contributing to the environmental, cultural, social and economic growth of the area that is reflected through a development plan. The study was conducted to determine what are the products, services, marketing activities and linkages in Agri-farm tourism in Region IV-A, and assess its economic contributions to the region, as well as its capability to be sustainable. Likewise, the researcher come up with any recommendations that will improve the products, services, marketing activities and linkages of Agri-farm tourism in the region and will contribute to its possible sustainability based or anchored purely from the results of the study. The descriptive method of research was employed in this study. The respondents such as farm owners, Local Government Unit employees and visitors were randomly chosen and asked to answer the survey questionnaire about their perceptions on the products, services, marketing activities, linkages and the problems encountered in the selected Agri-Farm Tourism sites located in Region IV-A. Responses were analyzed using percentage, weighted mean, Analysis of Variance, Ranking, and to assess whether there is a significant difference in the responses of the three groups of respondents, use the t-test (Grouped Data).The results showed that the respondents looked for a more sustainable products, services, marketing activities and linkages. In the acceptability of the Development Plan, it was found to be highly acceptable by the respondents and can be implemented by the Agri-farm tourism owners for sustainable development. These results suggest that owners and the management should consider improving the Agri-farm tourism business with strong emphasis on the products, services, marketing activities and linkages to attain higher assessment rating from Very Good to Excellent. The Proposed Development Plan may be adopted by the Agri-Farm Tourism planners, farm owners and Local Government Unit employees should give emphasis on Agri-farm Tourism offer as to products and services, extent of marketing and linkages, and its sustainability to keep the Agri-farm tourism business.

Estimating Gini Coefficient from Grouped Data Based on Shape-Preserving Cubic Hermite Interpolation of Lorenz Curve

The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient are widely used to describe inequalities in many fields, but accurate estimation of the Gini coefficient is still difficult for grouped data with fewer groups. We proposed a shape-preserving cubic Hermite interpolation method to approximate the Lorenz curve by maximizing or minimizing the strain energy or curvature variation energy of the interpolation curve, and a method to estimate the Gini coefficient directly from the coefficients of the interpolation curve. This interpolation method can preserve the essential requirements of the Lorenz curve, i.e., non-negativity, monotonicity, and convexity, and can estimate the derivatives at intermediate points and endpoints at the same time. These methods were tested with 16 grouped quintiles or unequally spaced datasets, and the results were compared with the true Gini coefficients calculated with all census data and results estimated with other methods. Results indicate that the maximum strain energy interpolation method generally performs the best among different methods, which is applicable to both equally and unequally spaced grouped datasets with higher precision, especially for grouped data with fewer groups.

Estimation of Parameters of Pert Distribution by Using Method of Moments

The method of moments has been widely used for estimating the parameters of a distribution. Usually lower order moments are wont to find the parameter estimates as they're known to possess less sampling variability. The method of moments may be a technique for estimating the parameters of a statistical model. It works by finding values of the parameters that end in a match between the sample moments and therefore the population moments (as implied by the model). the Method of moment Estimator is used to find out Estimates the parameters of PERT Distribution. We also compare equispaced and unequispaced Optimally Constructed Grouped data by the method of an Asymptotically Relative Efficiency. We also computed Average Estimate (AE), Variance (VAR), Standard Deviation (STD), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), Simulated Error (SE) and Relative Absolute Bias (RAB) for both the parameters under grouped sample supported 1000 simulations to assess the performance of the estimators. Keywords: Method of Moments, PERT Distribution, equispaced and unequipped Optimal Grouped sample

Innovation from sport's entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship: opportunities from a systematic review

PurposeThe main aim of this study was to analyze and establish the state of the question about entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in sport, identify the role of innovation in both of them, as well as to determine the latest study trends and detect possible research niches.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, SPORTDiscus and Dialnet databases was performed. The analysis of the selected texts allowed categorizing the entrepreneurship articles into subthemes: precursors of entrepreneurship, intention/orientation of entrepreneurship, different perspectives of entrepreneurship in sport and social entrepreneurship in sport. Of the 49 texts included in the review, only seven articles dealt with intrapreneurship, and they could not be classified into subtopics because the studies are scarce, diverse and with disparate themes.FindingsThe main findings show deficiencies in research on precursors/antecedents of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial behavior, especially in relation to innovation, the importance of the political perspective on entrepreneurship in sport and formulation of behavior training programs for intrapreneurs.Originality/valueThis paper provides valuable and global information about entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in sport, of which there were scattered or grouped data in some reviews.

Learnings from a Lesson Study in Using Discovery Learning in Teaching the Mean of Grouped Data

This paper probes, through a Lesson Study, how discovery learning and contextualized problems can be employed in teaching the mean of grouped data. The research lesson was implemented Grade 7 students of a national high school in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines. Through thematic analysis, three issues emerged from conducting the Lesson Study: (1) making meaning about the data in context fosters students’ mathematical understanding; (2) translating 21st century learning in the classroom with technical topics like the mean of group data can be done by shifting the focal point of the lesson on its importance and applications in life; and (3) identifying the critical points of a lesson is an indispensable process that teachers need to undergo in designing learning activities that promote 21st century learning and relevant to the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study demonstrated how Lesson Study is an effective professional development intervention that allows teachers to view the learning process in a wider perspective, strengthen their skills in designing efficacious lessons, and bring forth change in their teaching practices via reflective stances on lessons.

Diferentes análises estatísticas podem levar a conclusões categoricamente distintas

[PORTUGUESE ABSTRACT] Neste estudo, demonstramos como significância estatística pode variar a partir da comparação de quatro métodos distintos: teste t, ANOVA (seguida de Tukey HSD), modelo linear simples, e modelo linear de efeitos mistos. Em nossa demonstração, modelamos tempos de reação em função de diferentes afixos em dinamarquês, e mostramos como nossas conclusões a respeito do efeito de certos afixos podem mudar categoricamente dependendo de qual dos métodos mencionados acima decidimos utilizar. Por fim, reiteramos o que dizem estudos recentes, e sugerimos que modelos de efeitos mistos devam ser a norma sempre que dados agrupados forem analisados. Esperamos, com este estudo, alertar pesquisadores da área para a importância de decisões analíticas bem informadas e éticas em estudos linguísticos.[ENGLISH ABSTRACT] In this study, we illustrate the potential variability of statistical significance by comparing four different methods, namely, t-test, ANOVA (followed by Tukey HSD), simple linear regression, and mixed effects linear regression. In our demonstration, we model reaction times as a function of different affixes in Danish, and show how our conclusions regarding the effect of certain affixes can change categorically depending on which of the aforementioned methods we choose to use. Finally, we echo recent studies and suggest that mixed effects models be the norm whenever grouped data is analyzed. With our comparison, we hope to raise researchers’ awareness to the need for well-informed and ethical analytical decisions in linguistic studies.