scholarly journals GNSS Spoofing Detection Based on Signal Power Measurements: Statistical Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dehghanian ◽  
J. Nielsen ◽  
G. Lachapelle
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Detection Technique ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Spoofing Detection ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Power Measurements ◽  
Detection Processing

A threat to GNSS receivers is posed by a spoofing transmitter that emulates authentic signals but with randomized code phase and Doppler values over a small range. Such spoofing signals can result in large navigational solution errors that are passed onto the unsuspecting user with potentially dire consequences. An effective spoofing detection technique is developed in this paper, based on signal power measurements and that can be readily applied to present consumer grade GNSS receivers with minimal firmware changes. An extensive statistical analysis is carried out based on formulating a multihypothesis detection problem. Expressions are developed to devise a set of thresholds required for signal detection and identification. The detection processing methods developed are further manipulated to exploit incidental antenna motion arising from user interaction with a GNSS handheld receiver to further enhance the detection performance of the proposed algorithm. The statistical analysis supports the effectiveness of the proposed spoofing detection technique under various multipath conditions.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of GNSS Spoofing Countermeasure Based on Receiver CNR Measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen ◽  
V. Dehghanian ◽  
G. Lachapelle
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multipath Propagation ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Gnss Receivers

A perceived emerging threat to GNSS receivers is posed by a spoofing transmitter that emulates authentic signals but with randomized code phase and Doppler over a small range. Such spoofing signals can result in large navigational solution errors that are passed onto the unsuspecting user with potentially dire consequences. In this paper, a simple and readily implementable processing rule based on CNR estimates of the correlation peaks of the despread GNSS signals is developed expressly for reducing the effectiveness of such a spoofer threat. Consequently, a comprehensive statistical analysis is given to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in various LOS and NLOS environments. It is demonstrated that the proposed receiver processing is highly effective in both line-of-sight and multipath propagation conditions.

Statistical Analysis of SHM Passive Sensing Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Marco Thiene ◽  
Zahra Sharif Khodaei ◽  
M.H. Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Failure ◽  
Impact Detection ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Service Load ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
Load Conditions

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques have gained an increased interest to be utilised alongside NDI techniques for aircraft maintenance. However, to take the SHM methodologies from the laboratory conditions to actual structures under real load conditions requires them to be assessed in terms of reliability and robustness. In this work, a statistical analysis is carried out for a passive SHM system capable of impact detection and identification. The sensitivity of the platform to parameters such as noise, sensor failure and in-service load conditions has been investigated and reported.

scholarly journals Customized Mobile LiDAR System for Manhole Cover Detection and Identification

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanying Wei ◽  
Mengmeng Yang ◽  
Liuzhao Wang ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Xuexia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Machine Method ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Detection And Identification

Manhole covers, which are a key element of urban infrastructure management, have a direct impact on travel safety. At present, there is no automatic, safe, and efficient system specially used for the intelligent detection, identification, and assessment of manhole covers. In this work, we developed an automatic detection, identification, and assessment system for manhole covers. First, we developed a sequential exposure system via the addition of multiple cameras in a symmetrical arrangement to realize the joint acquisition of high-precision laser data and ultra-high-resolution ground images. Second, we proposed an improved histogram of an oriented gradient with symmetry features and a support vector machine method to detect manhole covers effectively and accurately, by using the intensity images and ground orthophotos that are derived from the laser points and images, respectively, and apply the graph segmentation and statistical analysis to achieve the detection, identification, and assessment of manhole covers. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed using large experimental datasets that were acquired with the modified manhole-cover detection system. The detected results yield an average accuracy of 96.18%, completeness of 94.27%, and F-measure value of 95.22% in manhole cover detection. Defective manhole-cover monitoring and manhole-cover ownership information are achieved from these detection results. The results not only provide strong support for road administration works, such as data acquisition, manhole cover inquiry and inspection, and statistical analysis of resources, but also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, which reduces the risk involved in performing manual inspections, improves the manhole-cover detection accuracy, and serves as a powerful tool in intelligent road administration.

Time Frequency and Statistical Inference Based Interference Detection Technique for GNSS Receivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2865-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pai Wang ◽  
Ediz Cetin ◽  
Andrew G. Dempster ◽  
Yongqing Wang ◽  
Siliang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Detection Technique ◽  
Interference Detection ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Gnss Receivers

Pemanfaatan Receiver Gnss Berbiaya Rendah “Expandable-Gnss” dengan Metode Post-Processing Kinematic dalam Pengukuran Kadastral

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Dita Samsudin Al Chodiq ◽  
Tanjung Nugroho ◽  
Bambang Suyudi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Baseline Length ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Gnss Receiver ◽  
Gnss Receivers

Abstract: Utilization of GNSS receiver by RTK method is expected to accelerate the land parcels measurement in the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency. However, due to the expensive price, the number of current GNSS receivers is not yet comparable with the existing targets and work loads. Utilization of low-cost GNSS receiver can be a solution to the situation. One of the low-cost GNSS receivers is Expandable-GNSS (E-GNSS). The limitation of RTK method, related to the dependence of data communication during observation can be solved by the Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) method. This research aims to test the accuracy of observations using E-GNSS with PPK method. The comparator in this research is the result of observation using GNSS receiver with static method. Data were analyzed by comparing the differences of coordinates between the three sample groups based on the baseline length classification, and also compared the coordinate differences between the two methods and the tolerance test based on the provisions of the PMNA / KBPN Technical Guidelines Number 3 of 1997. Based on the analysis indicates an increase in coordinate difference proportional to the length of the baseline. Statistical analysis also shows that there are significant differences between the coordinates of both methods, but still meet the fault tolerance point of 0.250 m. The length of the measured land parcels also meets the tolerance based on the provisions of the PMNA / KBPN Technical Guidelines Number 3 of 1997.Keywords: Cadastral, Low-Cost GNSS Receiver, Post-Processing Kinematic Intisari: Pemanfaatan receiver GNSS dengan metode RTK diharapkan dapat mempercepat kegiatan pengukuran bidang tanah di Kementerian ATR/BPN. Akan tetapi, karena harga receiver GNSS yang relatif mahal menyebabkan jumlahnya belum sebanding dengan target dan beban pekerjaan yang ada. Pemanfaatan receiver GNSS berbiaya rendah dapat menjadi solusi keadaan tersebut. Salah satu receiver GNSS berbiaya rendah adalah Expandable-GNSS (E-GNSS). Sedangkan keterbatasan metode RTK, terkait ketergantungan akan komunikasi data selama pengamatan dapat di atasi dengan penggunaan metode Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK). Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian ketelitian hasil pengamatan menggunakan E-GNSS dengan metode PPK. Sebagai pembanding dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil pengamatan menggunakan receiver GNSS dengan metode statik. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan perbedaan koordinat kedua metode antar kelompok sampel berdasarkan klasifikasi panjang baseline, selain itu juga dibandingkan perbedaan koordinat hasil pengamatan antara kedua metode serta uji toleransi berdasarkan ketentuan pada Petunjuk Teknis PMNA/KBPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan perbedaan koordinat sebanding dengan semakin panjang baseline. Analisis statistik juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan koordinat yang dihasilkan kedua metode, akan tetapi masih memenuhi toleransi kesalahan titik sebesar 0,250 m. Panjang sisi bidang tanah hasil pengukuran juga memenuhi toleransi berdasarkan ketentuan Petunjuk Teknis PMNA/KBPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997.Kata kunci: Kadastral, Receiver GNSS Berbiaya Rendah, Post-Processing Kinematic

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