scholarly journals Soil Fungal Resources in Annual Cropping Systems and Their Potential for Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Ellouze ◽  
Ahmad Esmaeili Taheri ◽  
Luke D. Bainard ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Navid Bazghaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

Soil fungi are a critical component of agroecosystems and provide ecological services that impact the production of food and bioproducts. Effective management of fungal resources is essential to optimize the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. In this review, we (i) highlight the functional groups of fungi that play key roles in agricultural ecosystems, (ii) examine the influence of agronomic practices on these fungi, and (iii) propose ways to improve the management and contribution of soil fungi to annual cropping systems. Many of these key soil fungal organisms (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal root endophytes) interact directly with plants and are determinants of the efficiency of agroecosystems. In turn, plants largely control rhizosphere fungi through the production of carbon and energy rich compounds and of bioactive phytochemicals, making them a powerful tool for the management of soil fungal diversity in agriculture. The use of crop rotations and selection of optimal plant genotypes can be used to improve soil biodiversity and promote beneficial soil fungi. In addition, other agronomic practices (e.g., no-till, microbial inoculants, and biochemical amendments) can be used to enhance the effect of beneficial fungi and increase the health and productivity of cultivated soils.

scholarly journals Variability in colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its effect on mycorrhizal dependency of improved and unimproved soybean cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Salloum ◽  
M.C. Guzzo ◽  
M.S. Velazquez ◽  
M.B. Sagadin ◽  
C.M. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Selection Of

Breeding selection of germplasm under fertilized conditions may reduce the frequency of genes that promote mycorrhizal associations. This study was developed to compare variability in mycorrhizal colonization and its effect on mycorrhizal dependency (MD) in improved soybean genotypes (I-1 and I-2) with differential tolerance to drought stress, and in unimproved soybean genotypes (UI-3 and UI-4). As inoculum, a mixed native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was isolated from soybean roots, showing spores mostly of the species Funneliformis mosseae. At 20 days, unimproved genotypes followed by I-2, showed an increase in arbuscule formation, but not in I-1. At 40 days, mycorrhizal plants showed an increase in nodulation, this effect being more evident in unimproved genotypes. Mycorrhizal dependency, evaluated as growth and biochemical parameters from oxidative stress was increased in unimproved and I-2 since 20 days, whereas in I-1, MD increased at 40 days. We cannot distinguish significant differences in AMF colonization and MD between unimproved and I-2. However, variability among improved genotypes was observed. Our results suggest that selection for improved soybean genotypes with good and rapid AMF colonization, particularly high arbuscule/hyphae ratio could be a useful strategy for the development of genotypes that optimize AMF contribution to cropping systems.

scholarly journals Harnessing Soil Microbes to Improve Plant Phosphate Efficiency in Cropping Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Kafle ◽  
Kevin Cope ◽  
Rachel Raths ◽  
Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽  
Senthil Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Strong Adsorption ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Complete Dependence

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. It is central to many biological processes, including nucleic acid synthesis, respiration, and enzymatic activity. However, the strong adsorption of phosphorus by minerals in the soil decreases its availability to plants, thus reducing the productivity of agricultural and forestry ecosystems. This has resulted in a complete dependence on non-renewable chemical fertilizers that are environmentally damaging. Alternative strategies must be identified and implemented to help crops acquire phosphorus more sustainably. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding and utilization of soil microbes to both solubilize inorganic phosphate from insoluble forms and allocate it directly to crop plants. Specifically, we focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Each of these play a major role in natural and agroecosystems, and their use as bioinoculants is an increasing trend in agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Sporocarpic species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota), with a new report from Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tomio Goto ◽  
Leonor Costa Maia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
First Time

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely distributed in terrestrial ecossystems; however the sporocarpic species are less documented on AMF surveys. Five of these species were found in natural areas of Atlantic Forest and in agricultural ecosystems of Northeast Brazil: Glomus glomerulatum, G. sinuosum, G. coremioides, G. fuegianum and G. taiwanensis, with the last one being registered for the first time in Brazilian soils.

Soil microbiota effects on rye growth: implications for integration of a rye cover crop into temperate cropping systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. De Bruin ◽  
Nicholas R. Jordan ◽  
Paul M. Porter ◽  
Sheri C. Huerd
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Final Harvest

AbstractIntegration of rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops into the corn (Zea mays L.) soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation of the upper Midwest USA can provide many agronomic and agroecological benefits. Integration is made difficult by short growing seasons, but may be facilitated by management of key agroecological interactions such as those between rye and soil microbiota. Rye growth was measured and colonization by arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined in greenhouse experiments using soils from seven different management systems from a long-term cropping-systems experiment in southwest Minnesota. Microbial effects on rye growth were not evident before vernalization, but at final harvest (4 weeks after vernalization) soil microbial populations reduced rye shoot and root growth, relative to a pasteurized control inoculum. At final harvest, shoot biomass in 2-year rotations was 17% greater than 4-year rotations, indicating that microbial populations selected for by 4-year rotations may be more deleterious or pathogenic than those selected for by 2-year rotations. Growth of three rye cultivars was examined in all inocula; cultivars differed in their mean response to soil microbiota and their ability to host AMF. These findings suggest that management factors affect interactions between rye and soil microbiota resulting in altered rye growth.

scholarly journals Community of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soybean Roots after Cultivation with Different Cropping Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko KOJIMA ◽  
Norikuni OKA ◽  
Toshihiko KARASAWA ◽  
Keiki OKAZAKI ◽  
Shotaro ANDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soybean Roots

scholarly journals Selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sugarcane in four soils with the presence of dark septate endophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
P Content ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scutellospora Calospora

The present study aimed to select efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for sugarcane growth and P nutrition in four soils that spontaneously contained dark septate endophytes (DSE). The effect of nine AMF isolates was evaluated individually in sugarcane presprouted seedlings (SP81-3250) grown under greenhouse conditions for a 120-day period. The isolates that stimulated plant growth in the soils with low P availability were Acaulospora colombiana (ACOL), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CETU), Gigaspora margarita (GMAR), Rhizophagus clarus (RCLA) and Scutellospora calospora (SCAL). Compared to the Yellow Argisol, which had the highest P level, the Red-Yellow Argisol, with an intermediate P content, increased plant height. Compared to the other treatments, inoculation with ACOL, RCLA, and SCAL resulted in higher foliar P content in plants grown in soils with high to intermediate P levels. Root colonization by AMF and DSE was verified in the plants, with the coexistence of both fungal groups in the same plant and/or root fragment. However, AMF colonization was low compared to DSE colonization. The cooccurrence of DSE and AMF was higher in the plants inoculated with ACOL, RCLA, SCAL, and Dentiscutata heterogama. ACOL, CETU, GMAR, RCLA, and SCAL are AMF isolates that have the potential to establish a mycorrhizal inoculant for sugarcane that would be effective in several soils.

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