scholarly journals IL-12 and Related Cytokines: Function and Regulatory Implications inCandida albicansInfection

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ashman ◽  
Dipti Vijayan ◽  
Christine A. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Mucosal Infection ◽  
Disseminated Disease

IL-12 is a cytokine with links to both innate and adaptive immunity systems. In mice, its deletion leads to acute susceptibility to oral infection with the yeastCandida albicans, whereas such mice are resistant to systemic disease. However, it is an essential component of the adaptive response that leads to the generation of Th1-type cytokine responses and protection against disseminated disease. This paper presents an overview of the role of IL-12 in models of systemic and mucosal infection and the possible relationships between them.

scholarly journals Development of an Orogastrointestinal Mucosal Model of Candidiasis with Dissemination to Visceral Organs

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2650-2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl V. Clemons ◽  
Gloria M. Gonzalez ◽  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Jackie Imai ◽  
Marife Espiritu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Mucosal Infection ◽  
Mucosal Candidiasis ◽  
Disseminated Disease

ABSTRACT Studies were done to develop a murine model that mimics the pattern of mucosal candidiasis followed by disseminated disease seen in patients given cytotoxic chemotherapy. Developmental studies showed that suppression of mice with 5-fluorouracil beginning 3 days prior to infection and given every 7 days thereafter necessitated antibacterial treatment but resulted in a reproducible model. Candida albicans given in the drinking water resulted in oral infection by day 3 that significantly increased from days 10 to 15 and mucosal infection with 4 to 7 log10 Candida CFU in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and cecum. Dissemination to livers occurred and was 100% on days 5 to 15; fewer animals had kidney infection. The median kidney or liver CFU were 2 or 3 log10 CFU, respectively, on day 15; despite this, mortality was low through 21 days of infection. As a demonstration of the utility of the model to test antifungal activity, daily treatment with 10 or 50 mg/kg itraconazole significantly reduced dissemination to the liver and kidneys and reduced tongue CFU compared to controls. Overall, these studies indicate that a nonlethal model of oral and gastrointestinal mucosal candidiasis with dissemination can be established in mice. Drug efficacy in treating localized infection and in preventing or treating disseminated infection can be studied.

ROLE OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN SUBJECTS WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Izar ◽  
Waleria Fonzar ◽  
Francisco Fonseca ◽  
Henrique Fonseca ◽  
Tuany P. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in immune function: The role of sex steroid hormones

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Anna Mihailova ◽  
Indrikis Krams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

There is evidence of the relation of sex steroid hormones and sexual dimorphism in immune system response to infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to identify the role of sex hormones in immune function and sexual dimorphism of immune reactions. Gonadal hormones together with the immune system play an important role in process of immune responses to the disease [1]. Estrogens, progesterone and testosterone have different impacts on immune cells and different gonadal hormones are of high importance for responses of innate and adaptive immunity [1, 2]. Estrogens mainly enhance immune function while testosterone has a suppressive role. Higher progesterone during pregnancy leads to autoimmune disease remission and an elevated susceptibility toward certain infectious diseases [2, 3, 4]. The intensity and prevalence of viral infections are typically higher in males, whereas disease outcome could be worse for females [5]. Sexual dimorphism of immune function is based on different concentrations of sex hormones in males and females and on a specific mediating role of these hormones in immune function and response along with differences in innate and adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals Role of IL-5 in Innate and Adaptive Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (8) ◽  
pp. 4544-4551 ◽  
Author(s):  
De’Broski R. Herbert ◽  
James J. Lee ◽  
Nancy A. Lee ◽  
Thomas J. Nolan ◽  
Gerhard A. Schad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

scholarly journals The Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Parkinson's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Kannarkat ◽  
Jeremy M. Boss ◽  
Malú G. Tansey
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-22 production in the rectal mucosa of nonceliac wheat sensitivity patients: role of adaptive immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. G281-G288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Mansueto ◽  
Diana Di Liberto ◽  
Francesca Fayer ◽  
Maurizio Soresi ◽  
Girolamo Geraci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Wheat Sensitivity

Nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a syndrome characterized by symptoms triggered by gluten intake. The pathogenesis is still uncertain. Studies have shown a role for innate immunity. We demonstrated that production of TNF-α by CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells and of IL-17 by CD4+ cells is higher in the rectal tissue of NCWS patients than in controls. We clearly demonstrated that in patients with NCWS there is a significant role for the adaptive response.

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