scholarly journals Environmental Determinants Influencing Seasonal Variations of Bird Diversity and Abundance in Wetlands, Northern Region (Ghana)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins Ayine Nsor ◽  
Edward Adzesiwor Obodai
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis

The study assessed major environmental determinants influencing bird community in six wetlands over a 2-year period. A combination of visual and bird sounding techniques was used to determine the seasonal variations in bird abundance, while ordination techniques were performed to determine the influence of environmental factors on bird assemblage. A total of 1,169 birds from 25 species and 885 individuals from 23 species were identified in the wet and dry season, respectively. The shallow close marshes supported the greatest number of birds (P<0.05) compared to the riparian wetlands. Bird diversity was significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season (F=4.101,P<0.05). Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and marsh warbler (Acrocephalus palustris) were the most abundant. Using the IUCN “Red List” database guide, we noted that 96.2% of birds identified were least concern (LC). The yellow weaver bird (Ploceous megarhrynchus) was the only vulnerable species (VU) and represented 3.8%. From the three variables tested, bushfire and farming practices were the major threats and cumulatively explained 15.93% (wet season) and 14.06% (dry season) variations in bird diversity and abundance. These findings will help wetland managers design conservation measures to check current threats on birds from becoming vulnerable in the future.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of shallow groundwater level in the Northern Kathmandu Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Manish Shrestha ◽  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Geological Material ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Shallow Groundwater Level

Groundwater is the water which is present in pore spaces and in the fractures of the geological materials beneath earth surface. Water is incompressible substance and presence of small amount of water in geological material modifies the behavior of geological material under stresses. Determination of engineering behavior of the geological material is almost impossible skipping the role of water. The objective of this study was to map and evaluate shallow groundwater level of the northern Kathmandu Valley covering main rivers such as the Bagmati River, Bishnumati River, Dhobi Khola and the Manahara Khola. These rivers flow from the North to the South across the sand rich sediment zone. Static groundwater levels of 239 wells were measured from different locations of the study area in April/March 2017 (Dry Season) and in August 2017 (Wet Season). Shallow groundwater level was measured from soil surface to water level using well water depth logger (Qin and Li, 1998). The result showed that groundwater level ranged from 0.6 m to 12.5 m in dry season and 0.1 m to 13 m in wet season. The groundwater level increased by average of 34.68% (n = 235) as compared to that in dry season. Increase in the groundwater level suggests recharge of groundwater in wet season of the study area. The flow pattern of groundwater levels from the study shows flow of shallow groundwater towards the major rivers of that particular river watershed. As a consequence, seepage flow and piping erosion is likely along the riverbank slopes. Increase in recharge of groundwater during wet season exhibits that the northern region of the Kathmandu Valley is potential for groundwater recharge and can be used to manage water for the dry period.

Seasonal variation in the microbial quality of shallow groundwater in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Shrestha ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Rabin Malla ◽  
Kei Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
E Coli

To develop effective groundwater pollution control strategies for the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, seasonal variations in microbial quality and their underlying mechanisms must be understood. However, to date, there are no studies that address these topics. In this study, groundwater samples from dug wells were collected during the dry and wet seasons from 2009 to 2012, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total coliforms were analysed. Three wells were monitored each month for a year. Microbial concentrations in shallow groundwater were significantly higher during the wet season than during the dry season. Analyses of rainfall and E. coli concentrations in different seasons indicated that a high level of faecal material infiltration during the rainy season may have caused the seasonal variations in microbial quality. A moderate to strong relationship between E. coli concentrations and groundwater level suggested that the rise in groundwater levels during the wet season may be another reason for this variation. This long time-scale survey detected a significant decline in the microbial quality of shallow groundwater during the wet season as compared with the dry season. We propose that the infiltration of contaminants and change in groundwater level are the two probable mechanisms for the observed seasonal differences.

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes at an Agricultural Site in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Ajao ◽  
Omodara Obisesan ◽  
Muritala Ayoola ◽  
Oluwagbemiga Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Agricultural Site

&lt;p&gt;Diurnal and seasonal variations of sensible heat (&lt;em&gt;H&lt;/em&gt;) and latent heat (&lt;em&gt;LE&lt;/em&gt;) fluxes observed at an agricultural site on the campus of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria have been reported in this paper. The deductions are made based on half-hourly flux data acquired from an open-path eddy covariance (OPEC) system measured continuously over a two-year observation period (2017-2018) at the study site. The study area is within tropical wet and dry climate of West Africa, thereby experiencing an alternating wet (that is, April &amp;#8211; October) and dry (that is, December &amp;#8211; February) seasons (monsoonal). Our results showed that peak hourly values of &lt;em&gt;H&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;LE&lt;/em&gt; occurred at about 13:00 LT and 14:00 LT respectively, a lag of approximately one hour between them at the location. The diurnal range for &lt;em&gt;H&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;LE&lt;/em&gt; during wet season was 75.3 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and 177.0 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; respectively, while for dry season it was 182.0 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and 89.9 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; respectively. The daily mean value of &lt;em&gt;H&lt;/em&gt; for wet season was 19.7 &amp;#177; 27.2 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and it was 52.1 &amp;#177; 63.5 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2 &lt;/sup&gt;for &lt;em&gt;LE&lt;/em&gt;. For dry season, daily mean values for &lt;em&gt;H&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;LE&lt;/em&gt; were 44.0 &amp;#177; 66.4 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and 26.6 &amp;#177; 33.7 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; respectively. A transition of seasons from wet (Bowen ratio, &lt;em&gt;Bo&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 1) to dry (&lt;em&gt;Bo&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 1) was observed in November and reversal in March.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt;: Diurnal and Seasonal Variations, Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes, Tropical Wet and Dry Climate&lt;/p&gt;

Seasonal Variations of the Regular Indices of the Surface Water in the Taizi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 4486-4489
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Hu ◽  
Li Qi Sun ◽  
Xue Ying Song ◽  
Wen Juan Sun ◽  
Ru Jing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Northeast Of China ◽  
Taizi River

The regular indices of the surface water of the Taizi River, Liaoning Province, northeast of China, were investigated. Samples were collected from upstream to downstream locations of the mainstream, and also from the tributaries of the Taizi River in dry season, wet season, and normal season, respectively. The DO values of the surface water ranged from 3.35 mg/L to 18.73 mg/L, 0.09 mg/L to 13.44mg/L, and 3.49 mg/L to 16.9 mg/L, respectively, in the dry season, wet season, and normal season, respectively. The seasonal variations of the pH values of the surface water were in the order of dry season >wet season >normal season.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INTERMITTENT WATERING ON SOME BLOOD COMPONENTS OF GRAZING YANKASA SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
A. A. AGANGA ◽  
N. N. UMUNNA ◽  
E. O. OYEDIPE ◽  
P. N. OKOH
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Blood picture, some serum biochemical and electrolyte measurements were determined in grazing Yankasa sheep that were subjected to various lengths of water deprivation. The study was carried out both in the dry and wet seasons to examine seasonal variations. Blood constituents namely packed cell volume (PCV), total proteins, and red blood count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during wet season than dry' season. Watering intervals significantly affected (P < 0.05) the RBC and Hb components of blood. The blood components values were elevated with increases in watering intervals. Seasonal variations were observed in serum electrolyte values measured and water deprivation caused hemoconcentration especially in the dry season.

scholarly journals Understory bird community from wildlife protected areas: diversity, seasonal variation and similarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysio Souza de Moura ◽  
Felipe Santana Machado ◽  
Marco Aurélio Leite Fontes ◽  
Gabriela Trindade de Barros ◽  
Henrique Fazolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Biological Conservation ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Conservation Projects

The bird diversity is threatened and many studies have been focusing on preservation and conservation efforts. For example, Wildlife Protected Areas are created in order to protect this diversity, however, just few areas have been created, which increases the need of private initiatives to support the environment conservation challenge. The Quedas do Rio Bonito Ecological Park is a protected area located in south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Herein, we present the median richness when compared to others studies in southeastern Brazil, as well as richness estimative of the understory stratum, seasonal variations and similarities among areas. Therefore, this paper presents arguments to assist future conservation studies since the knowledge on community in different areas is primordial when comparing the environment conditions in Biological Conservation projects.

Seasonal variations in the macroinvertebrate fauna of billabongs along Magela Creek, Northern Territory

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

The littoral zone of five permanent billabongs along Magela Creek was sampled monthly over 1 year for macroinvertebrates. In three shallow billabongs, greatest numbers of taxa (about 45) and of individuals (about 1000 individuals per minute) were caught in the late wet season and early dry season (April-July); by the end of the dry season (December) these values had decreased to about 18 taxa and about 200 individuals per minute. Fluctuations were not so marked in two deep (or channel) billabongs: rarely were there fewer than 30 taxa and 400 individuals per minute present, and maximal values were similar to those in the shallow billabongs. These changes appeared to be associated with the growth of macrophytes, which occurred during the wet season in all billabongs. There was little variation between billabongs in the mean composition of the fauna.

scholarly journals Seasonal Fluctuations of Birds, Fruits, and Flowers in a Subtropical Forest of Argentina

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio R. Malizia
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

AbstractI quantified monthly variation in species composition and captures of birds in a premontane forest of northwestern Argentina. Seasonal patterns of frugivore-insectivores and nectarivores were compared with fruit and flower abundances, respectively. The composition of the entire bird community fluctuated seasonally; frugivore-insectivores showed a peak in captures during the wet season, insectivores peaked at the end of the dry season, and nectarivores peaked during the dry season. At a local scale (∼50 ha), captures of frugivore-insectivores were not correlated with number of plant species with ripe fruits for any vegetation stratum considered, but were correlated with a fruit phenology index that considers crop size. At a plot scale (∼7.5 ha), only understory flower abundance and captures of nectarivores were correlated, but only in the plot where both were more abundant. At a net-site scale (50 m2), captures of the Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus rufiventris) were correlated with understory fruit abundance, but only in the plot where fruits were more abundant. These results suggest that seasonal fluctuations in birds may be driven to some extent by their food resources. Premontane forest provides habitat for many migrants and also presumably acts as a source of birds that emigrate to disturbed areas. Although premontane forests should be a conservation priority for the region, they are poorly protected and suffering high deforestation.

More than just Night Parrots: A baseline bird survey of Pullen Pullen Reserve, south-western Queensland

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A.S. Kutt ◽  
◽  
S.G. Kearney ◽  
P.L Kern ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Riparian Woodlands ◽  
Bird Survey

The birds of arid environments often exhibit nomadism, seasonal breeding and population fluctuations that respond to highly variable weather patterns. In this study we present data from a baseline bird survey in Bush Heritage Australia’s Pullen Pullen Reserve in south-western Queensland. We conducted seasonal surveys (October–November 2018, May 2019) in 40 sites representing Spinifex (Triodia spp.) grasslands, a complex of Mitchell Astrebla spp./chenopod grasslands and Georgina Gidgee Acacia georginae riparian woodlands, using a standardised 2-ha census. A total of 85 species was recorded in the standardised sites, as well as an additional 16 species recorded opportunistically. Twenty-six species (31%), many of which were nomadic, were recorded from only one of the surveys. Bird abundance and species richness were highest in the post-wet-season survey (May 2018), and there was strong variation in the composition of the bird species between the three habitats surveyed. These data provide a baseline to continue monitoring and to understand the resident and more peripatetic elements of this arid bird community, which should be surveyed regularly to investigate the role of changing management and the long-term influence of global environmental change.

scholarly journals Composition and structure of bird communities in vegetational gradients of Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURICIO N. GODOI ◽  
FRANCO L. SOUZA ◽  
RUDI R. LAPS ◽  
DANILO B. RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Composition And Structure

ABSTRACT The informations of bird species distribution in different habitats and the structure of their communities are crucial for bird conservation. We tested the differences in composition, richness and abundance of birds in different phytophysiognomies at Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil, and we demonstrated the variations in richness and abundance of birds between different trophic groups. Sampling was conducted between July 2011 and June 2012 in 200 point counts arranged in the study area. A total of 3350 contacts were obtained belonging to 156 bird species. Woodland savannas, seasonal forests and arboreal savannas had higher bird abundance and richness, while riparian forests, clean pastures and dirty pastures had smaller values of these parameters. The bird community was organized according to local vegetational gradient, with communities of forests, open areas and savannas, although many species occurred in more than one vegetation type. The insectivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and gramnivorous birds composed most of the community. These data showed how important environmental heterogeneity is to bird communities. Furthermore, the presence of extensive patches of natural habitats, the small distance between these patches and the permeability of pastures, with high arboreal and shrubby cover, are indicated as important factors to maintain the bird diversity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document