scholarly journals Using Complete Squares Method to Optimize Replenishment Policies in a Four-Stage Supply Chain with Planned Backorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Seliaman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Algebraic Method ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Replenishment Policy

We develop a four-stage, serial supply chain inventory model with planned backorders. This supply chain model is formulated for the integer multipliers coordination mechanism, where firms at the same stage of the supply chain use the same cycle time and the cycle time at each stage is an integer multiplier of the cycle time used at the adjacent downstream stage. We develop an optimal replenishment policy using a simple algebraic method to solve the problem without the use of differential calculus.

The Fuzzyfied Supply Chain Finite Planning Horizon Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 4135-4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mishra ◽  
Nitin Kumar Mishra ◽  
Vikramjeet Singh ◽  
Pushpinder Singh ◽  
Seema Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Replenishment Policy ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Representation Method ◽  
Fuzzy Inventory ◽  
Finite Planning Horizon ◽  
Fuzzy Parameters

A supply chain model is discussed for materials substances such as metals, ceramics, or plastics manufactured which is deteriorating in nature. Fuzzy parameters such as fuzzy deterioration cost, fuzzy holding cost fuzzy inventory carrying cost etcetera are considered for framing of the model which are later defuzzified using Centroid, Signed Distance and Graded Mean Representation method. Centralized replenishment policy in this finite planning horizon model is discussed along with sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Model with Stochastic Lead Time, Trade-Credit Financing, and Transportation Discounts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Jun Kim ◽  
Biswajit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Setup Cost ◽  
Credit Period ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Credit Financing

This model extends a two-echelon supply chain model by considering the trade-credit policy, transportations discount to make a coordination mechanism between transportation discounts, trade-credit financing, number of shipments, quality improvement of products, and reduced setup cost in such a way that the total cost of the whole system can be reduced, where the supplier offers trade-credit-period to the buyer. For buyer, the backorder rate is considered as variable. There are two investments to reduce setup cost and to improve quality of products. The model assumes lead time-dependent backorder rate, where the lead time is stochastic in nature. By using the trade-credit policy, the model gives how the credit-period would be determined to achieve the win-win outcome. An iterative algorithm is designed to obtain the global optimum results. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the model.

Designing a Dynamic Buyer-Supplier Coordination Model in Electronic Markets Using Stochastic Petri Nets

2011 ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Mahdavi ◽  
Shima Mohebbi ◽  
Namjae Cho ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Paydar ◽  
Nezam Mahdavi-Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Petri Nets ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Stochastic Petri Nets ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Coordination Model ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Uncertainty Environment

Functional relationship between supplier and buyer in an open market place leads to investigate the role of both quantifiable and non-quantifiable parameters in coordination mechanism with the aim of achieving higher performance in supply chain activities. Here, we develop a supply chain model and a new agent to analyze and simulate the players’ behavior in the network. A cooperative game theory framework is utilized between buyer and supplier in order to increase the supply chain performance. The study is supported by presenting SC Net Optimizer as a tool for implementing the proposed coordination mechanism and evaluates the performance of the chain by simulation using stochastic Petri nets (SPNs). The model provides a more realistic optimization process by taking into consideration the dynamic information flow in an uncertainty environment.

scholarly journals Inventory Models for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items with Expiration Dates and Imperfect Quality under Hybrid Payment Policy in the Three-Level Supply Chain

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Jui-Jung Liao ◽  
Hari Srivastava ◽  
Kun-Jen Chung ◽  
Shih-Fang Lee ◽  
Kuo-Nan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Object Function ◽  
Supply Chain Model

This article considers an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with expiration dates, such as seasonal items, first-hand vegetables, and fruits. Interestingly, an inspection will be performed to manage the quality of the items during the state of no deterioration because it is difficult to purchase items with 100% perfection. Additionally, we assume that the upstream member has the power of controlling or influencing downstream members’ decisions. That is, the supplier asks the retailer for a partial advance payment to avoid cancellation of orders and offers them a credit payment to stimulate sales; in turn, the customer must pay some cash when placing an order and pay the remainder in credit for the retailer. The goal of this article is to determine an optimal replenishment cycle and the total annual cost function, so we explore the functional properties of the total annual cost function and show that the total annual cost function is convex. Theoretical analysis of the optimal properties shows the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. Then, we obtain simple and easy solution procedures for the inventory system. Moreover, numerical analysis of the inventory model is conducted, and the corresponding examples are considered with a view to illustrating the application of the supply chain model that we have investigated in this article. Finally, in the concluding section, we have not only provided the motivation and the need for our usages of mathematical analytic solution procedures based upon the convexity, monotonicity (increasing and decreasing) and differentiability properties of the object function (that is, the total annual cost function), which involve some symmetry aspects of the object function, but we have also indicated the limitations and shortcomings in our investigation, which will naturally lead to some potential directions for further research on the supply chain model, which we have considered and mathematically analyzed in this article.

Two-echelon imperfect production fuzzy supply chain model for reliability dependent demand with probabilistic deterioration and rework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sudip Adak ◽  
G.S. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Imperfect Production ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Dependent Demand

This paper develops a fuzzy two-layer supply chain for manufacturer and retailer with defective and non-defective types of products. The manufacturer produces up to a specific time, including faulty and non-defective items, and after the screening, the non-defective item sends to the retailer. The retailer’s strategy is to do the screening of items received from the manufacturer; subsequently, the perfect quality items are used to fulfill the customer’s demand, and the defective items are reworked. The retailer considers that customer demand is time and reliability dependent. The supply chain considers probabilistic deterioration for the manufacturer and retailers along with the strategies such as production rate, unit production cost, cost of idle time of manufacturer, screening, rework, etc. The optimum average profit of the integrated model is evaluated for both the cases crisp and fuzzy environments. Managerial insights and the effect of changes in the parameters’ values on the optimal inventory policy under fuzziness are presented.

The problems facing agricultural sector in Zanzibar and the prospects of Waqf-Muzar’ah-supply chain model

Humanomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa Salim Moh’d ◽  
Mustafa Omar Mohammed ◽  
Buerhan Saiti
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Clove Industry

Purpose This paper aims to identify the appropriate model to address the financial challenges in agricultural sector in Zanzibar. Since the middle of 1960, clove production has continually and significantly decreased because of some problems and challenges that include financial ones. The financial intermediaries such as banks, cooperatives and micro-enterprises provide micro-financing to the farmers with high interest rates along with collateral requirements. The numerous programmes, measures and policies adopted by the relevant parties to find out the solutions to the dwindling clove production have failed. Design/methodology/approach The authors will review and examine several existing financial models, identify the issues and challenges of the current financial models and propose an appropriate Islamic financing model. Findings The numerous programmes, measures and policies adopted by the relevant parties to find out the solutions to the dwindling clove production have failed. This study, therefore, proposed a Waqf-Muzara’ah-supply chain model to address the financial challenge. Partnership arrangement is also suggested in the model to mitigate the issues of high interest rates and collateral that constrains the financial ability of the farmers and their agricultural output. Originality/value The contribution of the agricultural sector to the economic development of Zanzibar Islands is considerable. As one of the important agricultural sectors, the clove industry was the economic backbone of the government of Zanzibar. This study is believed to be a pioneering work; hence, it is the first study that investigates empirically the challenges facing the clove industry in Zanzibar.

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