The Cost of Managing Forest Carbon under REDD+ Initiatives: A Case of Kolo Hills Forests in Kondoa District, Dodoma, Tanzania

Countries considering participating in a REDD+ mechanism need information on what it would cost them to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. This study was conducted to estimate the cost of managing forest carbon under REDD+ initiatives in Kolo Hills Forest, Kondoa, Tanzania. Socioeconomic and biophysical information was collected through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and forest inventory, respectively. Results show that the community participated in managing the forest by undertaking a range of activities such as tree planting, patrolling, and fire protection. The estimated total cost was USD 418,349.38 while the average cost was USD 79.06/ha. The average carbon stored was 19.75 tC ha−1, which is equivalent to 72.48 tCO2 ha−1. Costs incurred by managing the forest in relation to tCO2stored were USD 1.0485 tCO2 e−1ha−1. The project was found to be economically feasible at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% discount rates with NPVs of USD 107,102,331.83, USD 33,986,255.86, USD 10,312,945, and USD 1,245,905.11, respectively. The internal rate of return was 21.21% which is much higher than the World Bank rate of 15.8% and the Tanzania rate of 14.8%. We therefore conclude that the decision to undertake this REDD+ project was worthwhile and should be favoured against the “do nothing” alternative.

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Waste management is key to sustainable global growth

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db236831 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

World Bank ◽

Urban Waste ◽

Content Type ◽

Informal Workers ◽

The World Bank ◽

Point Of Purchase ◽

The World ◽

The Cost ◽

Global Growth

Subject Global waste management. Significance The World Bank estimates that by 2025 cities will be creating 2.2 billion tonnes of solid waste annually, nearly double the 1.3 billion tonnes produced in 2012. Systems to manage vast quantities of urban waste already account for more than 20% of many cities' budgets, and this will rise. Yet despite the cost, the profile of waste management lags other utilities, hampering the ability to attract political attention and financing to build, improve and maintain effective systems. Impacts Manufacturers and product designers will increasingly be tasked with preventing the creation of waste, not merely reducing its footprint. Integrating waste and resource management into the education curricula will foster generational behaviour change. Waste-pickers collect, sort and recycle up to 20% of developing countries waste; policies will increasingly support informal workers. Fee structures to manage waste will move to point-of-purchase rather than using municipal taxes to raise fees at the point-of-collection.

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Kajian Biaya Penanganan Petikemas Melalui Terminal Petikemas Tanjung Priok

Warta Penelitian Perhubungan ◽

10.25104/warlit.v23i1.1052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Apri Yuliani

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

World Bank ◽

Performance Index ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Standard Operating ◽

Red Tape ◽

Logistics Performance Index ◽

Tariff Structure ◽

The Cost

The tremendeous intensity of export/import activity using containers in Indonesia should be an opportunity to support economic development and improve public's welfare. In fact, it was hampered by the high logistics costs. This phenomenon's correctly proven by a periodic national logistics performance survey conducted by The World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI). In 2010, World Bank ranked Indonesia in position 75 out of 155 countries, which is one of these performance considerations is the cost of shipping, that has put Indonesia at rank 80. Referring to the ESCAP model port tariff structure, the port tariff structure of Tg. Priok's divided into four sections. They are navigation, berth, cargo operations and other business. Compared to Port of Melbourne's tariff, Pelabuhan Tg. Priok even regulates a lower rate of tariff Based on interviews and observations, the detenninant factors causing high cost of logistics are: (i) illegal fees, mostly caused by inadequacy of infrastructure, red-tape bureaucracy, insufficient and less-regulated standard operating procedures, the absence of rotation mechanism and exclusive authority without supervision; (ii) the surcharge; and (iii) induced cost of unpredictability delivery process.Keywords : Handling costs, Tariff, Container

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Participatory forest carbon assessment in south-eastern Tanzania: experiences, costs and implications for REDD+ initiatives

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605315000174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 523-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josiah Z. Katani ◽

Irmeli Mustalahti ◽

Kusaga Mukama ◽

Eliakimu Zahabu

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Local Communities ◽

Forest Carbon ◽

Large Area ◽

Carbon Loss ◽

Closed Canopy ◽

Baseline Cost ◽

The Cost

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the changes in forest carbon in three village forests in Tanzania during 2009–2012 using participatory forest carbon assessment, and to evaluate the capability of the local communities to undertake the assessment, and the costs involved. The results show that forest degradation is caused not only by disturbance as a result of anthropogenic activities; other causes include natural mortality of small trees as a result of canopy closure, and the attraction of wild animals to closed-canopy forests. Thus, mechanisms are required to compensate communities for carbon loss that is beyond their control. However, an increase in the abundance of elephants Loxodonta africana and other fauna should not be considered negatively by local communities and other stakeholders, and the importance of improved biodiversity in the context of carbon stocks should be emphasized by those promoting REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). This case study also shows that the cost per ha of USD < 1 for participatory forest carbon assessment is less than that reported for Tanzania and elsewhere (USD 3–5); this is attributed to the large area of forest studied. However, the cost of data analysis and reporting in 2012 (USD 4,519) was significantly higher than the baseline cost (USD 1,793) established in 2009 because of the involvement of external experts.

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The Tanzania-Zambia Railway: the Chinese Loan and the Pre-Investment Analysis Revisited

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00023557 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 535-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ngila Mwase

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Brookings Institution ◽

Spare Capacity ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

The World Bank ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

British Colonial ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefits And Costs

The idea of a railway from the Zambian Copperbelt to the Indian Ocean via Tanzania had long been considered. But although the first serious report was published in 1952 by a consultant from the British Colonial Office, it was not until 1964, the year of independence, that further studies were commissioned, all of which eventually found such a railway uneconomic. The World Bank mission erred in tying the cost estimates to the trans-shipment of goods (due to gauge differences), and ignoring the option (actually taken) of constructing a direct line to Dar es Salaam. The U.N. team argued that the reasons for the project were too speculative, that the existing railways had spare capacity, and that the likely development benefits were invalid, unless an iron and steel complex emerged. In 1965 the authors of the Brookings Institution study felt that the project was an unnecessary duplication of existing facilities, and that transport matters in the region should be depoliticised, an idealistic proposal since there are external benefits and costs involved in the operation of railways.

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Challenges of Sharing REDD+ Benefits in the Amazon Region

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11091012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1012

Author(s):

Raissa Guerra ◽

Paulo Moutinho

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Benefit Sharing ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Assessment Framework ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

The World Bank ◽

Main Challenge

The success of jurisdictional reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) initiatives is entirely dependent on how the REDD+ benefits are distributed among the stakeholders seeking to preserve the native vegetation and is considered one of the main challenges of REDD+. Among the existing benefit-sharing options, the adoption of the stock-and-flow approach to share REDD+ benefits has afforded fair jurisdictional systems in the states of Acre and Mato Grosso in the Brazilian Amazon. This innovative perspective is also the dividing line between inequitable and socially balanced jurisdictional REDD+ initiatives. However, these jurisdictions present challenges to fully implementing a robust benefit-sharing mechanism including the stock-and-flow approach and guaranteeing that resources will be accessible to the relevant beneficiaries. To better understand these challenges, we applied the Options Assessment Framework (OAF), a methodology proposed by the World Bank to evaluate the capacity to implement an effective benefit-sharing mechanism for REDD+, in Acre and Mato Grosso. The results indicated that these jurisdictions need to strengthen their conditions to guarantee the multi-faceted functionality of this mechanism and determine what aspects need more attention and where resources should be invested. Additionally, the results indicated that an equitable benefit-sharing mechanism is, by far, the main challenge faced by jurisdictions. Despite being a more evolved state in its REDD+ policies, Acre still needs to improve its institutional capacities, particularly in its local civil society organizations, to help communities access these benefits. The state of Mato Grosso, on the other hand, is still engaging in its REDD+ initiative and needs its institutional capacities to further mature to better organize its monitoring mechanisms and governance.

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Science and Economic Development Conference Science & Technology to Support Pakistan’s Economic Development The Conference Report

THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ◽

10.35536/lje.1998.v3.i2.a5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 97-111

Author(s):

Irfan ul Haque

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

World Bank ◽

Conference Report ◽

The World Bank ◽

Science Technology ◽

The World ◽

The Cost

Introduction A conference on Science and Economic Development was held at Hotel Pearl Continental, Lahore on 1-2 December, 1997. The event was sponsored and organised by the Lahore School of Economics. The World Bank provided a grant to help meet the cost of participant travel and subsistence.

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The Performance of REDD+: From Global Governance to Local Practices

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10100837 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 837 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bas Arts ◽

Verina Ingram ◽

Maria Brockhaus

Keyword(s):

Global Governance ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Forest Carbon ◽

Local Practices ◽

Reduce Emissions

Whilst ‘REDD’ is the acronym for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, ‘REDD+’ refers to efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, foster conservation, promote the sustainable management of forests, and enhance forest carbon stocks [...]

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