scholarly journals An Epidemiological Model for Examining Marijuana Use over the Life Course

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Paddock ◽  
Beau Kilmer ◽  
Jonathan P. Caulkins ◽  
Marika J. Booth ◽  
Rosalie L. Pacula
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The Life Course

Trajectories of drug use are usually studied empirically by following over time persons sampled from either the general population (most often youth and young adults) or from heavy or problematic users (e.g., arrestees or those in treatment). The former, population-based samples, describe early career development, but miss the years of use that generate the greatest social costs. The latter, selected populations, help to summarize the most problematic use, but cannot easily explain how people become problem users nor are they representative of the population as a whole. This paper shows how microsimulation can synthesize both sorts of data within a single analytical framework, while retaining heterogeneous influences that can impact drug use decisions over the life course. The RAND Marijuana Microsimulation Model is constructed for marijuana use, validated, and then used to demonstrate how such models can be used to evaluate alternative policy options aimed at reducing use over the life course.

What is ‘impact’? Learning from examples across the professional life course

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Tina Haux
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Life Course

The inclusion of research impact in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework in the UK (REF2014) was greeted with scepticism by the academic community, not least due to the challenges of defining and measuring the nature and significance of impact. A new analytical framework of the nature of impact is developed in this chapter and it distinguishes between policy creation, direction, discourse and practice. This framework is then applied to the top-ranked impact case studies in the REF2014 from the Social Work and Social Policy sub-panel and the ESRC Early Career Impact Prize Winners in order to assess impact across the life-course of academics.  

The Life Course of Baby Boomers

Hurt ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Boeri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Course Theory ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
The Life Course

Life course theory focuses attention on the impact of history, timing, and important transitions in life trajectories. In this chapter, the life course analysis of boomer drug users reveals that drug trajectories were not developmental. Instead, they were discontinuous, interrupted phases dependent on social context and situations that changed over time. The chapter provides a closer inspection of the turning points into and out of drug use phases to better understand the causes of problematic drug use and what resources are needed to control it. In contrast to law enforcement and treatment professionals, who view problematic drug use as a lack of self-control, research finds that informal social control mechanisms are more important for maintaining or regaining control over drug use. Life course theory predicts that missing critical transitions in life, such as graduating from high school, leads to fewer informal social controls. The stories in this chapter reveal the negative impact of juvenile incarceration, which did not help anyone become drug free, but instead plunged youths into a criminal culture and broke their social bonds to mainstream social networks and access to informal social control mechanisms.

Making Sense of Heterogeneity in the Influence of Childhood Abuse, Mental Health, and Drug Use on Women’s Offending Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Broidy ◽  
Jason Payne ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
Female Offending ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course

Building from the developmental and life course literature and the feminist pathways literature, we aim to detail when and how exposure to abuse in childhood shapes female offending trajectories. Using data from 470 female offenders in Australia, our analyses assess whether internalizing symptoms and drug use help explain the link between early abuse and later offending among females. We then examine whether these links are most acute for females who onset early and evidence chronic involvement in offending. In support of the feminist pathways model, we find evidence for a pathway from early abuse to internalizing symptoms to drug use and then offending. In addition, and in line with the life course literature, we also find important differences in how these risks unfold across women, depending particularly on age of onset and offending chronicity. We reflect on the implications of our findings for theory and intervention with respect to female offending.

scholarly journals The Effect of Age on Fracture Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Liang ◽  
Tanya Chikritzhs
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Effect Of Age

Aim. To precisely estimate the effect of age on the risk of fracture hospitalisation among the Western Australia population over the life course.Methods. This population-based cohort study used hospital data on fractures for the period January 1991 to January 2013 among Western Australians born between 1915 and 1990.Results. The average incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) of fracture hospitalisation (95% confidence interval) were 50.12 (49.90, 50.35), 55.14 (54.82, 55.48), and 45.02 (44.71, 45.32) for both males and females, males only, and females only, respectively. The age-specific rate of fracture hospitalisation (in natural logarithm form) in adults (>18 years) was well predicted by age at its 1st, 2nd, and 3rd power in males with an adjustedR-squared of 0.98 andp<0.001. For females, the trend was also well predicted by its 1st and 2nd powers (the 3rd power term of age was removed due to itspvalue > 0.8) with an adjustedR-squared of 0.99 andp<0.001.Conclusions. Overall trends in age and gender specific risk of fracture among the Western Australian population were similar to estimates reported from previous studies. The trend in fracture hospitalisation risk over the life course can be almost fully explained by age.

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