scholarly journals Simple, Fast, and Cost-Effective Fabrication of Wafer-Scale Nanohole Arrays on Silicon for Antireflection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Di ◽  
Xuezhong Wu ◽  
Peitao Dong ◽  
Chaoguang Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wafer Scale ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Nanohole Arrays ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Hole Arrays

A simple, fast, and cost-effective method was developed in this paper for the high-throughput fabrication of nanohole arrays on silicon (Si), which is utilized for antireflection. Wafer-scale polystyrene (PS) monolayer colloidal crystal was developed as templates by spin-coating method. Metallic shadow mask was prepared by lifting off the oxygen etched PS beads from the deposited chromium film. Nanohole arrays were fabricated by Si dry etching. A series of nanohole arrays were fabricated with the similar diameter but with different depth. It is found that the maximum depth of the Si-hole was determined by the diameter of the Cr-mask. The antireflection ability of these Si-hole arrays was investigated. The results show that the reflection decreases with the depth of the Si-hole. The deepest Si-hole arrays show the best antireflection ability (reflection < 9%) at long wavelengths (>600 nm), which was about 28 percent of the nonpatterned silicon wafer’s reflection. The proposed method has the potential for high-throughput fabrication of patterned Si wafer, and the low reflectivity allows the application of these wafers in crystalline silicon solar cells.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Electrical Properties of PERC Approach Applied to Monocrystalline and Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyu Wang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Monocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Multicrystalline Silicon ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Commercial Applications

At present, the improvement in performance and the reduction of cost for crystalline silicon solar cells are a key for photovoltaic industry. Passivated emitter and rear cells are the most promising technology for next-generation commercial solar cells. The efficiency gains of passivated emitter and rear cells obtained on monocrystalline silicon wafer and multicrystalline silicon wafer are different. People are puzzled as to how to develop next-generation industrial cells. In this paper, both monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells for commercial applications with passivated emitter and rear cells structure were fabricated by using cost-effective process. It was found that passivated emitter and rear cells are more effective for monocrystalline silicon solar cells than for multicrystalline silicon solar cells. This study gives some hints about the industrial-scale mass production of passivated emitter and rear cells process.

The Business of Fast ALD Equipment for Depositing Alumina Passivation Layers on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells.

2011 ◽  
Vol 1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad Vermeer ◽  
Roger Gortzen ◽  
P. Poodt ◽  
F. Roozeboom
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Alumina Layer ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Cell Efficiency

ABSTRACTAtomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is a gas phase deposition technique for depositing very high quality thin films with an unsurpassed conformality. The main drawback of ALD however is the very low deposition rate (~ 1 nm/min). Recently, record deposition rates for alumina of up to 1 nm/s were reached using spatial ALD, while maintaining the typical assets regarding film quality as obtained by conventional, slow ALD [1]. This allows for ALD at high throughput numbers.One interesting application is passivation of crystalline silicon solar cells. Applying a thin alumina layer is reported to increase solar cell efficiency and enables the use of thinner wafers, thus reducing the main cost factor [2]. In this paper we report on the latest progress made by SoLayTec that delivered a working prototype of a system realizing full area single sided deposition of alumina on 156 x 156 mm2, mono- and multi crystalline silicon wafers for solar cell applications. The alumina layers showed excellent passivation. Based on this concept, a high-throughput ALD deposition tool is being developed targeting throughput numbers of up to 3000 wafers/hr. Finally, we report on the process of commercializing this technology.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of colorectal carcinoma using high throughput SNP genotyping technique within the population of Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Sharma ◽  
Shabab Angurana ◽  
Amrita Bhat ◽  
Sonali Verma ◽  
Divya Bakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Snp Genotyping ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Multiple Samples

Abstract Background SNP genotyping has become increasingly more common place to understand the genetic basis of complex diseases like cancer. SNP-genotyping through massARRAY is a cost-effective method to quantitatively analyse the variation of gene expression in multiple samples, making it a potential tool to identify the underlying causes of colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods In the present study, SNP genotyping was carried out using Agena mass ARRAY, which is a cost-effective, robust, and sensitive method to analyse multiple SNPs simultaneously. We analysed 7 genes in 492 samples (100 cases and 392 controls) associated with CRC within the population of Jammu and Kashmir. These SNPs were selected based on their association with multiple cancers in literature. Results This is the first study to explore these SNPs with colorectal cancer within the J&K population.7 SNPs with a call rate of 90% were selected for the study. Out of these, one SNP i.e. rs2229080 of DCC was found to be significantly associated with the current study and 6 were non-significantly associated with CRC within the studied population. The allelic OR observed for the variant rs2229080 of DCC was 1.5 (1.1–2.3 at 95% CI), p value = 0.02. Conclusion This is the first study to find the relation of Genetic variants with the colorectal cancer within the studied population using high throughput mass ARRAY technology. It is further anticipated that the variants should be evaluated in other population groups that may aid in understanding the genetic complexity and bridge the missing heritability.

scholarly journals H2O/O2 Vapor Annealing Effect on Spin Coating Alumina Thin Films for Passivation of Silicon Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdullah Uzum ◽  
Hiroyuki Kanda ◽  
Takuma Noguchi ◽  
Yuya Nakazawa ◽  
Shota Taniwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Passivation Layers ◽  
Coating Method

Aluminum acetylacetonate-based AlOx thin films were introduced as a low-cost, high-quality passivation layers for crystalline silicon solar cells. Films were formed by a spin coating method on p-type silicon substrates at 450°C in ambient air, O2, or water vapor (H2O/O2) for 15 or 120 min. XPS analysis confirms the AlOx formation and reveals a high intensity of interfacial SiOx at the AlOx/Si interface of processed wafers. Ambient H2O/O2 was found to be more beneficial for the activation of introduced AlOx passivation films which offers high lifetime improvements with a low thermal budget. Carrier lifetime measurements provides that symmetrically coated wafers reach 119.3 μs and 248.3 μs after annealing in ambient H2O/O2 for 15 min and 120 min, respectively.

Wire mask assisted rolling as a cost-effective method for high-throughput surface micro-texturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 075010
Author(s):  
Anvesh Gaddam ◽  
Ashwin Prabhakaran ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Suhas S Joshi
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Combined EL and LBIC Study of the Electrical Activity of Defects in Solar Cells Based on Innovative Wafers Grown by Casting Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 725 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Benito Moralejo ◽  
Vanesa Hortelano ◽  
Oscar Martínez ◽  
Juan Jiménez ◽  
Miguel Angel González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Wafer Scale ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Spatially Resolved

In this paper we combine LBIC and EL measurements of commercially multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, in order to obtain detailed information about the electrical activity around defect areas. This integrated analysis is suitable for the study of different crystal defects at both micrometric and full wafer scale. In particular, the electrical activity of some defect areas is studied in detail by means of highly spatially-resolved LBIC maps, showing important differences in their behaviours. A discussion about the origin of these differences is presented.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of colorectal carcinoma using high throughput SNP genotyping technique within the population of Jammu and Kashmir.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Sharma ◽  
Shabab Angurana ◽  
Amrita Bhat ◽  
Sonali Verma ◽  
Divya Bakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Snp Genotyping ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Multiple Samples

Abstract Background SNP genotyping has become increasingly more common place to understand the genetic basis of complex diseases like cancer. SNP-genotyping through massARRAY is a cost-effective method to quantitatively analyse the variation of gene expression in multiple samples, making it a potential tool to identify the underlying causes of colorectal carcinogenesis.Methods In the present study, SNP genotyping was carried out using Agena mass ARRAY, which is a cost-effective, robust, and sensitive method to analyse multiple SNPs simultaneously. We analysed 7 genes in 492 samples (100 cases and 392 controls) associated with CRC within the population of Jammu and Kashmir. These SNPs were selected based on their association with multiple cancers in literature.Results This is the first study to explore these SNPs with colorectal cancer within the J&K population.7 SNPs with a call rate of 90% were selected for the study. Out of these, one SNP i.e. rs2229080 of DCC was found to be significantly associated with the current study and 6 were non-significantly associated with CRC within the studied population. The allelic OR observed for the variant rs2229080 of DCC was 1.5 (1.1–2.3 at 95% CI), p value = 0.02.Conclusion This is the first study to find the relation of Genetic variants with the colorectal cancer within the studied population using high throughput mass ARRAY technology. It is further anticipated that the variants should be evaluated in other population groups that may aid in understanding the genetic complexity and bridge the missing heritability.

scholarly journals Fotovoltaïese elektrisiteit

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
R. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Third World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Market ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
First World

PPhotovoltaic electricity (PV) is a free and clean source of renewable energy and presents a solution for many of the socio-economic problems of both first world and third world communities. Large-scale introduction of PV is currently hampered by the high cost of solar cells. At present crystalline silicon solar cells dominate the world market. These cells consist of flat wafers pure Si with a p-n junction and the technology is almost perfected with cell efficiencies of 24%. The efficiency of poly-crystalline wafers is somewhat lower but they are more cost effective.

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