scholarly journals Comparison of Duty Cycle Generator Algorithms for SPICE Simulation of SMPS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alexander Abramovitz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Spice Simulation ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Switch Mode ◽  
Models Comparison

The paper presents and discusses an algorithm for average modeling of the PWM modulator in switch-mode power systems by general purpose electronic circuit simulators such as PSPICE. A comparison with previous theoretical models is conducted. To test the accuracy of the average PWM models comparison to cycle-by-cycle simulation was conducted. The proposed algorithm shows better accuracy than earlier counterparts.

Transport Duty Cycle Simulation of Electro-hydro-mechanical Drive Unit for Mixing Drum

2014 ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kriššák ◽  
J. Jakubovič ◽  
P. Zavadinka
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Drive Unit ◽  
Cycle Simulation

Pneumatic Pipe Modeling: Theory and Experimental Approach—Part II

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bideaux ◽  
S. Scavarda
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Modeling Theory ◽  
Fluid Power Systems ◽  
Predominant Effect

Abstract In fluid power systems, lines or pipes can have a predominant effect on dynamics. Although many studies have been carried out on hydraulic pipe modeling, there are only a few existing approaches for such problems in pneumatics. This paper proposes an experimental work in modeling of pneumatic pipes. A short state of the art situation, the nature of this problem, and different approaches of modeling pneumatic pipes are presented in Pneumatic Pipe Modeling: Theory and Experimental Approach (PART I). As the simulation of system with pipes may need an important computing time, it is crucial to use the adequate model. While it is not difficult to develop theoretical models, we need to tune them by adjusting the unknown parameters such friction factor and the thermal exchange parameter. We introduce then an experimental method to evaluate these parameters. The robustness of the models is proved through several examples and in order to validate our propositions, we compare experimental trails to the results given by the simulation.

scholarly journals Implementation of Three and Two Switch Inter-Leaved Forward Converters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5467-5471
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Line Voltage ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Forward Converter ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Switch Mode ◽  
Open Control ◽  
Forward Converters

In this work the DC-DC forward converter is proposed. The forward converter system nonlinear dynamic performance is present, as it works in switch-mode. Besides, it is revealed to significant inequality which may take this system during the nominal conditions, due to fluctuations on the load or on the line voltage at the input. Traditional converters like, boost converters, switched- inductor converters, switched -capacitor converters etc. are restricted because of at most duty cycle (unity). Fundamentally transformer is introduced to improve the voltage and also it gives the benefits of supplying power to various loads, therefore it is further acceptable for different DC power applications. Examination at open control of the suggested converters are described in this work and we investigate the equations of a forward converter and propose a design for components and also simulated two and three switches forward converter. The suggested converter (FC) has been verified theoretically by simulating it in MATLAB Simulink.

scholarly journals X-raying winds in distant quasars: The first high-redshift wind duty cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. A136
Author(s):  
E. Bertola ◽  
M. Dadina ◽  
M. Cappi ◽  
C. Vignali ◽  
G. Chartas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
First Time

Aims. Theoretical models of wind-driven feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) often identify ultra-fast outflows as being the main agent in the generation of galaxy-sized outflows, which are possibly the main actors in establishing so-called AGN-galaxy co-evolution. Ultra-fast outflows are well characterized in local AGN but much less is known in quasars at the cosmic time when star formation and AGN activity peaked (z ≃ 1–3). It is therefore necessary to search for evidence of ultra-fast outflows in high-z sources to test wind-driven AGN feedback models. Methods. Here we present a study of Q2237+030, the Einstein Cross, a quadruply-imaged radio-quiet lensed quasar located at z = 1.695. We performed a systematic and comprehensive temporally and spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis of all the available Chandra and XMM-Newton data (as of September 2019). Results. We find clear evidence for spectral variability, possibly due to absorption column density (or covering fraction) variability intrinsic to the source. For the first time in this quasar, we detect a fast X-ray wind outflowing at vout ≃ 0.1c that would be powerful enough (Ėkin ≃ 0.1 Lbol) to significantly affect the evolution of the host galaxy. We report also on the possible presence of an even faster component of the wind (vout ∼ 0.5c). For the first time in a high-z quasar, given the large sample and long time interval spanned by the analyzed X-ray data, we are able to roughly estimate the wind duty cycle as ≃0.46 (0.31) at 90% (95%) confidence level. Finally, we also confirm the presence of a Fe Kα emission line with variable energy, which we discuss in the light of microlensing effects as well as considering our findings on the source.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental analysis of a boost converter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. C20A28-1-C20A28-9
Author(s):  
Modou Badiane ◽  
◽  
Prince Abdoul Aziz Honadia ◽  
Fabé Idrissa Barro ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Gain Factor ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Switching Losses ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Analytical Expressions

A theoretical and experimental study of a conventional boost converter is presented. Based on the real behavior of the components, the conventional boost converter model dealing with both inductive and capacitive losses as well as switching losses is introduced. From this model, the detailed analytical expressions of the voltage gain factor and the conversion efficiency are established taking into account the losses due to parasitic resistances and switching losses. The behavior of the converter is then analyzed by simulating the voltage gain factor and the conversion efficiency as a function of the duty cycle. The converter prototype was manufactured and a set of experimental measurements was made; these measurements made it possible to demonstrate that the proposed theoretical models were reliable for a large range of duty cycle for the boost converter.

A microcomputer oximeter for whole blood

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (5) ◽  
pp. H722-H725
Author(s):  
J. W. Kiel ◽  
A. P. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Short Program ◽  
Data Acquisition Program ◽  
Digital Channels

A system is described for measuring the percent of oxyhemoglobin in flowing whole blood. The system consists of an Apple II+ computer, a commercially available analog-to-digital converter, a simple electronic circuit to illuminate blood with light at two appropriate wavelengths, and a short program in BASIC. This oximeter is shown to yield a linear measurement of oxyhemoglobin saturation when compared with standard oxygen analyses. Data can be sampled at a sufficiently rapid rate to yield an essentially continuous measurement in typical cardiovascular studies. The system can be implemented by the average investigator from standard electronic components. The oximeter program can be combined into a general-purpose data acquisition program, and 15 analog-to-digital channels remain available for gathering other data.

scholarly journals Control of Dual-Output DC/DC Converters Using Duty Cycle and Frequency

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Matsushita ◽  
Toshihiko Noguchi ◽  
Kazuki Shimizu ◽  
Noritaka Taguchi ◽  
Makoto Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Series Resonant ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Bridge Circuits ◽  
Resonant Filters

As part of the integration process of the auxiliary power systems of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, this study proposes a method to control two different voltage types using two control factors of the rectangular alternating waveforms contained in DC/DC converters, namely the duty cycle and frequency. A prototype circuit consisting of an H-bridge inverter, a transformer, two series resonant filters and two diode bridge circuits was constructed. The H-bridge inverter was connected to the primary side of the transformer and the diode bridge rectifier circuit was connected to the secondary side in parallel. Series resonant filters were inserted between one of the diode bridge circuits and the transformer. Thereafter, the proposed control method was applied to the transformer voltage of the prototype circuit. Although the circuit operation became complex owing to the circulating current flowing between the ground (GND) of the two output circuits, it exhibited ideal static and dynamic characteristics, thereby confirming the possibility of controlling two voltages with the duty cycle and frequency control factors. The results of the efficiency evaluation and loss analysis demonstrated a minimum efficiency of 68.3% and a maximum efficiency of 88.9%. As the output power of the circuit containing the resonant filters increased, the current peak value increased and the circuit became less efficient.

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