scholarly journals Radio-Wave Propagation in Salt Domes: Implications for a UHE Cosmic Neutrino Detector

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alina-Mihaela Badescu ◽  
Alexandra Saftoiu
Keyword(s):  
Field Vector ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Salt Rock ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Salt Domes ◽  
Cosmic Neutrino ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
Salt Deposits

Salt deposits can be used as a natural dielectric medium for a UHE cosmic neutrino radio detector. Such a detector relies on the capability of reconstructing the initial characteristics of the cosmic neutrino from the measured radio electrical field produced at neutrino’s interaction in salt by the subsequent particle shower. A rigorous characterization of the propagation medium becomes compulsory. It is shown here that the amplitude of the electric field vector is attenuated by almost 90% after 100 m of propagation in a typical salt rock volume. The heterogeneities in salt also determine the minimal uncertainty (estimated at 19%) and the resolution of the detector.

scholarly journals SEARCH FOR NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY SOURCES WITH THE ANTARES TELESCOPE

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
C. BIGONGIARI
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Telescope ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Cosmic Neutrino ◽  
Promising Source

ANTARES is the first undersea neutrino detector ever built and presently the neutrino telescope with the largest effective area operating in the Northern Hemisphere. A three-dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes detects the Cherenkov light induced by the muons produced in the interaction of high energy neutrinos with the matter surrounding the detector. The detection of astronomical neutrino sources is one of the main goals of ANTARES. The search for point-like neutrino sources with the ANTARES telescope is described and the preliminary results obtained with data collected from 2007 to 2010 are shown. No cosmic neutrino source has been observed and neutrino flux upper limits have been calculated for the most promising source candidates.

Characterization of the Off Response to Electrical Field Stimulation in Gallbladder Smooth Muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Cullen ◽  
Marilyn M. Hinkhouse ◽  
Jeffrey L. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Field

scholarly journals A Review of Electrical Assisted Photocatalytic Technologies for the Treatment of Multi-Phase Pollutants

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Chung-Shin Yuan ◽  
Iau-Ren Ie ◽  
Ji-Ren Zheng ◽  
Chung-Hsuan Hung ◽  
Zu-Bei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Electro Catalysis ◽  
Multi Phase

This article reviews the fundamental theories and reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic technologies with the assistance of electrical field for degrading multi-phase pollutants. Photo(electro)catalysis including photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and photoelectrocatalytic oxidation (PECO) have been a potential technologies applied for the treatment of organic and inorganic compounds in the wastewaters and waste gases, which has been treated as a promising technique by using semiconductors as photo(electro)catalysts to convert light or electrical energy to chemical energy. Combining photocatalytic processes with electrical field is an option to effectively decompose organic and inorganic pollutants. Although photocatalytic oxidation techniques have been used to decompose multi-phase pollutants, developing efficient advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) by combining photocatalysis with electrical potential is urgently demanded in the future. This article reviews the most recent progress and the advances in the field of photocatalytic technologies combined with external electrical field, including the characterization of nano-sized photo(electro)catalysts, the degradation of multi-phase pollutants, and the development of electrical assisted photocatalytic technologies for the potential application on the treatment of organic and inorganic compounds in the wastewaters and waste gases. Innovative oxidation techniques regarding photo(electro)catalytic reactions with and without oxidants are included in this review article.

Characterization of Photochemically or Electrochemically Reduced Blue Titanium Dioxide

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Muller ◽  
J. Steinle ◽  
H. P. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Trapped Electrons ◽  
Surface Sites ◽  
Electrical Field Gradient ◽  
Reduced Surface

Blue TiO2 which is formed under UV irradiation under inert gases in the presence of hole scavengers is characterized. The concentration of surface-trapped electrons which cause the blue colour was analytically determined after irradiation in the presence of methanol or other organic compounds. The saturation concentration is controlled by a dynamic equilibrium of photoreduction and reoxidation of the reduced surface sites which leads to H2 formation. The blue colour can also be produced by chemical or electrochemical reduction. Mobility of the surface-trapped electrons in an electrical field gradient is demonstrated. The reduced TiO2 is similar to a hydrogen titanium bronze.

Dielectric properties of fractured carbonate rocks from finite-difference modeling

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. MR37-MR44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongcheng Han ◽  
Sam Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Dielectric Data ◽  
Fractured Carbonate ◽  
Numerical Simulation Methods ◽  
Best Parameter

Fractures are common features in virtually all types of geologic rocks and tend to dominate their mechanical and hydraulic properties. Detection and characterization of fractures in rocks are of interest to a variety of geophysical applications. We have investigated the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of fractured porous carbonate rocks in the frequency range [Formula: see text] and their relationships with different types of fluids filling the fractures, fracture connectivity, and directions of electrical field applied to the rocks using numerical simulation methods based on a 3D finite-difference model. We tested the validity of the modeling method on a spherical-shell model with the theoretical analytical solutions. The two fractures in the two digital carbonate rocks have the same length, but in one rock, they intersect and in the other sample they do not. The fractures in the brine-saturated digital rocks are filled either with oil or with the same brine as in the background rock. We found that although conductivity and relative permittivity are sensitive to the fracture-filling fluids, the dielectric loss factor is the best parameter discriminating the fluids. When filled with brine, the fracture connectivity does not affect the dielectric properties of the rocks. When filled with oil, the fracture connectivity can only be detected if the electrical field is parallel to the longer fracture orientation. The results provide new insights into the frequency-dependent dielectric responses of fractured sedimentary rocks and will help with the interpretation of the dielectric data acquired from rocks with fractures.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of a new species of black coral from Elvers Bank, north-western Gulf of Mexico (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia: Aphanipathidae: Distichopathes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-566
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Opresko ◽  
Samantha L. Goldman ◽  
Raven Johnson ◽  
Katherine Parra ◽  
Marissa Nuttall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Salt Domes ◽  
Black Coral ◽  
Black Corals ◽  
The Family ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe continental shelf edge of the NW Gulf of Mexico supports dozens of reefs and banks, including the West and East Flower Garden Banks (FGB) and Stetson Bank that comprise the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS). Discovered by fishermen in the early 1900s, the FGBs are named after the colourful corals, sponges and algae that dominate the region. The reefs and banks are the surface expression of underlying salt domes and provide important habitat for mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCE) and deep coral communities to 300 m depth. Since 2001, FGBNMS research teams have utilized remotely operated vehicles (e.g. ‘Phantom S2’, ‘Mohawk’, ‘Yogi’) to survey and characterize benthic habitats of this region. In 2016, a Draft Environmental Impact Statement proposed the expansion of the current sanctuary boundaries to incorporate an additional 15 reefs and banks, including Elvers Bank. Antipatharians (black corals) were collected within the proposed expansion sites and analysed using morphological and molecular methods. A new species, Distichopathes hickersonae, collected at 172 m depth on Elvers Bank, is described within the family Aphanipathidae. This brings the total number of black coral species in and around the sanctuary to 14.

Characterization of Polymerized Liposomes Using a Combination of dc and Cyclical Electrical Field-Flow Fractionation

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 8323-8329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu J. Sant ◽  
Siddharth Chakravarty ◽  
Srinivas Merugu ◽  
Colin G. Ferguson ◽  
Bruce K. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Field Flow Fractionation ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Polymerized Liposomes ◽  
Flow Fractionation
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