scholarly journals A Case Study Assessing the Auditory and Speech Development of Four Children Implanted with Cochlear Implants by the Chronological Age of 12 Months

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit May-Mederake ◽  
Wafaa Shehata-Dieler
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Monosyllabic Word ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Word Discrimination ◽  
Grammar Development

Children with severe hearing loss most likely receive the greatest benefit from a cochlear implant (CI) when implanted at less than 2 years of age. Children with a hearing loss may also benefit greater from binaural sensory stimulation. Four children who received their first CI under 12 months of age were included in this study. Effects on auditory development were determined using the German LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire, closed- and open-set monosyllabic word tests, aided free-field, the Mainzer and Göttinger speech discrimination tests, Monosyllabic-Trochee-Polysyllabic (MTP), and Listening Progress Profile (LiP). Speech production and grammar development were evaluated using a German language speech development test (SETK), reception of grammar test (TROG-D) and active vocabulary test (AWST-R). The data showed that children implanted under 12 months of age reached open-set monosyllabic word discrimination at an age of 24 months. LiP results improved over time, and children recognized 100% of words in the MTP test after 12 months. All children performed as well as or better than their hearing peers in speech production and grammar development. SETK showed that the speech development of these children was in general age appropriate. The data suggests that early hearing loss intervention benefits speech and language development and supports the trend towards early cochlear implantation. Furthermore, the data emphasizes the potential benefits associated with bilateral implantation.

Relationships Among Speech Perception, Production, Language, Hearing Loss, and Age in Children With Impaired Hearing

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Blamey ◽  
Julia Z. Sarant ◽  
Louise E. Paatsch ◽  
Johanna G. Barry ◽  
Catherine P. Bow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Over Time

Eighty-seven primary-school children with impaired hearing were evaluated using speech perception, production, and language measures over a 3-year period. Forty-seven children with a mean unaided pure-tone-average hearing loss of 106 dB HL used a 22-electrode cochlear implant, and 40 with a mean unaided puretone-average hearing loss of 78 dB HL were fitted with hearing aids. All children were enrolled in oral/aural habilitation programs, and most attended integrated classes with normally hearing children for part of the time at school. Multiple linear regression was used to describe the relationships among the speech perception, production, and language measures, and the trends over time. Little difference in the level of performance and trends was found for the two groups of children, so the perceptual effect of the implant is equivalent, on average, to an improvement of about 28 dB in hearing thresholds. Scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals showed an upward trend at about 60% of the rate for normally hearing children. Rates of improvement for individual children were not correlated significantly with degree of hearing loss. The children showed a wide scatter about the average speech production score of 40% of words correctly produced in spontaneous conversations, with no significant upward trend with age. Scores on the open-set Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) monosyllabic word test and the Bench-Kowal-Bamford (BKB) sentence test were strongly related to language level (as measured by an equivalent age on the PPVT) and speech production scores for both auditory-visual and auditory test conditions. After allowing for differences in language, speech perception scores in the auditory test condition showed a slight downward trend over time, which is consistent with the known biological effects of hearing loss on the auditory periphery and brainstem. Speech perception scores in the auditory condition also decreased significantly by about 5% for every 10 dB of hearing loss in the hearing aid group. The regression analysis model allows separation of the effects of language, speech production, and hearing levels on speech perception scores so that the effects of habilitation and training in these areas can be observed and/or predicted. The model suggests that most of the children in the study will reach a level of over 90% sentence recognition in the auditory-visual condition when their language becomes equivalent to that of a normally hearing 7-year-old, but they will enter secondary school at age 12 with an average language delay of about 4 or 5 years unless they receive concentrated and effective language training.

scholarly journals Using a Bone-Conduction Headset to Improve Speech Discrimination in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233121651985830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsin Holland Brown ◽  
Marina Salorio-Corbetto ◽  
Roger Gray ◽  
Alexandra James Best ◽  
Josephine E. Marriage
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Outcomes Of Education ◽  
Word Discrimination

The recommended management for children with otitis media with effusion (OME) is ‘watchful waiting’ before considering grommet surgery. During this time speech and language, listening skills, quality of life, social skills, and outcomes of education can be jeopardized. Air-conduction (AC) hearing aids are problematic due to fluctuating AC hearing loss. Bone-conduction (BC) hearing is stable, but BC hearing aids can be uncomfortable. Both types of hearing aids are costly. Given the high prevalence of OME and the transitory nature of the accompanying hearing loss, cost-effective solutions are needed. The leisure industry has developed relatively inexpensive, comfortable, high-quality BC headsets for transmission of speech or music. This study assessed whether these headsets, paired with a remote microphone, improve speech discrimination for children with OME. Nineteen children aged 3 to 6 years receiving recommended management in the United Kingdom for children with OME participated. Word-discrimination thresholds were measured in a sound-treated room in quiet and with 65 dB(A) speech-shaped noise, with and without a headset. The median threshold in quiet ( N = 17) was 39 dB(A) (range: 23–59) without a headset and 23 dB(A) (range: 9–35) with a headset ( Z = −3.519, p < .001). The median threshold in noise ( N = 19) was 59 dB(A) (range: 50–63) without a headset and 45 dB(A) (range: 32–50) with a headset (Z = −3.825, p < .001). Thus, the use of a BC headset paired with a remote microphone significantly improved speech discrimination in quiet and in noise for children with OME.

Noise Exposure, Hearing Loss, Speech Discrimination and Tinnitus

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (S9) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice H. Miller ◽  
John R. Jakimetz
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Word Discrimination

Noise exposure in the workplace and the recreational environment probably accounts for more new cases of tinnitus and hearing loss than all other causes combined. To an increasing degree, preemployment audiograms of late teenagers and those in their early twenties show noise-induced, sensorineural ‘notches’ greatest at 4000 or 6000 Hz with partial or complete recovery at 8000 Hz. Word discrimination tests, as typically evaluated in a clinical situation, show essentially normal findings although more difficult measures of consonant discriminations such as the California Consonant Test or conventional speech tests in a background of noise often demonstrate impaired word discrimination ability.

Reliability of Monosyllabic Discrimination Tests in White Noise for Differentiating Among Hearing Aids

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall C. Beattie ◽  
Bradly J. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Monosyllabic Word

In spite of criticism, monosyllabic discrimination tests are widely employed for hearing aid selection. The current study was designed to investigate the following questions: (1) How reliable is aided speech discrimination of monosyllables in a background of white noise? (2) Can differences among hearing aids be reliably demonstrated by measuring intelligibility of monosyllables in a background of white noise? and (3) Do hearing aids interact with hearing loss? Twenty subjects with mild-moderate sensorineural hearing losses participated in two experimental sessions. Four hearing aids were evaluated using the NU-6 monosyllables in a background of white noise (s/n = +20 dB). Since the standard deviation of the test-retest differences was 6%, differences between aids were not considered significant unless they exceeded 12%. An interaction between subjects and hearing aids was found; that is, the best aid for one person was not the best for all. Measuring monosyllabic word intelligibility in a background of white noise does not reliably identify a single best aid. However, one or more inferior aids were consistently eliminated in 80% of the subjects.

Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation of Prelingually and Perilingually Deafened Children and Adults with the Nucleus Multichannel Cochlear Implant

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel García ◽  
Clemencia Barón de Otero ◽  
Jorge García ◽  
Augusto Peñaranda ◽  
Claudia Niño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Surgical Complication ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Congenital Hearing Loss ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Speech Reception ◽  
Discrimination Testing ◽  
Deaf Adults

We began our program in September 1992, using the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant. To date, we have operated on four patients, one child with congenital hearing loss, two prelinguistically deaf adults and one perilingually deaf adult. Our results have shown a significant increase in auditory and speech reception and perception skills in the child. The perilingually deaf adult is able to understand speech in open set speech discrimination testing and, although we do not expect open set speech discrimination in the prelinguistically deaf adults, to date their results have been satisfactory. The two prelingually deaf adults are in an audiological rehabilitation program. Their response in prosodic aspects of speech and lipreading ability with sound have improved significantly. The only surgical complication was an infection of the flap in the child, but it was treated satisfactorily with I.V. penicillin.

Hearing loss in diabetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Cullen ◽  
M. J. Cinnamond
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Stapedial Reflex ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between diabetes and senbsorineural hearing loss has been disputed. This study compares 44 insulin-dependent diabetics with 38 age and sex matched controls. All had pure tone and speech audiometry performed, with any diabetics showing sensorineural deafness undergoing stapedial reflecx decat tests. In 14 diabetics stapedial reflex tests showed no tone decay in any patient, but seven showed evidence of recruitment. Analysis of vaiance showed the diabetics to be significantly deafer than the control population.The hearing loss affected high frequencies in both sexes, but also low frequencies in the male. Speech discrimination scores showed no differences. Further analysis by sex showed the males to account for most of the differences. Analysys of the audiograms showered mostly a high tone loss. Finally duration of disbetes, insulin dosage and family history of diabtes were not found to have a significant effect on threshold.

Cochlear Pathology in Presbycusis

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Schuknecht ◽  
Mark R. Gacek
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
High Tone ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Cochlear Duct ◽  
Cochlear Pathology ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
Word Discrimination

A survey of the temporal bone collection at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary reveals 21 cases that meet the criterion for the clinical diagnosis of presbycusis. It is evident that the previously advanced concept of four predominant pathologic types of presbycusis is valid, these being sensory, neural, strial, and cochlear conductive. An abrupt high-tone loss signals sensory presbycusis, a flat threshold pattern is indicative of strial presbycusis, and loss of word discrimination is characteristic of neural presbycusis. When the increments of threshold loss present a gradually decreasing linear distribution pattern on the audiometric scale and have no pathologic correlate, it is speculated that the hearing loss is caused by alterations in the physical characteristics of the cochlear duct, and the loss is identified as cochlear conductive presbycusis. It is clear that many individual cases do not separate into a specific type but have mixtures of these pathologic types and are termed mixed presbycusis. About 25% of all cases of presbycusis show none of the above characteristics and are classified as indeterminate presbycusis.

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