Demography and Histologic Pattern of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Kenya

Background. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer worldwide.Objective. To determine the demographic characteristics of patients with laryngeal cancer, establish their tumor characteristics and relate it to their smoking and alcohol ingestion habits.Methods. Fifty cases and fifty controls were recruited of matching age, sex, and region of residence. History and pattern of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion was taken and analyzed.Results. 33 (66%) of the cases and 3 (6%) among controls were current cigarette smokers. 74% had smoked for more than 30 years,P<0.0001OR 21.3 (95% CI: 2.6–176.1). There was a male predominance (96%) and most cases (62%) were from the ethnic communities in the highland areas of Kenya predominantly in Central and Eastern provinces. Very heavy drinkers had increased risk ofP<0.0001OR, 6.0 (95% CI: 1.957–18.398) and those who smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol had poorly differentiated tumors G3,P<0.001, OR 11.652 (95% CI 2.305–58.895), and G4,P=0.52OR 7.286 (95% CI 0.726–73.075). They also presented with advanced disease (73.6%).Conclusion. Cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion are strong risk factors for development of late stage and poorly differentiated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Kenya.

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Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Ingestion as Risk Factors for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

Clinical Medicine Insights Ear Nose and Throat ◽

10.4137/cment.s8610 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. CMENT.S8610 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pyeko Menach ◽

Herbert O. Oburra ◽

Asmeeta Patel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Alcohol Ingestion ◽

Glottic Cancer ◽

Increased Risk

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is strongly linked to cigarette smoking. It is estimated to account for more than 70% of laryngeal SCCs and up to 89% in combination with alcohol. We wished to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and estimate risk attributed to cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion. Fifty experimental group patients and fifty controls were recruited of matching age, sex and region of residence. History of smoking and alcohol intake was taken and analyzed to estimate the relative strengths of these exposures. Cessation of smoking was associated with reduced risk of SCC. Smokers had increased risk compared to controls. Those who smoked only had a higher glottic cancer risk. Those who smoked and drank alcohol had a higher supraglottic cancer risk. Being a current smoker and long duration of smoking were independent risk factors of laryngeal SCC.

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CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms or their combinations are associated with the increased risk of the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.01.027 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 574 (1-2) ◽

pp. 112-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Marzena Gajecka ◽

Malgorzata Rydzanicz ◽

Renata Jaskula-Sztul ◽

Maciej Kujawski ◽

Witold Szyfter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Increased Risk

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Lack of Expression of Galectin-3 Is Associated With a Poor Outcome in Node-Negative Patients With Laryngeal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2002.01.078 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 3850-3856 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Mauro Piantelli ◽

Stefano Iacobelli ◽

Giovanni Almadori ◽

Manuela Iezzi ◽

Nicola Tinari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Node Negative ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Galectin 3

PURPOSE: Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic carbohydrate-binding protein participating in a variety of normal and pathologic processes, including cancer progression. This study was aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of galectin-3 expression in node-negative laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Galectin-3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using M3/38 monoclonal antibody, in a single-institution series of 73 node-negative laryngeal SCC patients (median follow-up, 52 months; range, 2 to 90 months). RESULTS: Forty-two (57.5%) of 73 patients expressed galectin-3. Galectin-3 expression was positively associated with tumor keratinization and histologic grade. A significant correlation was found between galectin-3 tumor positivity and longer relapse-free and overall survival. In univariate analysis, high-grade (grade 3 or 4) tumors, nonkeratinizing tumors, and galectin-3–negative tumors showed a significantly increased risk of relapse and death. In multivariate analysis, only galectin-3 expression retained an independent prognostic significance for both relapse-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the absence of galectin-3 expression is an independent negative prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC patients. Thus, histochemical detection of galectin-3 in these tumors could be useful for the selection of node-negative patients with potentially unfavorable outcomes, to establish adjuvant therapy protocols.

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Smoking and inflammation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh180313084s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 (1-2) ◽

pp. 76-80

Author(s):

Jelena Sotirovic ◽

Aleksandar Peric ◽

Danilo Vojvodic ◽

Nenad Baletic ◽

Milanko Milojevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Published Data ◽

Proinflammatory Response ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction/Objective Epidemiological studies have established cigarette smoking as one of the most significant risk factors in pathogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). One of the possible underlying mechanism is chronic inflammation, but published data regarding the effect of tobacco on systemic immune response is inconsistent. The goal of this study was to evaluate concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1?, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?] in patients with LSCC and in healthy subjects according to cigarette smoking. Methods Fifty-nine LSCC patients and 44 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Samples of peripheral blood and details of tobacco use were gathered from the examinees. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1?, and TNF-?. The results were compared according to active smoking status. Results Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between smoking LSCC patients and smoking healthy subjects. Additionally, investigated cytokines were not significantly different in healthy subjects according to smoking status. In non-smoking participants with LSCC, concentrations of serum IL-1? and TNF-? were higher (p < 0.05) in comparison with smoking LSCC patients. Conclusion Findings of our study may indicate that smoking leads to the suppression of proinflammatory response in LSCC patients, whilst proinflammatory response is unaffected by cigarettes in healthy subjects.

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Firefighter occupation is associated with increased risk for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma among men from the Greater Boston area

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2019-106271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 381-385

Author(s):

Scott M Langevin ◽

Melissa Eliot ◽

Rondi A Butler ◽

Michael McClean ◽

Karl T Kelsey

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Smoking History ◽

Occupational History ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectiveFirefighters are exposed to a wide variety of carcinogens during the line of duty, including several associated with head and neck cancer. Existing studies assessing head and neck cancer risk with firefighting have predominately included occupational cohorts or registry data, which are limited by inability to adjust for smoking and alcohol consumption—major risk factors for head and neck cancer. Our objective was to assess the risk of head and neck cancer among men with an occupational history as a firefighter.MethodsThis work was conducted using male subjects from a large population-based case–control study of head and neck cancer from the greater Boston area using self-reported occupational history (718 cases and 905 controls).ResultsAn occupational history as a firefighter was reported for 11 cases and 14 controls. Although no significant association was observed overall, we observed substantial increased risk for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma among professional municipal firefighters who had a light or no smoking history (OR=8.06, 95% CI 1.74 to 37.41), with significantly increasing risk per decade as a firefighter (OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.14).ConclusionProfessional municipal firefighters may be at increased risk for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma due to carcinogenic exposures encountered during the line of duty.

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