scholarly journals Serum Amyloid Alpha in Parapneumonic Effusions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagelis Boultadakis ◽  
Vasilis Skouras ◽  
Demosthenes Makris ◽  
Aggeliki Damianaki ◽  
Dimitrios J. Nikoulis ◽  
...  

Study objectives. To assess serum amyloid alpha (SAA) pleural fluid levels in parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and to investigate SAA diagnostic performance in PPE diagnosis and outcome.Methods. We studied prospectively 57 consecutive patients with PPE (empyema (EMP), complicated (CPE), and uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UPE)). SAA, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were evaluated in serum and pleural fluid at baseline. Patients were followed for 6-months to detect pleural thickening/loculations.Results. Pleural SAA levels (mg/dL) median(IQR) were significantly higher in CPE compared to UPE (P<0.04); CRP levels were higher in EMP and CPE compared to UPE (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α level in different PPE forms. No significant association between SAA levels and 6-month outcome was found. At 6-months, patients with no evidence of loculations/thickening had significantly higher pleural fluid pH, glucose levels (P=0.03), lower LDH (P=0.005), IL-1β levels (P=0.001) compared to patients who presented pleural loculations/thickening.Conclusions. SAA is increased in complicated PPE, and it might be useful as a biomarker for UPE and CPE diagnosis. SAA levels did not demonstrate considerable diagnostic performance in identifying patients who develop pleural thickening/loculations after a PPE.

PRILOZI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Petrusevska Marinkovic ◽  
Irena Kondova Topuzovska ◽  
Milena Stevanovic ◽  
Ankica Anastasovska

Abstract Introduction: Parapneumonic effusions, as a complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), usually have a good course, but they sometimes progress into complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE) and empyema, thus becoming a significant clinical problem. Aim: To review clinical and radiological features, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic options in parapneumonic effusions. Material and methods: The analysis included 94 patients with parapneumonic effusion hospitalized at the University Infectious Diseases Clinic in Skopje during a 4 year period. Out of 755 patients with CAP, 175 (23.18%), had parapneumonic effusion. Thoracentesis was performed in 94 (53.71%) patients, 50 patients were with uncomplicated parapneumonic effusions (UCPPE) and 44 with complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPPE). Results: More patients (59.57%) were male; the average age was 53.82±17.5 years. The most common symptoms included: fever (91; 96.81%), cough (80; 85.11%), pleuritic chest pain (68; 72.34%), dyspnea (65; 69.15%). Alcoholism was the most common comorbidity registered in 12 (12.77%) patients. Macroscopically, effusion was yellow and clear in most cases (36; 38.29%). Localization of pleural effusion was often in the left costophrenic angle (53; 56.38%) and ultrasonographic non-septated complex. Between the two groups of effusions there was a significant difference between the ERS, WBC and CRP in serum and CRP in pleural fluid. Statistical difference existed in terms of days of hospitalization with a longer hospital stay for patients with CPPE (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with parapneumonic effusion have the symptoms of acute respiratory infection and frequent accompanying diseases. Future diagnostic and therapeutic treatment depends on pleural fluid features and imaging lung findings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-548
Author(s):  
Rania A. Hamed ◽  
Heba A. Elmalt ◽  
Abeer A. A. Salama ◽  
Safaa M. Hammouda ◽  
Eman R. Youness ◽  
...  

Many authors have suggested the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and inflammation through various mechanisms among which increased serum cytokines.30 newly diagnosed ADHD children, aged 6-12and of both sexes were collected from outpatient clinic, Psychiatry Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital and a matched control group of 30 children. They were subjected to Clinical assessment, Whechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised & serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were determined. There was statistical significant difference between patient and control groups regarding MMP-2 level (648.50 ± 81.94 vs 344.13 ± 32.02), MMP-9 level (143.00±16.98 vs 102.90 ± 4.13) & TNF-α level (345 ± 7.1.vs 202 ± 22.3). Hyperactive/impulsive subtype represented 16(53.3%), Inattentive subtype represented 6(20%), Combined subtype represented 8(26.7%) of the ADHD group. MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were all higher among the Hyperactive/impulsive subtype, followed by thecombined subtype then the Inattentive subtype with high statistical significant difference. A high statistical significant difference was found in all subscales of Conners' scale among the 3 subtypes of ADHD. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α level and age, whereas, a negative correlation exists between MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α level and IQ. In addition, correlation was found between MMP-2, MMP-9 levels and cognitive problems, TNF-α level and inattention.Our study illustrates the co-occurrence of inflammatory process and ADHD, but further studies on larger sample are needed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Muhammad Diah ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Aznan Lelo ◽  
Zulfikri Muhktar ◽  
Dharma Lindarto ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an important primary pro-inflammatory cytokine, has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Since the pathophysiological mechanism of coronary slow flow (CSF) is not fully understood, we investigated the level of TNF-α in coronary artery disease (CAD), CSF and healthy subjects.METHODS: This study was conducted in cross-sectional design involving 16 CAD, 18 CSF and 18 healthy subjects. Coronary angiography was recorded at the left anterior oblique, cranial, right anterior oblique, caudal, and horizontal positions. The flow in coronary arteries of the subjects were assessed using Thrombolysis in the Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Peripheral blood-derived serum was collected and level of TNF-α was determined by using highly sensitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: No significant difference in level of TNF-α in CAD, CSF and healthy subjects (2.72±2.64 pg/mL, 1.88±0.8 pg/mL, 1.64±0.35 pg/mL, respectively) (p=0.087). In addition, there was no correlation between the concentration of TNF-α and TIMI frame count (r<0.2, p>0.05).CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference of TNF-α level in CAD, CSF and healthy subjects. In addition, there was no correlation between the TNF-α level with TIMI frame count as well. Nevertheless, further clinical studies with more subjects are needed.KEYWORDS: TNF-alpha, coronary artery disease, coronary slow flow 


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
K. Chaika ◽  
N. Makieieva

PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IL-8 AND TNFα IN HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA IN CHILDREN Chaika K., Makieieva N. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) belongs to a group of systemic vasculitis with predominant damage to small caliber vessels (EULAR/Pres, 2006). Difficulties in diagnosis in the early stages and the likelihood of developing complications leaves HSP in the top of the current issues of pediatrics today. Kidney damage is observed in 20-50% of patients with HSP and leads to complications. In recent years, the question of prognostic markers of progression of HSP remains open. The study involved examination of total of 83 HSP patients aged between 2 and 17, divided into two groups: patients with HSP without nephrotic syndrome (HSPWN, n = 58.35 of which were boys and 23 - girls) and a group of patients with HSP with renal syndrome (HSPN, n = 25.14 of them boys and 11 girls) in acute and remission periods. The Kraskal-Wallis analysis recorded a highly statistically significant H criterion for IL-8 in the acute period (H = 17.421, p = 0.0002) and the remission period (H = 13.035, p = 0.0015). IL-8 levels in both groups of patients with HSP WN and HSPN were significantly higher in the acute period than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0002, respectively). No significant difference was found between the medians in both periods regarding TNF-α level (H = 4.136, p = 0.1264; H = 0.133, p = 0.9356). In the group HSPN in the acute phase, a high IL-8 level in serum has been recorded compared to the group HSPWN. There was no significant difference in TNF-α level in both groups. Keywords: children, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Ig-A vasculitis, nephritis.   Абстракт ПРОЗАПАЛЬНІ ЦИТОКІНИ IL-8 ТА TNFα У ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ПУРПУРОЮ ШЕНЛЯЙН-ГЕНОХА Чайка Х., Макєєва H. Пурпура Шенлейна-Геноха (ПШГ) відноситься до групи системних васкулітів з переважним пошкодженням судин малого калібру (EULAR / Pres, 2006). Труднощі в діагностиці на ранніх стадіях та ймовірність розвитку ускладнень залишають ПШГ в числі актуальних проблем педіатрії сьогодні. Ураження нирок спостерігається у 20-50% пацієнтів з ПШГ і призводить до ускладнень. В останні роки питання прогностичних маркерів прогресування ПШГ залишається відкритим. Обстежено 83 пацієнта з ПШГ у віці від 2 до 17 років, які були розділені на дві групи: пацієнти з ПШГ без нефротичного синдрому (ПШГБН, n = 58, 35 з яких були хлопчики і 23 - дівчатка) і група пацієнтів із ПШГ з нирковим синдромом (ПШГН, n = 25, з них 14 хлопчиків і 11 дівчаток) в періоди загострення і ремісії. Аналіз Краскала-Уолліса зареєстрував високий статистично значимий критерій H для IL-8 в гострому періоді (H = 17,421, p = 0,0002) і періоді ремісії (H = 13,035, p = 0,0015). Рівні IL-8 в обох групах пацієнтів з ПШГБН і ПШГН були значно вище в гострому періоді, ніж у контрольній групі, і різниця була статистично значущою (p = 0,0004 і p = 0,0002, відповідно). Не було виявлено суттєвих відмінностей між медіанами в обидва періоди щодо рівня TNF-α (H = 4,136, p = 0,1264; H = 0,133, p = 0,9356). У групі ПШГН в гострій фазі був зафіксований високий рівень IL-8 в сироватці в порівнянні з групою ПШГБН. Не було значної різниці в рівні TNF-α в обох групах. Ключові слова: Ig-A васкуліт, діти, пурпура Шенлейна-Геноха, нефрит.   Абстракт ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЦИТОКИНЫ IL-8 И TNFα У ДЕТЕЙ С ПУРПУРОЙ ШЕНЛЕЙН-ГЕНОХА Чайка K., Макеева H. Пурпура Шенлейн-Геноха (ПШГ) относится к группе системных васкулитов с преимущественным повреждением сосудов малого калибра (EULAR / Pres, 2006). Трудности в диагностике на ранних стадиях и вероятность развития осложнений оставляют ПШГ в числе актуальных проблем педиатрии сегодня. Поражение почек наблюдается у 20-50% пациентов с ПШГ и приводит к осложнениям. В последние годы вопрос о прогностических маркерах прогрессирования ПШГ остается открытым. Обследовано 83 пациента с ПШГ в возрасте от 2 до 17 лет, которые были разделены на две группы: пациенты с ПШГ без нефротического синдрома (ПШГБН, n = 58, 35 из которых были мальчики и 23 - девочки) и группа пациенты с ПШГ с почечным синдромом (ПШГН, n = 25, из них 14 мальчиков и 11 девочек) в периоды обострения и ремиссии. Анализ Краскала-Уоллиса зарегистрировал высокий статистически значимый критерий H для IL-8 в остром периоде (H = 17,421, p = 0,0002) и периоде ремиссии (H = 13,035, p= 0,0015). Уровни IL-8 в обеих группах пациентов с ПШГБН и ПШГН были значительно выше в остром периоде, чем в контрольной группе, и разница была статистически значимой (p = 0,0004 и p = 0,0002, соответственно). Не было обнаружено существенных различий между медианами в оба периода в отношении уровня TNF-α (H = 4,136, p = 0,1264; H = 0,133, p = 0,9356). В группе ПШГН в острой фазе был зафиксирован высокий уровень IL-8 в сыворотке по сравнению с группой ПШГБН. Не было значительного различия в уровне TNF-α в обеих группах. Ключевые слова: Ig-A васкулит, дети,пурпура Шенлейн-Геноха, нефрит.  


2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Saekhu ◽  
Hilman Mahyuddin ◽  
Tegus A.S. Ronokusumo ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro

Background: The outcome of patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH) is unsatisfactory. Inflammatory response secondary to brain injury as well as those resulted from surgical procedure were considered responsible of this outcome. This study was intended to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of tigecycline by measuring TNF-α level and its neuroprotective effect as represented by inhospital mortality rate.Methods: Patients with SSICH who were prepared for hematoma evacuation were randomized to receive either tigecycline (n=35) or fosfomycine (n=37) as prophylactic antibiotic. TNF-α level was measured in all subjects before surgery and postoperatively on day-1 and day-7. A repeated brain CT Scan was performed on postoperative day-7. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and length of stay (LOS) were recorded at the time of hospital discharge. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Chi square test. Relative clinical effectiveness was measured by calculating the number needed to treat (NNT).Results: There was a significant difference regarding the proportion of subject who had  reduced TNF-α level on postoperative day-7 between the groups receiving tigecycline and fosfomycine (62% vs 29%, p=0.022). Decrease brain edema on CT control (86% vs 80%, p=0.580). Tigecycline administration showed a tendency of better clinical effectiveness in lowering inhospital mortality (17% vs 35%; p=0.083; OR=0.49; NNT=5) and worse clinical outcome / GOS ≤ 2 (20% vs 38% ; p=0.096; OR=0.41; NNT=6). LOS ≥ 15 hari ( 40% vs 27%; p=0.243; OR=1.81; NNT=8).Conclusion: Tigecycline showed anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. These activities were associated with improved clinical outcome in patients with SSICH after hematoma evacuation.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Chiti ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Izadi ◽  
Saeideh Mazloomzadeh

Insulin resistance in gestational diabetes increases maternal and fetal complications. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory factor associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the association between pregnancy serum TNF-α level and postpartum insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. 50 pregnant women, including 25 cases of gestational diabetes and 25 healthy pregnant women, were evaluated. First, during the third trimester of pregnancy, serum TNF-α level of all cases were measured. Two months after delivery, based on the obtained results from insulin levels and a 2-hour glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were calculated, and the association between serum TNF-α level and insulin resistance was determined. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square test in SPSS software. The mean serum level of TNF-α in women with gestational diabetes mellitus was higher than healthy subjects, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The serum level of insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B indices in women with gestational diabetes mellitus were higher than healthy subjects, with a significant difference in all of the measures between two groups (P=0.0001). There was no significant correlation between TNF-α and HOMAIR levels in insulin-resistant mothers two months after delivery (r=−0.33). Also, no significant correlation was detected between pregnancy TNF-α levels and HOMA-B index. Despite the higher serum levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B in the diabetic group, the serum TNF-α level did not show any correlation with insulin resistance after delivery.


Author(s):  
V.S. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
A.S. Prilutskii ◽  
K.Y. Tkachenko ◽  
◽  
...  

Актуальность. Фактор некроза опухоли(TNF-α) является провоспалительным цитокином, продуцирующимся макрофагами и многими другими клетками. Данные о вариации концентрацииTNF-α во влаге передней камеры глаза у лиц, не имеющих выраженных воспалительных и аутоиммунных процессов практически единичны. Цель. Исследование диапазона вариации фактора некроза опухоли альфа во влаге передней камеры глаза у пациентов с возрастной катарактой. Материал и методы. Отобраны и обследованы 33 пациента, в возрасте от 47 до 82 лет, госпитализированных для плановой экстракции катаракты не имеющих выраженных сопутствующих воспалительных заболеваний (аутоиммунных, острых инфекционных болезней, обострением хронических заболеваний, глаукомы, перенесенного увеита и др.). Влага передней камеры забиралась при вскрытии передней камеры глаза во время факоэмульсификации катаракты. Исследование TNF-αпроводилось с помощью иммуноферментны хтест-систем, разработанных при участии сотрудников кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и эндокринологии ГОО ВПО «ДонНМУ им.М. Горького». Вышеуказанные тест-системы характеризует высокая чувствительность (0,5 пикограмм в миллилитре) и хорошая воспроизводимость. Результаты. При исследовании уровня TNF-αво влаге передней камеры глаза у пациентов с возрастной катарактой, мы выявили колебания данного показателя от 0 до 2,49 пкг/мл. Следует отметить, что полученные нами результаты показывают небольшую вариацию (в пределах низких значений) данного провоспалительного цитокина в исследованной жидкости у пациентов в возрасте от 47 до80 лет, не имеющих выраженной воспалительной(аутоиммунной и др.) патологии. Выводы. Показана низкая вариация TNF-α во влаге передней камеры глаза у пациентов с возрастной катарактой (у обследуемых исключена сопутствующая выраженная воспалительная патология). Результаты можно также использовать как контрольные при проведении сравнительныхисследований этого цитокина в данной среде у лицс различными заболеваниями глаза.


Author(s):  
Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef ◽  
Azhar Omaran Al-Thahab

A study was performed on 100 pregnant women in the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics of Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniya City during the period between (March to September 2016). One hundred blood samples (50 for patients and 50 for control) were collected under the supervision of the treating gynecologist. The detection of Helicobacter. pylori was done by the use of the serum antibody Rapid test. The results showed that 50 (100%) were positive and 50 (100%) were negative for H. pylori in above method.All blood of patients and control samples were used for the extraction of genomic DNA,where the 107 bp PCR product size. Genotyping of the TNF-α-308 SNP (G/A)was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR). PCR products were digested with restr NcoI iction enzyme. Individuals with the TNF-α-308(GG) homozygote produced digested DNA bands at 80,and 20 bp bp. A heterozygous genotype ofTNF-α-308 (GA)produced 107 bp,80 bp,and 20 bp bands. Individuals with the TNF-α-308 (AA) homozygote genotype had no amplicon digested and generated only one band of 107 bp. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the TNF-α-308(GG)genotype between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group(72%,78% respectively). Also for GA genotype,there was a significant difference between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group(24%,18% respectively). Concerning the frequency of the TNF-α-308 (AA)genotype between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group,there was no significant difference between the two groups.


2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hong ◽  
S.N. Min ◽  
Y.Y. Zhang ◽  
Y.T. Lin ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
...  

IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is a newly recognized immune-mediated systemic fibroinflammatory disease that affects salivary glands and leads to hyposalivation. Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) is a critical proinflammatory cytokine involved in several salivary gland disorders, but its role and mechanism regarding acinar cell injury in IgG4-RS are unknown. Here, we found that TNF-α level was significantly increased in serum and submandibular gland (SMG) of patients and that serum TNF-α level was negatively correlated with saliva flow rate. Ultrastructural observations of IgG4-RS SMGs revealed accumulation of large autophagic vacuoles, as well as dense fibrous bundles, decreased secretory granules, widened intercellular spaces, swollen mitochondria, and expanded endoplasmic reticulum. Expression levels of LC3 and p62 were both increased in patients’ SMGs. TNF-α treatment led to elevated levels of LC3II and p62 in both SMG-C6 cells and cultured human SMG tissues but did not further increase their levels when combined with bafilomycin A1 treatment. Moreover, transfection of Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B in SMG-C6 cells confirmed the suppression of autophagic flux after TNF-α treatment. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed that costaining of LC3 and the lysosomal marker LAMP2 was significantly decreased in patients, TNF-α–treated SMG-C6 cells, and cultured human SMGs, indicating a reduction in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, the ratio of pro/mature cathepsin D was elevated in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. TNF-α also appeared to induce abnormal acidification of lysosomes in acinar cells, as assessed by lysosomal pH and LysoTracker DND-26 fluorescence intensity. In addition, TNF-α treatment induced transcription factor EB (TFEB) redistribution in SMG-C6 cells, which was consistent with the changes observed in IgG4-RS patients. TNF-α increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 reversed TNF-α–induced TFEB redistribution, lysosomal dysfunction, and autophagic flux suppression. These findings suggest that TNF-α is a key cytokine related to acinar cell injury in IgG4-RS through ERK1/2-mediated autophagic flux suppression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghuan Bian ◽  
Changhao Liu ◽  
Zhaojiang Fu

Abstract Background Our study attempted to observe the value of periodontal curettage combined with root planing on moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods There involved 72 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients enrolled were randomly divided into four groups using a computer-generated table: root planing and periodontal curettage combined group (n = 18), root planning group (n = 18), periodontal curettage group (n = 18) and cleansing group (n = 18). Blood glucose, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), serum levels of inflammatory factors (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha [TNF- α] and hypersensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) were observed before and after treatment. The collecting dates were analyzed by the chi-square χ 2 test, repeated measurement analysis of variance, or t-test according to different data types and research objectives. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in PI, GI, PD and AL among the four groups (P> 0.05), while after 3-month treatment, the levels of PI, GI, PD and AL in the combined group were lower than those in the root planing group, periodontal curettage group and cleansing group, with both root planing group and periodontal curettage group significantly lower than cleansing group (P< 0.05). The fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the combined group, root planing group, periodontal curettage group and cleansing group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in TNF- α and hs-CRP among the four groups (P> 0.05), but the levels of TNF- α and hs-CRP in the four groups decreased significantly after 3-month treatment (P< 0.05). The levels of TNF- α and hs-CRP in the combined group were lower than those in the root planing group, periodontal curettage group and cleansing group, and those in the root planing group and periodontal curettage group were significantly lower than those in the cleansing group (P< 0.05). Conclusion The combination therapy of periodontal curettage and root planing exerted beneficial effects on moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which holds the potential to maintain the level of blood glucose and improve the quality of life of the patients.


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