scholarly journals Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hypothalamic Nucleus in Wistar Rats Alters Circulatory Levels of Corticosterone and Proinflammatory Cytokines

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Calleja-Castillo ◽  
Dora Luz De La Cruz-Aguilera ◽  
Joaquín Manjarrez ◽  
Marco Antonio Velasco-Velázquez ◽  
Gabriel Morales-Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapeutic option for several diseases, but its effects on HPA axis activity and systemic inflammation are unknown. This study aimed to detect circulatory variations of corticosterone and cytokines levels in Wistar rats, after 21 days of DBS-at the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl), unilateral cervical vagotomy (UCVgX), or UCVgX plus DBS. We included the respective control (C) and sham (S) groups (n=6rats per group). DBS treated rats had higher levels of TNF-α(120%;P<0.01) and IFN-γ(305%;P<0.001) but lower corticosterone concentration (48%;P<0.001) than C and S. UCVgX animals showed increased corticosterone levels (154%;P<0.001) versus C and S. UCVgX plus DBS increased IL-1β(402%;P<0.001), IL-6 (160%;P<0.001), and corsticosterone (178%;P<0.001versus 48%;P<0.001) compared with the C and S groups. Chronic DBS at VMHvl induced a systemic inflammatory response accompanied by a decrease of HPA axis function. UCVgX rats experienced HPA axis hyperactivity as result of vagus nerve injury; however, DBS was unable to block the HPA axis hyperactivity induced by unilateral cervical vagotomy. Further studies are necessary to explore these findings and their clinical implication.

scholarly journals Intestinal Levodopa/Carbidopa Infusion as a Therapeutic Option for Unresponsive Freezing of Gait after Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Belén González-Herrero ◽  
Serge Jauma-Classen ◽  
Roser Gómez-Llopico ◽  
Gerard Plans ◽  
Matilde Calopa
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Deep Brain

Background. Treatment of freezing of gait (FOG) is always challenging because of its unpredictable nature and multifactorial physiopathology. Intestinal levodopa infusion has been proposed in recent years as a valuable option for its improvement. FOG in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can appear after deep brain stimulation in patients who never had gait symptoms. Objective. To study the effects of intestinal levodopa/carbidopa infusion in unresponsive-FOG that appears in PD patients treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Methods. We retrospectively collected and analyzed demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data from five PD patients treated with subthalamic nucleus stimulation who developed unresponsive-FOG and received intestinal levodopa/carbidopa infusion as an alternative therapy. FOG was measured based on scores in item 14 of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale before and after intestinal levodopa infusion. Results. Administration of intestinal levodopa caused improvement of FOG in the “ON” state in four patients (80%) by 2 or more points in item 14 of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. The improvement was maintained for at least 12 months. Conclusions. Intestinal levodopa infusion may be a valuable therapeutic option for unresponsive-FOG developed after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.

The role of prefrontal cortex dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the mechanism of action of venlafaxine and deep brain stimulation in animal models of treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Papp ◽  
Piotr Gruca ◽  
Magdalena Lason ◽  
Monika Niemczyk ◽  
Paul Willner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Wistar Kyoto Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Deep Brain

Aims: The Wistar-Kyoto rat has been validated as an animal model of treatment-resistant depression. Here we investigated a role of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex in the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats and venlafaxine in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar or Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed chronically to chronic mild stress. Wistar rats were treated chronically with venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) beginning after two weeks of chronic mild stress; Wistar-Kyoto rats received two sessions of deep brain stimulation before behavioural tests. L-742,626 (1 µg), a D2 receptor agonist, or 7-OH DPAT (3 µg), a D3 receptor antagonist, were infused into the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex immediately following the exposure trial in the Novel Object Recognition Test, and discrimination between novel and familiar object was tested one hour later. Results: Chronic mild stress decreased sucrose intake and impaired memory consolidation; these effects were reversed by venlafaxine in Wistar rats and deep brain stimulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats. In control animals, L-742,626 and 7-OH DPAT also impaired memory consolidation. In Wistar rats, venlafaxine reversed the effect of L-742,626 in controls, but not in the chronic mild stress group, and venlafaxine did not reverse the effect of 7-OH DPAT in either group. In Wistar-Kyoto rats, deep brain stimulation reversed the effect of both L-742,626 and 7-OH DPAT in both control and chronic mild stress groups. Conclusions: We conclude that the action of venlafaxine to reverse the impairment of memory consolidation caused by chronic mild stress in Wistar rats involves D2 receptors in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex; but the effect of deep brain stimulation to reverse the same effect in Wistar-Kyoto rats does not.

Functional MRI response and correlated electrophysiological changes during posterior hypothalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K. Young ◽  
Andrew R. Brown ◽  
Jordan H.B. Robinson ◽  
Ursula I. Tuor ◽  
Jeff F. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Deep Brain

Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Cluster Headache: Experience From a New Multicase Series

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bartsch ◽  
MO Pinsker ◽  
D Rasche ◽  
T Kinfe ◽  
F Hertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chronic Cluster Headache ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus was found to be effective in the treatment of drug-resistant chronic cluster headache. We report the results of a multicentre case series of six patients with chronic cluster headache in whom a DBS in the posterior hypothalamus was performed. Electrodes were implanted stereotactically in the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamus according to published coordinates 2 mm lateral, 3 mm posterior and 5 mm inferior referenced to the mid-AC-PC line. Microelectrode recordings at the target revealed single unit activity with a mean discharge rate of 17 Hz (range 13-35 Hz, n = 4). Out of six patients, four showed a profound decrease of their attack frequency and pain intensity on the visual analogue scale during the first 6 months. Of these, one patient was attack free for 6 months under neurostimulation before returning to the baseline which led to abortion of the DBS. Two patients had experienced only a marginal, non-significant decrease within the first weeks under neurostimulation before returning to their former attack frequency. After a mean follow-up of 17 months, three patients are almost completely attack free, whereas three patients can be considered as treatment failures. The stimulation was well tolerated and stimulation-related side-effects were not observed on long term. DBS of the posterior inferior hypothalamus is an effective therapeutic option in a subset of patients. Future controlled multi-centre trials will need to confirm this open-label experience and should help to better define predictive factors for non-responders.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation in KMT2B-Related Dystonia: Case Report and Review of the Literature With Special Emphasis on Dysarthria and Speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abel ◽  
Robert Pfister ◽  
Iman Hussein ◽  
Fahd Alsalloum ◽  
Christina Onyinzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Corticobulbar Tract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deep Brain

Objective: KMT2B-related dystonia is a progressive childhood-onset movement disorder, evolving from lower-limb focal dystonia into generalized dystonia. With increasing age, children frequently show prominent laryngeal or facial dystonia manifesting in dysarthria. Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi-DBS) is reported to be an efficient therapeutic option. Especially improvement of dystonia and regaining of independent mobility is commonly described, but detailed information about the impact of GPi-DBS on dysarthria and speech is scarce.Methods: We report the 16-months outcome after bilateral GPi-DBS in an 8-year-old child with KMT2B-related dystonia caused by a de-novo c.3043C&gt;T (p.Arg1015*) non-sense variant with special emphasis on dysarthria and speech. We compare the outcome of our patient with 59 patients identified through a PubMed literature search.Results: A remarkable improvement of voice, articulation, respiration and prosodic characteristics was seen 16 months after GPi-DBS. The patients' speech intelligibility improved. His speech became much more comprehensible not only for his parents, but also for others. Furthermore, his vocabulary and the possibility to express his feelings and wants expanded considerably.Conclusion: A positive outcome of GPi-DBS on speech and dysarthria is rarely described in the literature. This might be due to disease progression, non-effectiveness of DBS or due to inadvertent spreading of the electrical current to the corticobulbar tract causing stimulation induced dysarthria. This highlights the importance of optimal lead placement, the possibility of horizontal steering of the electrical field by applying directional stimulation with segmented leads as well as the use of the lowest possible effective stimulation intensity.

scholarly journals Deep brain stimulation for intractable neuropathic facial pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. E15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharona Ben-Haim ◽  
Zaman Mirzadeh ◽  
William S. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Pain Disability Index ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Maximum Improvement ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECTIVEDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established, evidence-based therapy with FDA approval for Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. Despite the early successful use of DBS to target the sensory thalamus for intractable facial pain, subsequent studies pursuing various chronic pain syndromes reported variable efficacy, keeping DBS for pain as an investigational and “off-label” use. The authors report promising results for a contemporary series of patients with intractable facial pain who were treated with DBS.METHODSPain outcomes for 7 consecutive patients with unilateral, intractable facial pain undergoing DBS of the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM) and the periaqueductal gray (PAG) were retrospectively reviewed. Pain was assessed preoperatively and at multiple postoperative time points using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2), and the Pain Disability Index (PDI).RESULTSVAS scores significantly decreased from a mean ± SD of 9.0 ± 1.3 preoperatively to 2.6 ± 1.5 at 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.001). PDI scores decreased from a mean total of 48.5 to 28.5 (p = 0.01). SF-MPQ-2 scores decreased from a mean of 4.6 to 2.4 (p = 0.03). Notably, several patients did not experience maximum improvement until 6–9 months postoperatively, correlating with repeated programming adjustments.CONCLUSIONSDBS of the VPM and PAG is a potential therapeutic option for patients suffering from severe, intractable facial pain refractory to other interventions. Improved efficacy may be observed over time with close follow-up and active DBS programming adjustments.

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