Pharmacological Basis for the Medicinal Use ofLepidium sativumin Airways Disorders

Lepidium sativumis widely used in folk medicine for treatment of hyperactive airways disorders, such as asthma, bronchitis and cough. The crude extract ofLepidium sativum(Ls.Cr) inhibited carbachol (CCh, 1 μM-) and K+(80 mM-) induced contractions in a pattern similar to that of dicyclomine. Ls.Cr at 0.03 mg/mL produced a rightward parallel shift of CCh curves, followed by nonparallel shift at higher concentration (0.1 mg/mL), suppressing maximum response, similar to that caused by dicyclomine. Pretreatment of tissues with Ls.Cr (0.1–0.3 mg/mL) shifted Ca++concentration-response curves (CRCs) to right, as produced by verapamil. Ls.Cr at low concentrations (0.03–0.1 mg/mL) caused leftward shift of isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs, like that caused by rolipram, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. These results indicate that bronchodilatory effect ofLepidium sativumis mediated through a combination of anticholinergic, Ca++antagonist and PDE inhibitory pathways, which provides sound mechanistic background for its medicinal use in the overactive airways disorders.

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Calcium channels blocked activity: Providing the basis for medicinal use of Abies pindrow in diarrhea and bronchitis

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i2.22246 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 430 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sohaib Mushtaq ◽

Mueen Ahmad Chaudhry ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channels ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Response Curves ◽

Traditional Practice ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

High K ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Abies Pindrow

Abies pindrow is widely used in traditional practice for the treatment of diarrhea and bronchitis and the present study was designed to validate its folkloric uses. The crude extract of A. pindrow inhibit spontaneously contracting (1-10 mg/mL) and high K+ (80 mM)-induced pre-contracted rabbit jejun-um (3 mg/mL) in concentration dependent manner. A rightward shift in Ca+2 concentration response curves was seen in the presence of crude extract (0.1-0.3), similar to verapamil. In isolated tracheal tissue, A. pindrow inhibited, high K+ and carbachol (1 µM)-induced contractions, at 3 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL respectively, similar to that caused by verapamil. These results indicate the presence of calcium channels blocked activity in crude extract of A. pindrow, which provide sound basis for medicinal uses of A. pindrow in diarrhea and bronchitis.

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Calcium entry blocking activity of the Elaeagnus umbellata fruit extract explains its use in diarrhea and gut spasm

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i3.26101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nayyab Rafique ◽

Taous Khan ◽

Abdul Jabbar Shah

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Video Clip ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Response Curves ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Elaeagnus Umbellata ◽

High K ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Rabbit Jejunum

This study was aimed to explore the pharmacological basis of potential medicinal use of Elaeagnus umbellata in gut disorders. Crude extract of E. umbellata, which was found positive for flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins, provided 9.9-71.9% protection in castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, like verapamil. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, crude extract caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K+-induced contractions, with respective EC50 values of 0.3 (0.1-0.5) and 0.5 mg/mL, suggesting Ca++ channel blockade (CCB). Pretreatment of tissue with crude extract (0.1–1 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in Ca++ concentration-response curves. With the exception of aqueous fraction, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate inhibited spontaneous and high K+-induced contractions and displaced rightward Ca++ concentration-response curves. Extract was found safe up to 10 mg/kg in mice. Our data shows that anti-diarrheal effect of crude extract of E. umbellate is due to CCB-mediated spasmolytic effect, concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction and suggests its medicinal importance in diarrhea and spasm.Video Clip<a href="https://youtube.com/v/Qo_y3ULC4E0">Isolation of rat jejunum</a>: 2 min 32 sec

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Pharmacological basis for medicinal use of Ziziphyus nummularia (Rhamnaceae) leaves in gastrointestinal disorders

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v16i10.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 2379-2385

Author(s):

Sayed Muzahir Hussain ◽

Aslam Khan ◽

Arif-ullah Khan ◽

Neelum Gul Qazi ◽

Fawad Ali

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Saline Group ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Fluid Accumulation ◽

Response Curves ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Gastrointestinal Ulcer ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Ziziphus Nummularia ◽

Pharmacological Basis

Purpose: To explore the pharmacological basis for the folkloric use of Ziziphus nummularia for treating diarrhea and gastrointestinal spasm.Methods: Ziziphus nummularia crude extract (Zn.Cr) was investigated for antidiarrheal activity (50, 100 and 300 mg/kg) in terms of reduction diarrhea droppings as well as for antisecretory activity (300 and 1000 mg/kg) in castor-oil induced model in mice. The effect of the extract on potassium chloride (KCl, 80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum tissues were was also examined. Furthermore, the antiulcer properties of the extract was assessed in an ethanol-induced gastrointestinal ulcer model.Results: Zn.Cr (50 – 1000 mg/kg) exhibited protective effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea (p <0.05, p < 0.01 vs saline group) and intestinal fluid accumulation (p < 0.001 vs. castor oil group) in mice. In isolated rabbit jejunum model, Zn.Cr concentration-dependently (0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/mL) caused relaxation of spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions, similar to verapamil. Calcium antagonistic effect was indicated, as pretreatment of intestinal tissues with Zn.Cr (0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL) produced a rightward shift in Ca2+ concentration-response curves, with suppression of maximum contraction. In ethanol-induced gastric ulceration assay, Zn.Cr (300 and 1000 mg/kg) caused52.5 and 93.6 % inhibition, respectively (p < 0.001 vs. saline group).Conclusion: These results reveal that Ziziphus nummularia possesses anti-diarrheal, anti-secretory, anti-spasmodic and anti-ulcer actions, mediated possibly through voltage-gated Ca2+channel blockade.Keywords: Ziziphus nummularia, Anti-diarrheal, Anti-secretory, Anti-spasmodic, Anti-ulcer

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Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Viola odorata in diarrhea, bronchial asthma and hypertension

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i4.23889 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 836 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽

Waseem Ullah Khan ◽

Fatima Saqib ◽

Mamoona Khalid

Keyword(s):

Channel Blocker ◽

Response Curves ◽

Relaxant Effect ◽

Viola Odorata ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Channel Blocking ◽

Blocking Activity ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Spontaneous Contractions ◽

Pharmacological Basis

Viola odorata is traditionally used in the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders. The present study was undertaken to validate its folkloric uses. The application of V. odorata to spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparation exerted relaxant effect through decrease in magnitude and frequency of contractions. Moreover, it also caused relaxation of K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions and shifted the Ca2+ concentration response curves toward right in isolated jejunum similar to verapamil (standard Ca2+ channel blocker), confirming Ca2+ channel blocking activity. V. odorata also caused relaxation of carbachol (1 µM)- and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit tracheal preparations comparable to verapamil, reflecting that observed relaxant effect may be the outcome of anti-muscarinic and/or Ca2+ channel blocking activities. It also exerted relaxant effect on phenylephrine (1 µM)- and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit aortic preparations thus providing rationale for its folkloric uses to treat diarrhea, asthma and hypertension.

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Pharmacological basis for the folkloric uses of Buxus wallichiana in gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i2.22285 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Musaddique Hussain ◽

Shahid Masood Raza ◽

Khalid Hussain Janbaz

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Rabbit Aorta ◽

Channel Blockade ◽

Response Curves ◽

Vascular Disorders ◽

The Right ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Pharmacological Basis

In vitro study was carried out to explore the pharmacological basis of crude extract of Buxus wallichiana for its folkloric uses in gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders. In jejunum preparations, crude extract (0.03 ± 1.0 mg/mL) caused a transient spasmogenic effect followed by the spasmolytic effect at higher doses (3.0–10 mg/mL). In atropinized jejunum preparation, crude extract inhibited the spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contraction, suggesting that spasmolytic effect is mediated through the Ca+2-channel blockade. The Ca+2-channel blockade effect was confirmed when pretreatment of tissue with extract produced a dose-dependent shift in Ca+2 concentration-response curves to the right, similarly as verapamil. Furthermore, crude extract exhibited non-specific relaxant effect on carbachol- (1 µM) and K+ (80 mM)-induced tracheal contractions, suggesting the coexistence of anticholi-nergic and Ca+2-antagonistic properties. Moreover, it relaxed the K+ (80 mM)- and phenylephrine (1 µM)-induced contraction in rabbit aorta, suggesting the Ca+2-channel blockade. These findings may validate the folkloric uses of B. wallichiana in constipation, bronchitis, asthma and hypertension.

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Pharmacological Basis for Medicinal Use ofLens culinarisin Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Disorders

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.5136 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 1349-1358 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Munasib Khan ◽

Arif-ullah Khan ◽

Najeeb-ur- Rehman ◽

Anwarul-Hassan Gilani

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disorders ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Pharmacological Basis

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Studies on antidiarrheal and laxative activities of aqueous-ethanol extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius and underlying mechanisms

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-019-2740-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naveed Aslam ◽

Khalid Hussain Janbaz

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Aqueous Ethanol ◽

Intestinal Transit ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Response Curves ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Spasmolytic Activity

Abstract Background Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (Asphodelaceae) has traditional reputability in treatment of diarrhea and constipation but no scientific study has been reported for its gastrointestinal effects. Present study was conducted to evaluate antidiarrheal and laxative activities of the plant. Methods Aqueous-ethanol crude extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius (At.Cr) was subjected to phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. In vivo studies of charcoal meal intestinal transit test, antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea and laxative activity were performed in mice. In vitro experiments were conducted upon rabbit jejunum preparations using standard tissue bath techniques. Results Phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and phenols in At.Cr. In charcoal meal intestinal transit test, At.Cr increased (p < 0.001) intestinal motility at 100 mg/kg dose, but decreased (p < 0.001) it at 500 mg/kg dose, when compared to the control group. At.Cr (300–700 mg/kg) provided protection from castor oil induced diarrhea in mice, which was significant (p < 0.001) at 500 and 700 mg/kg doses, as compared to the saline treated control group. At.Cr (50 and 100 mg/kg) enhanced total and wet feces counts in normal mice, as compared to saline treated control. In jejunum preparations, At.Cr inhibited spontaneous, K+ (80 mM) and K+ (25 mM) mediated contractions, similar to verapamil. Pre-incubation of jejunum preparations with At.Cr resulted in rightward nonparallel shift in Ca+ 2 concentration response curves, similar to verapamil. The spasmolytic activity was concentrated in ethylacetate fraction. Aqueous fraction exhibited spasmogenicity upon spontaneous contractions, which was blocked in presence of verapamil, but remained unaffected by other tested antagonists. Conclusion The Asphodelus tenuifolius crude extract possesses gut modulatory activity, which may normalize gut functions in diarrhea and constipation. The spasmolytic activity of the extract was found to be mediated through Ca+ 2 channel blocking action. The spasmogenic activity, found partitioned in aqueous fraction, possibly involves Ca+ 2 influx through voltage gated Ca+ 2 channels. The study supports ethnic uses of the plant in diarrhea and constipation.

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Propagation and Conservation of Native Forest Genetic Resources of Medicinal Use by Means of In Vitro and ex vitro Techniques

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600715 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600

Author(s):

Sandra Sharry ◽

Marina Adema ◽

María A. Basiglio Cordal ◽

Blanca Villarreal ◽

Noelia Nikoloff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Native Species ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Native Forest ◽

Indirect Organogenesis ◽

Acacia Caven ◽

Medicinal Use

In Argentina, there are numerous native species which are an important source of natural products and which are traditionally used in medicinal applications. Some of these species are going through an intense extraction process in their natural habitat which may affect their genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to establish vegetative propagation systems for three native forestal species of medicinal interest. This will allow the rapid obtainment of plants to preserve the germplasm. This study included the following species which are widely used in folk medicine and its applications: Erythrina crista-galli or “seibo” (astringent, used for its cicatrizant properties and for bronchiolitic problems); Acacia caven or “espinillo” (antirheumatic, digestive, diuretic and with cicatrizant properties) and Salix humboldtiana or “sauce criollo” (antipyretic, sedative, antispasmodic, astringent). The methodology included the micropropagation of seibo, macro and micropropagation of Salix humboldtiana and the somatic embryogenesis of Acacia caven. The protocol for seibo regeneration was adjusted from nodal sections of seedlings which were obtained from seeds germinated in vitro. The macropropagation through rooted cuttings of “sauce criollo” was achieved and complete plants of this same species were obtained through both direct and indirect organogenesis using in vitro cultures. The somatic embryogenesis for Acacia caven was optimized and this led to obtain a high percentage of embryos in different stages of development. We are able to support the conservation of native forest resources of medicinal use by means of vegetative propagation techniques.

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Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Carissa carandas in constipation and diarrhea

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 153 (2) ◽

pp. 359-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Malik Hassan Mehmood ◽

Nfn Anila ◽

Sabira Begum ◽

Saqib A. Syed ◽

Bina S. Siddiqui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Use ◽

Carissa Carandas ◽

Pharmacological Basis

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Chemical Analysis and Calcium Channel Blocking Activity of the Essential Oil of Perovskia abrotanoides

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300801133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Jabbar Shah ◽

Munawwer Rasheed ◽

Qaiser Jabeen ◽

Amir Ahmed ◽

Rasool Bakhsh Tareen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Calcium Channel ◽

Response Curves ◽

Spasmolytic Activity ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Voltage Dependent ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Voltage Dependent Calcium Channels ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Perovskia Abrotanoides

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of the essential oil of Perovskia abrotanoides (Pa. Oil) in gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic. The chemical investigation resulted in the identification of 26 compounds, of which tricyclene, β- trans-ocimene, terpinene-4-acetate, terpinen-4-ol, caran-3β-ol, linalyl acetate, β-caryophyllene oxide and α-elemene had not previously been reported from P. abrotanoides. Major constituents were 1,8-cineol and δ–3-carene, which constituting 50% of the oil. In the isolated rabbit jejunum preparation Pa.Oil caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, with respective EC50 values of 0.13 (0.08-0.20; n=4) and 0.90 mg/mL (0.50–1.60; n=5), thus showing that spasmolytic activity is mediated possibly through calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB activity was confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with Pa. Oil (0.03-0.1 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in the Ca++ concentration-response curves, similar to that caused by verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. These data indicate that the essential oil of P. abrotanoides possesses spasmolytic activity mediated possibly through inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels, which may explain its medicinal use in colic and possibly diarrhea.

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