scholarly journals Estrification of Acetic Acid with Isoamyl Alcohol over Expandable Graphite Catalyst

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yan Pang ◽  
Pu Lv ◽  
Yi-Shuang Yang ◽  
Hai-Li Ren ◽  
Fei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions

The catalysis of expandable graphite for esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol has been studied. Expandable graphite was prepared with three different methods. In esterification reaction, the influences of catalyst amount, materials ratio, reaction time, prepared method of the expandable graphite on esterification reaction were discussed. X-ray diffraction spectrum of expandable graphite testified the existence of H2SO4intercalation reaction. Through L9(34) orthogonal experiment, optimum esterification reaction conditions were gained as: n(isoamyl alcohol):n(acetic acid)=1.5:1, w(catalyst with a expandable volume of 290 mL•g-1) = 7.5% total amount of materials, reaction time 1.5 h, and temperature keeping at the boiling point. Yield of isoamyl acetate reachs 96.0%. It was testified that expandable graphite was a kind of effective catalyst in the esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol.

Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2411-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

Catalytic Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]•8H2O Supported Activated Carbon with Waugh Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Mei Xu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Feng Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

The synthesis of isoamyl acetate with ammonium 9-molybdate manganese heteropolyacid salt supported activated carbon as catalyst was studied. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: isoamyl alcohol to acetic acid molar ratio = 1.646, the weight of catalyst is 40% of total weigh, m (acidulate catalyst)=0.2g, m (water carrying reagent toluene) = 3ml, reaction time is about 63 minutes. Selectivity is 100% and conversion rate is 89.48%.

scholarly journals Esterification of acetic acid with alcohol isoamyl in the presence of enzymatic catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Nádia Ligianara Nyari ◽  
Alessandro Rogerio Paulazzi ◽  
Raquel Vera Zamadei ◽  
Jamile Zeni ◽  
Rogério Marcos Dallago
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
Immobilized Catalyst ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
Enzymatic Catalyst

The Candida antarctica Lipase B immobilized on polyurethane catalysed esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol in mechanical and ultrasonic system in a system solvent-free, was studied. The maximum esterification of isoamyl acetate used immobilized catalyst was the highest esterification, 666.05 U/g with 19 cycles of reuse after 360 minutes of reaction time in mechanical system and 1319.48 U/g was observed and 14 cycles de reuse after 60 minutes of reaction time in ultrasound system. Thus, the process was considered efficient with significant reduction of the reaction time, low instrumental requirements and improve the bioprocess performance. Until now, there were no studies available in the open literature in relation to the ester synthesis catalyzed by immobilized Lipase in polyurethane as support in the ultrasound system. In addition, considered an environmentally correct and economically viable technology, it can be used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food industry.

Catalytic Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate by Diatomite Supported Waugh-Type (NH4)6[MnMo9O32] •8H2O

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Shu Heng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Benzyl Acetate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

Take Waugh-Type (NH4)6[MnMo9O32] •8H2O absorbed on diatomite and prepared supported solid catalyst. The properties of the catalyst were studied through the synthesis of benzyl acetate. The appropriate reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal test: mole ratio of acetic acid to benzyl alcohol was 2.5:1.0, the catalyst dosage was 1.6g, the water carrying agent toluene dosage was 2.5ml, reaction time was 150min, esterification yield was 87.4%. The catalyst are high catalytic activity and non- polluting, and could be reused.

Catalytic Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate by Ion Exchange Resin-Supported (NH4)6[MnMo9O32] • 8H2O with Waugh Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xia Wang ◽  
Shu Heng Liu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Lin Lin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Ion exchange resin-supported (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]8H2O with Waugh structure is used to prepare supported solid catalyst. Performance of this catalyst is researched by means of synthesis of isoamyl acetate. Optimal reaction conditions determined by orthogonal experiment are as follows: acid-alcohol molar ratio is 2.5:1, reaction time is 120 min, catalyst dosage is 0.8 g, dosage of water-carrying agent is 2.5 ml, esterification yield reaches 95.1%. This catalyst is characterized by high catalytic efficiency, easy separation and recovery, absence of environmental pollution and being reusable, etc.

Preparation of Isoamyl Acetate by Reaction-Distillation Using Ionic Liquid as Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu Li ◽  
Hong Yan Tao ◽  
Run Ze Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Azeotropic Point ◽  
Extracting Agents

In this thesis, isoamyl acetate was synthesized by reaction-distillation , using acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol as starting materials, using acid ion-liquid as catalyst and extracting agent.These are some factors were investigated, including different catalysts, ratio between acid and alcohol, amount of Ion-Liquid, and reflux ratio. Technology to prepare iso-pentyl acetate was optimized with single factor experiments. Results showed that acid ion-liquids are good catalysts and extracting agents, which increased the purity and yield of iso-pentyl acetate, as well as diminished the azeotropic point of iso-pentyl acetate and acetic acid.The optimal technological conditions are as following: ratio of acid:alcohol 2:1 (mol), dosage of ion-liquid V = 2 mL, reflux ratio R = 2.5. Under this condition, purity of obtained iso-pentyl acetate is 99%, and the yield is 85%.

scholarly journals Effect of reaction parameters on WOx nanostructures by the solvothermal process

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Amelia Olivas Sarabia ◽  
Marlene N Cardoza-Contreras ◽  
Gonzalo Lastra Medina ◽  
Marcos Alan Cota Leal ◽  
Selene Sepúlveda Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this work, nanowires and nanorods of WOx have been synthesized by the solvothermal method. The effect of reaction time and acetic acid as solvent were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the monoclinic WO2.72, WO2.79, and orthorhombic WO3 crystalline structures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy (HRTEM) images presented nanostructures such as nanowires and nanorods at different sizes. Band gap energies were supplied by Ultra Violet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited three emission peaks in the blue zone at 440, 460, and 484 nm. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to calculate W6+, W5+, and W4+ oxidation states. The results showed that increasing the reaction time from 10 h to 24 h affected the crystalline structure from monoclinic to orthorhombic. Moreover, with the addition of acetic acid as solvent, the crystal structure is not affected but stabilizes the monoclinic phase in the course of time.

scholarly journals Catalytic Behaviors of Expansible Graphite in the Synthesis of Butyl Acetate

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yan Pang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ester Yield ◽  
Esterification Rate ◽  
Acid Dosage

The catalysis of expandable graphite EG for esterification has been studied. EG was prepared with KMnO4as oxidant and H2SO4as inserting reagent. Eexpanded volume，x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive analysis for EG were carried, and its catalytic activity was detected in the reaction of acetic acid with butanol. Influence of mole ratio of butanol and acetic acid, dosage of EG on ester yield were optimumed single factor experiments. The suitable esterification condition is: molar ratio of butanol to acetic acid keeps 1.6:1.0, mass of EG keeps 9.0% of the total mass of reactants; reaction keeping up 1.0 h at the boling point, and esterification rate of 98.2% can be achieved. The reuse ester yield is 86.6% for first reuse and 61.2% for the second reuse.

scholarly journals Novel and facile synthesis of transparent-monolithic TiO2 gels by sol-gel method based on an esterification reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kais Elghniji ◽  
Zohra Anna-Rabah ◽  
Elimame Elaloui
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
External Water

AbstractTransparent TiO2 monoliths were obtained through a modified sol-gel route from titanium isopropoxide as a precursor. By controlling the hydrolysis of this precursor through the intermediate of esterification reaction between acetic acid and isopropanol at 40 °C, transparent TiO2 xerogel monoliths were obtained. The monoliths prepared by this method were transparent in the wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested that the acetic acid played also an active role as a chelating agent, forming Ti[(OH)y(OOCCH3)x] less reactive species. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous-to-anatase phase transformation with the formation of unknown Ti-containing complex at 90 °C. Only anatase TiO2 could be observed in the samples calcined at 250 °C and 450 °C. Optical aspects of the gel (transparent-transluscent transformation of monolithic gel) and gelation time were controlled by changing the amount of external water.

An Efficient Method for Preparing Carboxymethyl Chitosan by the Activation of Chitosan

2013 ◽  
Vol 645 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Fang Min Situ ◽  
Yan Peng Jiao ◽  
Chang Ren Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystallization Properties ◽  
Before And After

To improve carboxymethylation reaction, chitosan as reactant was activated to change its morphology and compact structure. The crystallization properties of chitosan before and after activation were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Different preparation methods were compared using activated, powdery or flake chitosan as reactants, respectively. And the influences of reaction time and temperature on the yield, the intrinsic viscosity and the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl chitosan were also investigated. We found that, the activation treatment changed the crystallization properties of chitosan, which greatly accelerated the subsequent carboxymethylation reaction; and higher yield of carboxymethyl chitosan with considerable intrinsic viscosity was obtained under the reaction conditions of a shorter time and a milder temperature.

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