scholarly journals Studies on antidiarrheal and laxative activities of aqueous-ethanol extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius and underlying mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Aslam ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Spasmolytic Activity

Abstract Background Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (Asphodelaceae) has traditional reputability in treatment of diarrhea and constipation but no scientific study has been reported for its gastrointestinal effects. Present study was conducted to evaluate antidiarrheal and laxative activities of the plant. Methods Aqueous-ethanol crude extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius (At.Cr) was subjected to phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. In vivo studies of charcoal meal intestinal transit test, antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea and laxative activity were performed in mice. In vitro experiments were conducted upon rabbit jejunum preparations using standard tissue bath techniques. Results Phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and phenols in At.Cr. In charcoal meal intestinal transit test, At.Cr increased (p < 0.001) intestinal motility at 100 mg/kg dose, but decreased (p < 0.001) it at 500 mg/kg dose, when compared to the control group. At.Cr (300–700 mg/kg) provided protection from castor oil induced diarrhea in mice, which was significant (p < 0.001) at 500 and 700 mg/kg doses, as compared to the saline treated control group. At.Cr (50 and 100 mg/kg) enhanced total and wet feces counts in normal mice, as compared to saline treated control. In jejunum preparations, At.Cr inhibited spontaneous, K+ (80 mM) and K+ (25 mM) mediated contractions, similar to verapamil. Pre-incubation of jejunum preparations with At.Cr resulted in rightward nonparallel shift in Ca+ 2 concentration response curves, similar to verapamil. The spasmolytic activity was concentrated in ethylacetate fraction. Aqueous fraction exhibited spasmogenicity upon spontaneous contractions, which was blocked in presence of verapamil, but remained unaffected by other tested antagonists. Conclusion The Asphodelus tenuifolius crude extract possesses gut modulatory activity, which may normalize gut functions in diarrhea and constipation. The spasmolytic activity of the extract was found to be mediated through Ca+ 2 channel blocking action. The spasmogenic activity, found partitioned in aqueous fraction, possibly involves Ca+ 2 influx through voltage gated Ca+ 2 channels. The study supports ethnic uses of the plant in diarrhea and constipation.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Animesh Hazarika ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea. 

scholarly journals Calcium entry blocking activity of the Elaeagnus umbellata fruit extract explains its use in diarrhea and gut spasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyab Rafique ◽  
Taous Khan ◽  
Abdul Jabbar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Elaeagnus Umbellata ◽  
High K ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum

<p class="Abstract">This study was aimed to explore the pharmacological basis of potential medicinal use of <em>Elaeagnus umbellata</em> in gut disorders. Crude extract of <em>E. umbellata</em>, which was found positive for flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins, provided 9.9-71.9% protection in castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, like verapamil. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, crude extract caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K<sup>+</sup>-induced contractions, with respective EC<sub>50</sub> values of  0.3 (0.1-0.5) and 0.5 mg/mL, suggesting Ca<sup>++</sup> channel blockade (CCB). Pretreatment of tissue with crude extract (0.1–1 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in Ca<sup>++</sup> concentration-response curves. With the exception of aqueous fraction, <em>n</em>-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate inhibited spontaneous and high K<sup>+</sup>-induced contractions and displaced rightward Ca<sup>++</sup> concentration-response curves. Extract was found safe up to 10 mg/kg in mice. Our data shows that anti-diarrheal effect of crude extract of <em>E. umbellate</em> is due to CCB-mediated spasmolytic effect, concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction and suggests its medicinal importance in diarrhea and spasm.</p><p><strong>Video Clip</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/Qo_y3ULC4E0">Isolation of rat jejunum</a>:  2 min 32 sec </p>

scholarly journals Mentha longifolia lowers blood pressure in anesthetized rats through multiple pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jabbar Shah ◽  
Ishfaq Ali Bukhari ◽  
Anwarul Hassan Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
High K ◽  
Mentha Longifolia ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p>This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the extract of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> on blood pressure and the possible mechanisms. In anesthetized rats, the crude extract of <em>M. </em>longifolia and aqueous and chloroform fractions caused a dose-dependent fall in mean arterial pressure. Atropine pretreatment abolished the effect of extract and aqueous fraction but did not change that of chloroform fraction. In rabbit aortic rings, crude extract relaxed phenylephrine (1 µM) and high K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM) pre-contractions. Chloroform fraction was more potent against high K<sup>+</sup>, similar to verapamil and caused a rightward shift in the Ca<sup>++</sup> concentration-response curves. Aqueous fraction partially relaxed high K<sup>+</sup> pre-contractions. In rat aortic rings, crude extract and aqueous fraction-induced endothelium-dependent atropine-sensitive vasodilator effect. Extract and fractions also relaxed high K<sup>+</sup> precontractions. In guinea-pig atrial strips, crude extract and chloroform fraction suppressed force and rate of contractions, similar to verapamil. In conclusion, <em>M. </em>longifolia lowers blood pressure through Ca<sup>++</sup> channel blockade and atropine-sensitive-NO pathway.</p><p><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/Fz0MrZ6q2WI">Experiment using aorta:</a> 2 min 35 sec </p>

scholarly journals Effects of Funchicórea®, a Traditional Brazilian Herbal Complex, on Intestinal Motility in Healthy and Constipated Rodents

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Valéria L. Assis ◽  
Ana C. M. F. Veras ◽  
Priscilla M. P. Maciel ◽  
José G. F. Albuquerque ◽  
Carmem Zancanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Data ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Spasmolytic Activity ◽  
Rat Ileum ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The traditional herbal medicinal product Funchicórea® has been widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of intestinal colic and constipation in newborns. However, no scientific data on the herbal product to prove its efficacy is available. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the laxative and spasmolytic actions of Funchicórea®. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Swiss mice (Mus musculus) of both sex, were used. In vivo pharmacological assays were performed to evaluate the stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and in vitro studies to verify its spasmodic activity. Results: Funchicórea® increased the motility of the small intestine in male mice at doses of 100 mg/kg (161.66±14.86 %, n=6) and 200 mg/kg (151.04±17.17 %, n=6) compared to control (100.00±10.49 %, n=6). However, this drug did not induce any change in intestinal transit in female mice. The intestinal transit of male mice treated with loperamide (3 mg/kg/day, during three days) was reduced 66.25±7.49 % (n=8) compared to the control group (100.00±5.16%, n=8) and we observed the normalization of the intestinal transit in constipated animals treated with Funchicórea® 100 mg/Kg (98.42±6.33 %, and 200 mg/kg (99.32±8.47%, n=7). Similar results were observed in the quantification for 24 hours of male and female rats faeces constipated by loperamide (3 mg/kg/day three days), however, in both animals groups treated with Funchicórea® 100 mg/kg (1.24±2.90 g, male; 3.60±0.80 g, female, n=6) and 200 mg/Kg (8.70±2.01 g, male, 10.03±1.30 g, female, n=6) the levels of faeces returned to basal values compared to constipated group (4.01±1.43 g, male; 1.70±0.10 g, female, n=6). In addition, Funchicórea® (0.01-1000 μg/mL) elicited relaxation in rat ileum pre-contracted by KCl 40 mM (Emax=97.5±7.0 %, n=7) and carbachol (1 μM, Emax=100.0±7.0 %, n=7). Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrated that the herbal medicine Funchicórea® acts by stimulating the intestine of rats and mice and has spasmolytic activity in isolated rat ileum.

scholarly journals Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽  
Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽  
Birhanu Berihun Kidanu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hagenia Abyssinica ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of Bersama abyssinica fresen (Melianthaceae) in mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihret Ayalew ◽  
Azmeraw Bekele ◽  
Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Abstract Introduction The use of traditional medicinal plants in the management of diarrhea has long been practiced in Ethiopia. B. abyssinica fresen is one of the plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea whereas an in vivo study had not yet been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of B. abyssinica in mice. Methods Cold maceration within 80% methanol was used to extract the leaf powder and extract of the leaf was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. The in vivo antidiarrheal activity of crude extracts and solvent fractions were tested in experimental models of castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and antimotility test. Five groups each with 6 mice were used under the three antidiarrheal models. Positive controls were treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg and atropine 5 mg/kg and 2% tween 80 was used in the treatment of negative controls. The extract and solvent fractions were administered at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Time of onset of diarrhea, number and weight of total and wet feces, the percent reduction in the number of wet feces, weight and volume of intestinal contents, and percent inhibition of intestinal motility were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result Defecation of castor oil-induced diarrheal or loose stools was inhibited (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and aqueous fraction. The crude extract and the aqueous fraction at three doses (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), the chloroform fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), and the n-hexane fraction at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05) reduced intraluminal fluid accumulation compared with the negative control. Castor oil-induced intestinal motility was significantly suppressed with the three-doses of aqueous fraction (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), 400 mg/kg of chloroform and n-hexane (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) compared with negative control. Conclusion The crude extract, aqueous, and chloroform fractions of B. abyyssinica leaves have promising anti-diarrheal effects, supporting the plant's traditional use to treat diarrhea.

Phytochemical screening for identification of bioactive compounds of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) responsible for larvicidal action against Aedes triseriatus Say, 1823 (Diptera : Culicidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Rhitayu Chakraborti ◽  
Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aedes Triseriatus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lc50 Value

Study to assess the larvicidal property of Lantana camara leaves against Aedes triseriatus larvae found that the ethyl acetate extract had profound larvicidal action with the crude extract having a LC50 value of 409.831ppm. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract confirmed the presence of twenty-one compounds out of which beta-caryophyllene covered the highest percentage of the chromatogram area. Further tests with beta-caryophyllene against the mosquito larvae proved it to be the active ingredient of L. Camara with a LC50 value of 104.243ppm.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Valorization of the Pharmacological Potential of Phytochemical Compounds Contained in the Crude Extract of the Root of a Plant of Withania frutescens L

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. EL Moussaoui ◽  
F. Jawhari ◽  
K. EL Ouahdani ◽  
I. Es-Safi ◽  
D. Bousta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Our present study focuses on the evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and healing activity of Withania frutescens L. The anti-inflammatory result has an inhibition percentage of 78.87% ± 7.08 at 450 mg/kg and 75.14% ± 6.39 at 400 mg/kg and 89.75% ± 3.44 for diclofenac (1%). When applied locally, the 10% cream has an inflammation inhibition of 96.87% ± 5.85 and 76.14% ± 7.88 for the 5% cream with 89.87 ± 6.20 of reference (Indomethacin). The abdominal contractions of rats treated with the root extract are significantly lower than those of the control group that received only physiological NaCl solution, with 41.20 ± 2.30 for the extract and 82.20 ± 5.04 for NaCl and 53.40 ± 4.94 for the reference. The healing activity of the studied extract records a percentage of contraction of about 93.20% ± 3.36 (Extract 10%), 84.50% ± 3.84 (Extract 5%), 48.47% ± 2.15 (control) and 81.88 ± 2.24 for the reference.

scholarly journals Optimizing Manufacturing and Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Implants through Precision Casting and Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation? In Vivo Results of a Large-Scale Animal Trial

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wölfle-Roos JV ◽  
Katmer Amet B ◽  
Fiedler J ◽  
Michels H ◽  
Kappelt G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Precision Casting ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.

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