scholarly journals Physiological Properties and Salmonella Growth Inhibition of Probiotic Bacillus Strains Isolated from Environmental and Poultry Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Menconi ◽  
Marion J. Morgan ◽  
Neil R. Pumford ◽  
Billy M. Hargis ◽  
Guillermo Tellez
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Strains

The objective of the present study was to describe the physiological properties of seven potential probiotic strains of Bacillus spp. Isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and by 16S rRNA sequence analyses for identification. Tolerance to acidic pH, high osmotic concentrations of NaCl, and bile salts were tested. Isolates were also evaluated for their ability to metabolize different carbohydrates sources. The antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were determined. Inhibition of gastrointestinal Salmonella colonization in an avian model was also evaluated. Five strains of Bacillus were tolerant to acidic conditions (pH 2.0) and all strains were tolerant to a high osmotic pressure (NaCl at 6.5%). Moreover, all strains were able to tolerate concentration of 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. Three strains were able to significantly reduce Salmonella Typhimurium levels in the crop and in the ceca of broiler-type chickens. Among the 12 antibiotics tested for antibiotic resistance, all strains were resistant to bacitracin and susceptible to gentamycin, neomycin, ormethoprim, triple sulfa, and spectinomycin. Bacterial spore formers have been shown to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in animals and humans. The results obtained in this study show important characteristics to be evaluated when selecting Bacillus spp. candidates to be used as probiotics.

The “Nostocoida limicola” story: resolving the phylogeny of this morphotype responsible for bulking in activated sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Seviour ◽  
J.-R. Liu ◽  
E.M. Seviour ◽  
C.A. McKenzie ◽  
L.L. Blackall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Variants

On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analyses of several isolates of “Nostocoida limicola” from activated sludge plants in Australia and other countries, it is clear that “N. limicola” I, II and III are not three morphological variants of a single bacterium but at least three phylogenetically different bacteria. Data show that “N. limicola” I are members of at least two genera in the low mol% G+C Gram-positive bacteria, while some isolates of “N.limicola” II belong to the high mol% G+C Gram positive bacteria, and “N.limicola” III is a member of the Planctomycetales. Design and application of 16S rRNA targeted probes for each to biomass samples suggests that their phylogeny is more diverse than pure culture studies would suggest.

scholarly journals Elucidation of Gut Microbiota-Associated Lipids Using LC-MS/MS and 16S rRNA Sequence Analyses

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 101841
Author(s):  
Shu Yasuda ◽  
Nobuyuki Okahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Tsugawa ◽  
Yusuke Ogata ◽  
Kazutaka Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Fluorescent Lectin-Based Staining Technique for Some Acidophilic Mining Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2208-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Jay Fife ◽  
Debby F. Bruhn ◽  
Karen S. Miller ◽  
Daphne L. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Background Staining

ABSTRACT A fluorescence-labeled wheat germ agglutinin staining technique (R. K. Sizemore et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:2245–2247, 1990) was modified and found to be effective for staining gram-positive, acidophilic mining bacteria. Bacteria identified by others as being gram positive through 16S rRNA sequence analyses, yet clustering near the divergence of that group, stained weakly. Gram-negative bacteria did not stain. Background staining of environmental samples was negligible, and pyrite and soil particles in the samples did not interfere with the staining procedure.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas eucalypticola sp. nov., a producer of antifungal agents isolated from Eucalyptus dunnii leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Liu ◽  
Zhang Song ◽  
Hualong Zeng ◽  
Meng Lu ◽  
Weiyao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence Analysis

AbstractPseudomonas are ubiquitously occurring microorganisms and are known for their ability to produce antimicrobials. An endophytic bacterial strain NP-1 T, isolated from Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, exhibits antifungal properties against five tested phytopathogenic fungi. The strain is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium containing a single polar flagellum. It is strictly aerobic, grows at 4–37 °C, 2–5% NaCl, and pH 3–7. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that NP-1 T belongs to the Pseudomonas genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on four concatenated partial genes (16S rDNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD) and the phylogenomic tree indicated that NP-1 T belongs to Pseudomonas fluorescens lineage but is distinct from any known Pseudomonas species. The G + C mol % of NP-1 T genome is 63.96, and the differences between NP-1 T and related species are larger than 1. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and tetranucleotide signatures are 23.8 and 0.97, which clearly separates strain NP-1 T from its closest neighbours, Pseudomonas coleopterorum and Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae. Its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features confirmed its differentiation from related taxa. The results from this polyphasic approach support the classification of NP-1 T as a novel species of Pseudomonas, and the name of Pseudomonas eucalypticola is thus proposed for this strain, whose type is NP-1 T (= CCTCC M2018494T = JCM 33572 T).

scholarly journals 16S rRNA Sequence-based Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Aquatic Bacteria by On-chip Hybridization Following Multiplex PCR

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Ichijo ◽  
Nobuyasu Yamaguchi ◽  
Katsuji Tani ◽  
Masao Nasu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Aquatic Bacteria ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutritional Value, Techno-Functional, and In Vitro Physiological Properties of Six Edible Insects

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Yolanda Aguilera ◽  
Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz ◽  
Irene Pastrana ◽  
Vanesa Benitez ◽  
Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Foaming Capacity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition, techno-functional, and in vitro physiological properties of flours from six different insect species (mealworm, beetle, caterpillar, ant, locust, and cricket). The chemical composition of insects was evaluated following the standard methods (AOAC). Bulk density, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, water absorption capacity, swelling capacity, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and gelation capacity were measured. In vitro antioxidant capacity was measured by the direct ABTS method. Hypoglycemic (glucose adsorption and the inhibition of α-amylase, glucose diffusion, and starch hydrolysis) and hypolipidemic (cholesterol and bile salts binding and lipase inhibition capacities) were investigated using in vitro methods. Insect flours exhibited a high content of protein (39.4%–58.1%) and fat (17.7%–50.1%) as main components, although the presence of chitin in ant samples was also highlighted. The techno-functional properties showed high oil holding, swelling, and emulsifying capacities in all insect flours analyzed, besides bulk density, hydration properties, and foaming capacity showing average values and no gelation capacity. Insects showed high antioxidant capacity (179–221 mg Trolox equivalents/g). Moreover, these edible insect flours revealed effective hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic properties. Insect flours inhibited α-amylase activity (47.1%–98.0%) and retarded glucose diffusion (17.2%–29.6%) and starch hydrolysis (18.2%–88.1%). Likewise, they bound cholesterol and bile salts (8.4%–98.6%) and inhibited lipase activity (8.9%–47.1%). Hence, these insect flours might be of great interest to the food industry, being a healthy source of protein, exerting a positive impact on functional food properties, and potentially preventing the development of diseases associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Acquisition of an Agrobacterium Ri Plasmid and Pathogenicity by Other α-Proteobacteria in Cucumber and Tomato Crops Affected by Root Mat

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2779-2785 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Weller ◽  
D. E. Stead ◽  
J. P. W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Ri Plasmid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling ◽  
Transformation Rates ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Average Transformation

ABSTRACT Root mat of cucumbers and tomatoes has previously been shown to be caused by Agrobacterium radiobacter strains harboring a root-inducing Ri plasmid (pRi). Nine other pRi-harboring α-Proteobacteria have subsequently been isolated from root mat-infected crops. Fatty acid profiling and partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified three of these strains as being in the genus Ochrobactrum, five as being in the genus Rhizobium, and one as being in the genus Sinorhizobium. An in vitro pathogenicity test involving inoculation of cucumber cotyledons was developed. All pRi-harboring α-Proteobacteria induced typical root mat symptoms from the cotyledons. Average transformation rates for rhizogenic Ochrobactrum (46%) and Rhizobium (44%) strains were lower than those observed for rhizogenic A. radiobacter strains (64%). However, individual strains from these three genera all had transformation rates comparable to those observed from cotyledons inoculated with a rhizogenic Sinorhizobium strain (75%).

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