scholarly journals Synthesis and Reactions of Five-Membered Heterocycles Using Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. El-Sayed ◽  
Omyma A. Abd Allah ◽  
Ahmed M. M. El-Saghier ◽  
Shaaban K. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Active Intermediates

Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been widely used for the synthesis of organic compounds particularly in both liquid-liquid and solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction mixtures. They are known to accelerate reaction rates by facilitating formation of interphase transfer of species and making reactions between reagents in two immiscible phases possible. Application of PTC instead of traditional technologies for industrial processes of organic synthesis provides substantial benefits for the environment. On the basis of numerous reports it is evident that phase-transfer catalysis is the most efficient way for generation and reactions of many active intermediates. In this review we report various uses of PTC in syntheses and reactions of five-membered heterocycles compounds and their multifused rings.

scholarly journals Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts with Hydrogen Bond: A Powerful Tool in the Asymmetric Synthesis

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Made In

Asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis has been widely applied into organic synthesis for efficiently creating chiral functional molecules. In the past decades, chiral phase-transfer catalysts with proton donating groups are emerging as an extremely significant strategy in the design of novel catalysts, and a large number of enantioselective reactions have been developed. In particular, the proton donating groups including phenol, amide, and (thio)-urea exhibited unique properties for cooperating with the phase-transfer catalysts, and great advances on this field have been made in the past few years. This review summarizes the seminal works on the design, synthesis, and applications of chiral phase-transfer catalysts with strong hydrogen bonding interactions.

Organic Synthesis Engineering

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Doraiswamy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

This book will formally launch "organic synthesis engineering" as a distinctive field in the armory of the reaction engineer. Its main theme revolves around two developments: catalysis and the role of process intensification in enhancing overall productivity. Each of these two subjects are becoming increasingly useful in organic synthesis engineering, especially in the production of medium and small volume chemicals and enhancing reaction rates by extending laboratory techniques, such as ultrasound, phase transfer catalysts, membrane reactor, and microwaves, to industrial scale production. This volume describes the applications of catalysis in organic synthesis and outlines different techniques of reaction rate and/or selectivity enhancement against a background of reaction engineering principles for both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

Phase-transfer catalysis. A general green methodology in organic synthesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczyslaw Makosza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Green Methodology

Basic concept of phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), its field of applications and specific features as the most general, efficient, and environment-friendly green methodology of organic synthesis, particularly for industrial processes, is discussed.

A Kinetic Study on the Synthesis of N-arylation of Indole Under Synergetic Effect of Multi-Site Phase Transfer Catalysis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Manickam Sathiyaraj ◽  
Perumal Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Liquid Condition ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

Background: Phase transfer catalysis technique is recognized as an attractive method for synthesizing several organic compounds under heterogeneous reaction. Methods: In this study, the effect of Multi-site Phase-Transfer Catalyst (MPTC) was tested during the synthesis of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-indole from 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (CNB) and indole in a heterogeneous solid-liquid condition using sodium hydroxide at 50°C. Results: In a synergetic condition, in the presence of MPTC the conversion of 1-chloro-4- nitrobenzeneyield was increased, which is proved the efficacy of this catalyst. In addition, the rate of this reaction was also enhanced by the change in volume of water. Conclusion: The apparent reaction rate was found to be of pseudo-first-order kinetics. MPTC is a promising tool for many organic reactions. Therefore, increase the rate constant can be achieved by various parameters, such as temperature, MPTC, sodium hydroxide, and stirring speed.

Green Application of Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Oxidation: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Chuan-Hui Wang ◽  
Chen-Fu Liu ◽  
Guo-Wu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Onium Salts

Oxidation reactions have emerged as one of the most versatile tools in organic chemistry. Various onium salts such as ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium, bismuthonium, tellurium have been used as phase transfer catalysts in many oxidation reactions. Certainly, considerable catalysts have been widely used in Phase-Transfer Catalysis (PTC). This review focuses on the application of PTC in various oxidation reaction. Furthermore, PTC also conforms to the concept of “Green Chemistry”. <p></p> • Oxidation has become one of the most widely used tools in organic chemistry and phase transfer catalysts has been widely used in oxidation. <p></p> • The application of phase transfer catalysts in oxidation reaction will be summarized. <p></p> • Phase transfer catalysts have important application in various oxidation reaction.

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