TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-22 production in the rectal mucosa of nonceliac wheat sensitivity patients: role of adaptive immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. G281-G288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Mansueto ◽  
Diana Di Liberto ◽  
Francesca Fayer ◽  
Maurizio Soresi ◽  
Girolamo Geraci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Wheat Sensitivity

Nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a syndrome characterized by symptoms triggered by gluten intake. The pathogenesis is still uncertain. Studies have shown a role for innate immunity. We demonstrated that production of TNF-α by CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells and of IL-17 by CD4+ cells is higher in the rectal tissue of NCWS patients than in controls. We clearly demonstrated that in patients with NCWS there is a significant role for the adaptive response.

scholarly journals The Role of TNF-α as a Proinflammatory Cytokine in Pathological Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Luciano B. Silva ◽  
Alexandrino P. dos Santos Neto ◽  
Sandra M.A.S. Maia ◽  
Carolina dos Santos Guimarães ◽  
Iliana L. Quidute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antigen Presenting

TNF-α is a member of the vast cytokine family being considered a proinflammatory substance produced many by macrophages and other cells belonging to the innate immunity, many of them classified as indeed Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) involved in the complex chemotactic process of activation of the adaptive immunity. The aim of this work was to accomplish a literature review concerning the main pathologies that have TNF-α as a modulating agent in other to bring light to the main interactions present in the inflammation installed.

scholarly journals Inducible Expression of Human β-Defensin 2 byFusobacterium nucleatum in Oral Epithelial Cells: Multiple Signaling Pathways and Role of Commensal Bacteria in Innate Immunity and the Epithelial Barrier

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2907-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit ◽  
Janet R. Kimball ◽  
Aaron Weinberg ◽  
Richard P. Darveau ◽  
Brian W. Bainbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Inducible Expression ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Human gingival epithelial cells (HGE) express two antimicrobial peptides of the β-defensin family, human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) and hBD-2, as well as cytokines and chemokines that contribute to innate immunity. In the present study, the expression and transcriptional regulation of hBD-2 was examined. HBD-2 mRNA was induced by cell wall extract of Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral commensal microorganism, but not by that of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen. HBD-2 mRNA was also induced by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an epithelial cell activator. HBD-2 mRNA was also expressed in 14 of 15 noninflamed gingival tissue samples. HBD-2 peptide was detected by immunofluorescence in HGE stimulated with F. nucleatum cell wall, consistent with induction of the mRNA by this stimulant. Kinetic analysis indicates involvement of multiple distinct signaling pathways in the regulation of hBD-2 mRNA; TNF-α and F. nucleatum cell wall induced hBD-2 mRNA rapidly (2 to 4 h), while PMA stimulation was slower (∼10 h). In contrast, each stimulant induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) within 1 h. The role of TNF-α as an intermediary in F. nucleatum signaling was ruled out by addition of anti-TNF-α that did not inhibit hBD-2 induction. However, inhibitor studies show that F. nucleatum stimulation of hBD-2 mRNA requires both new gene transcription and new protein synthesis. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides isolated from Escherichia coli andF. nucleatum were poor stimulants of hBD-2, although they up-regulated IL-8 mRNA. Collectively, our findings show inducible expression of hBD-2 mRNA via multiple pathways in HGE in a pattern that is distinct from that of IL-8 expression. We suggest that different aspects of innate immune responses are differentially regulated and that commensal organisms have a role in stimulating mucosal epithelial cells in maintaining the barrier that contributes to homeostasis and host defense.

scholarly journals The Long Pentraxin PTX3 Controls Klebsiella Pneumoniae Severe Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Asgari ◽  
Domenico Supino ◽  
Raffaella Parente ◽  
Nadia Polentarutti ◽  
Matteo Stravalaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Human Sepsis ◽  
Tnf Α

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen in human sepsis. The emergence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains represents a major clinical challenge in nosocomial and community acquired infections. The long pentraxin PTX3, a key component of humoral innate immunity, is involved in resistance to selected pathogens by promoting opsonophagocytosis. We investigated the relevance of PTX3 in innate immunity against K. pneumoniae infections using Ptx3-/- mice and mouse models of severe K. pneumoniae infections. Local and systemic PTX3 expression was induced following K. pneumoniae pulmonary infection, in association with the up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β. PTX3 deficiency in mice was associated with higher bacterial burden and mortality, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as IL-10 in the lung and systemically. The analysis of the mechanisms responsible of PTX3-dependent control of K. pneumoniae infection revealed that PTX3 did not interact with K. pneumoniae, or promote opsonophagocytosis. The comparison of susceptibility of wild-type, Ptx3-/-, C3-/- and Ptx3-/-/C3-/- mice to the infection showed that PTX3 acted in a complement-independent manner. Lung histopathological analysis showed more severe lesions in Ptx3-/- mice with fibrinosuppurative, necrotizing and haemorrhagic bronchopneumonia, associated with increased fibrin deposition in the lung and circulating fibrinogen consumption. These findings indicate that PTX3 contributes to the control of K. pneumoniae infection by modulating inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Thus, this study emphasizes the relevance of the role of PTX3 as regulator of inflammation and orchestrator of tissue repair in innate responses to infections.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Crohn’s disease inflammation and recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Petagna ◽  
A. Antonelli ◽  
C. Ganini ◽  
V. Bellato ◽  
M. Campanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Chron's Disease

Abstract Chron’s Disease is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease, first described at the beginning of the last century. The disease is characterized by the alternation of periods of flares and remissions influenced by a complex pathogenesis in which inflammation plays a key role. Crohn’s disease evolution is mediated by a complex alteration of the inflammatory response which is characterized by alterations of the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa barrier together with a remodeling of the extracellular matrix through the expression of metalloproteins and increased adhesion molecules expression, such as MAcCAM-1. This reshaped microenvironment enhances leucocytes migration in the sites of inflammation, promoting a TH1 response, through the production of cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α. IL-12 itself and IL-23 have been targeted for the medical treatment of CD. Giving the limited success of medical therapies, the treatment of the disease is invariably surgical. This review will highlight the role of inflammation in CD and describe the surgical approaches for the prevention of the almost inevitable recurrence.

scholarly journals IL-12 and Related Cytokines: Function and Regulatory Implications inCandida albicansInfection

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ashman ◽  
Dipti Vijayan ◽  
Christine A. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Mucosal Infection ◽  
Disseminated Disease

IL-12 is a cytokine with links to both innate and adaptive immunity systems. In mice, its deletion leads to acute susceptibility to oral infection with the yeastCandida albicans, whereas such mice are resistant to systemic disease. However, it is an essential component of the adaptive response that leads to the generation of Th1-type cytokine responses and protection against disseminated disease. This paper presents an overview of the role of IL-12 in models of systemic and mucosal infection and the possible relationships between them.

scholarly journals Role ofβ2 Integrins in the Binding of Thymocytes to Rat Thymic Macrophages

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Čolić ◽  
Vesna Ilić ◽  
Takuya Tamatani ◽  
Masayuki Miyasaka ◽  
Miloš D. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
And Function

A role of β2 integrins and one of their ligands, ICAM-1, in thymic macrophage (TMF)/thymocyte interactions was studied. TMF were isolated as adherent cells from 4-day old culture of thymic-cell suspensions either from normal or hydrocortisone-treated rats. Adherent cells were 94-98% positive with ED1 (a pan-macrophage marker). The majority of them (75-95%) expressed the CD11b and CD18 molecules, and 60-70% expressed CD54 (ICAM-1). A low proportion of TMF (10-20%) expressed CDlla (LFA-1). The expression of all these antigens was upregulated by IFN-α and TNF-α. The effect of these mAbs on TMF/thymocyte binding was studied using a simple rosette assay by incubating unstimulated or IFN-γ or TNF-α stimulated TMF, grown on microscopic slides with resting or ConA +IL-2 activated thymocytes. It was found that LFA-1/CD18 and ICAM-1 play a significant role in the TMF/thymocyte adhesion. In addition, a LFA-l-dependent/ICAM- 1-independent adhesion pathway was observed, suggesting that LFA-1 might use another ligand. The inhibitory effect of anti-CD18 mAb (WT-3) was higher than the effect of anti-LFA-1 mAb (WT-1) and was a consequence of blocking the CD18 chain both on thymocytes and TMF. No significant difference in the expression and function of adhesion molecules was found between TMF obtained from normal or hydrocortisone-treated rats. The involvement of CD1 1b in these processes was of lesser importance than the role of the CD11a molecule. By using mAbs to different epitopes of the CD11b molecule, such as OX-42 (anti-CD11b/CD11c), ED7, and ED8 (anti-CD11b), it was found that they were either slightly or moderately inhibitory under certain experimental conditions or did not significantly modulate TMF/thymocyte binding. Oχ-42 was slightly stimulatory in some experiments. Cumulatively, these results show that 2 integrins play a significant role in TMF/thymocyte interactions and probably contribute to T-cell development in vivo.

scholarly journals Role of Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Zheng Hu ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Zhenxiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Adaptive And Innate Immunity

After the recognition of the essential role of the immune system in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more studies are focused on the effects produced by the abnormal differentiation of components of the immune system. In patients suffering from obesity or T2DM, there were alterations in proliferation of T cells and macrophages, and impairment in function of NK cells and B cells, which represented abnormal innate and adaptive immunity. The abnormality of either innate immunity, adaptive immunity, or both was involved and interacted with each other during the progression of T2DM. Although previous studies have revealed the functional involvement of T cells in T2DM, and the regulation of metabolism by the innate or adaptive immune system during the pathogenesis of T2DM, there has been a lack of literature reviewing the relevant role of adaptive and innate immunity in the progression of T2DM. Here, we will review their relevant roles, aiming to provide new thought for the development of immunotherapy in T2DM.

Role of cytokines in caerulein-induced acute pancreatilis of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α knockoul mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A541-A541
Author(s):  
K KITAMURA ◽  
J NIIKAWA ◽  
T IMAMURA ◽  
A TAKAHASHI ◽  
A IKEGAMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tnf Α

The Role of Muslim Women in Civil Society In Promoting Values and Principles for Building Peace: Action Guide from The Qur’ān

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Che Amnah Bahari ◽  
Fatimah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Women And Children

The whole world, the Muslim in particular has witnessed conflicts in different areas, which have hindered the developmental efforts of the nations concerned. It should be learned that most victims of these conflicts are women and children. This article attempts to elaborate the role of Muslims Women as a crucial segment in civil society in initiating peace building through nurturing process. It maintains that the adoption of the principles and values derived from the Qur’ān and Sunnah of the Prophet is necessary as a process of lifelong learning.  Those identified values constituted the framework of this article and it adopts the textual analysis method.   This article concludes that through the implementation of those values and frameworks for peace building, women as one of the important segments of civil society are able to play significant role towards initiating peace building and promoting peaceful co-existence in pluralistic society. Abstrak: Dunia Islam khususnya telah menyaksikan konflik di pelbagai daerah yang berbeza. Konflik ini telah menghalang usaha kearah pembangunan Kawasan yang berkenaan. Kebanyakan mangsa konflik ini adalah wanita dan kanak-kanak. Artikel ini cuba untuk menghuraikan peranan wanita Islam sebagai segmen penting dalam masyarakat madani dalam membangun proses kedamaian dengan mendidik dan memupuk prinsip dan nilai murni janaan al-Qur’an. Penggunaan prinsip dan nilai yang dikutip dari ayat-ayat Qur'an dan hadis Rasulullah adalah keperluan yang mendesak sebagai wadah bagi proses pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Nilai-nilai yang dikenal pasti merupakan rangka kerja artikel ini, dan metod yang dirujuk adalah analisis teks. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa melalui pelaksanaan nilai-nilai dan kerangka kerja Islam bagi proses kedamaian, wanita Islam dalam masyarakat madani mampu memainkan peranan penting dalam memulakan pembinaan keamanan dan menggalakkan kehidupan yang harmonis, sejahtera dan saling bantu membantu dalam masyarakat majmuk.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document