Smart Design of Green Hydrogen Facilities: A Digital Twin-driven approach

This work studies the potentials of Digital Twin solutions for the design of competitive and reliable green hydrogen facilities. A digital twin based on stochastic simulations is proposed to address the uncertainties associated with investment and operating costs, to increase confidence and stimulate investments. Several input assumptions are involved (i.e., capital and operational costs, energy consumption, available energy, among others) to analyse their influence on financial indicators. A set of facility designs with equipment redundancy, and thus different system availabilities, was proposed. Monte Carlo simulation method is chosen to propagate uncertainties onto the project bankability assessment. By applying the proposed methodology, the opportunity index and internal rate of return (IRR) are calculated. A sensibility analysis is also carried out. The simulations illustrate that the design of a facility can be optimized to achieve higher profits, based on a trade-off between investment and availability. This study concludes that digital twin solutions are an opportunity for reducing the uncertainties associated with green hydrogen facility design. Improvements to the proposed model can be achieved by performing a refined simulation, in relation to the calculation of system availability and maintenance costs.

Kajian Bisnis Plan PT CAP Tentang Hunian Rumah Di Kelurahan Semanan Jakarta Barat Tahun 2020-2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian operasional (OR) prediktif studi, dimaksudkan untuk membuat perhitungan tentang kelayakan rencana bisnis dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, untuk mengkaji rencana bisnis yang dibuat oleh PT CAP dalam melakukan ekspansi bisnis di bidang propresi di wilayah Jakarta Barat.Dari hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, didapatkan payback period didapatkan alternatif normal normal 36 bulan, alternatif optimis 24 bulan. Hasil ini jauh lebih kecil dari ketentuan manajemen 4 tahun, sehingga proyek ini layak untuk diterima. Analisis Net Present Value, dari hasil perhitungan NPV cash flow masih jauh lebih besar dari NPV cash outflow, artinya dari penilaian NPV proyek ini dinilai sangat layak untuk dilaksanakan. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) proyek ini layak karena jika mencari IRR, alternatif normal dan optimis lebih besar daripada biaya modal rata-rata tertimbang (WACC). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan penulis sehubungan dengan proyek kawasan perumahan Citra Garden Puri Semanan di Semanan, Jakarta Barat, secara umum investasi tersebut dinilai layak dan menguntungkan tidak hanya bagi pengembang tetapi juga bagi konsumen yang membeli rumah di proyek tersebut. . Memperhatikan apa yang telah dianalisis dan dibahas, maka saran penulis adalah mengecek kembali arus kas dengan mempertimbangkan mencari alternatif pendanaan dengan pinjaman yang meningkat sehingga biaya modalnya kecil. Kata Kunci : Payback Period, NPV, IRR

Profil Usaha Pemindangan Ikan pada Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang

Kota Magelang memiliki potensi sektor perikanan dengan produksi kegiatan pengolahan ikan yang cukup tinggi. Pengembangan sektor pengolahan ikan di Kota Magelang didukung dengan keberadaan Sentra Pengolahan Ikan, dengan produk utama berupa olahan pindang duri lunak. Unit pengolahan ikan (UPI) pemindangan di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan memiliki produksi terbesar di Kota Magelang, dengan pengolah di UPI tersebut merupakan anggota kelompok pengolah ikan yang ada. Produksi Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang pada tahun 2020 sebesar 249.830 kg, dengan daerah pemasaran di Kota Magelang dan daerah sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui proses pemindangan ikan, menganalisis kelayakan usaha pemindangan ikan serta penerapan mutu pada kegiatan pemindangan ikan di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang. Metode penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan perhitungan kelayakan usaha menggunakan pendekatan Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Payback Period (PP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha pemindangan ikan di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Kota Magelang merupakan usaha skala kecil dan pengolahan ikan dilakukan secara tradisional, perlu peningkatan penerapan mutu pada proses pengolahan ikan yang dilakukan. Usaha pemindangan ikan layak (feasible) untuk dilanjutkan dan dikembangkan secara ekonomis, dengan nilai NPV 10 % Rp 356.293.000, B/C Ratio 1,11, IRR 56 % dan PP 1,14 tahun.

Economics and Marketing of Olive in Punjab, Pakistan

The recent re-emergence of agrarian crises in Punjab has again drawn the attention of policymakers towards the viability of alternative crops. In this context, the study attempts production and marketing of one of the alternatives and viable crops (i.e., Olive) considered for the farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. The study was carried out in the Pothwar region of Punjab, and a total of 100 farmers were interviewed from four districts of Pothwar. The study results revealed that olive is a profitable crop since the benefit-cost ratio, net present value, and internal rate of return at a 10% rate of discount were 2.20, Rs. 263,338.00, and 31%, respectively. The findings also revealed that the channel with the least number of intermediaries was more efficient than the channels with more intermediaries. The study suggested that to take advantage of this new crop, controlled marketplaces with improved marketing facilities are needed to allow farmers to minimize their transport costs and achieve better prices for their products. Besides, linking fresh produce with agro-processing industries can go a long way in ensuring the returns from this crop.

Kelayakan finansial teknologi produksi benih bawang merah asal biji botani (True Seed of Shallot = TSS) (Financial feasibility of True Seed of Shallot seed production technology)

<p>Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran pada Maret-November 2018. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengestimasi kelayakan finansial teknologi produksi benih bawang merah TSS (True Seed of Shallot). Percobaan lapangan produksi benih dilakukan untuk luasan 1.500 m2. Keragaan usahatani dievaluasi melalui analisis anggaran usaha berdasarkan pencatatan usahatani. Sementara itu, kelayakan finansial dianalisis menggunakan NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), B/C ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio) dan PBP (Pay Back Period). Hasil analisis anggaran menghasilkan indikator keragaan produksi benih sebagai berikut: (a) biaya produksi Rp. 255.320.280/hektar, (b) rasio penerimaan-biaya 1,49, (c) titik impas produksi 102 kg/hektar, dan (d) titik impas harga Rp. 1.789.628/kg. Analisis finansial berdasarkan parameter: periode proyeksi 3 tahun; aliran kas 12 bulan; suku bunga 18%/tahun; proporsi modal 40% (sendiri) dan 60% (kredit); luas lahan 1 hektar; produktivitas 150 kg/ha; dan harga output Rp. 2.500.000/kg menghasilkan NPV = Rp. -108.564.638 (&lt;0), IRR = sampai tingkat bunga 2% masih menunjukkan besaran NPV yang negatif (&lt;18%), Net B/C Ratio = 0,62 (&lt; 1), dan PBP = 1,5 tahun (&lt; 3 tahun). Berbagai kriteria tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani produksi benih TSS belum dapat dikategorikan layak secara finansial. Analisis sensitivitas menunjuk-kan bahwa kelayakan finansial baru tercapai jika terjadi pengurangan biaya produksi minimal 22%. Kelayakan finansial juga dapat dicapai jika terjadi minimal 15% peningkatan produktivitas atau 15% peningkatan harga benih. Penelitian ini menyarankan studi lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi agroekosistem produksi paling ideal berpotensi produktivitas optimal, serta memperbaiki teknologi produksi benih TSS berorientasi peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi penggunaan input. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>produksi benih; benih biji botani bawang; analisis anggaran; kelayakan finansial</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>A trial of 1,500 m2 seed production was conducted in the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute during March-November 2018. The objective was to assess the financial feasibility of True Seed of Shallot (TSS) seed production technology. Farm performance was assessed by using enterprise budget, NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), B/C ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio), and PBP (Pay Back Period). Budget analysis results in (a) production costs of IDR 255,320,280/ ha, (b) revenue-cost ratio of 1.49, (c) 102 kg/ha yield break-even-point, and (d) IDR 1,789,628/kg price break-even-point. Meanwhile, financial analysis based on some predetermined parameters has provided NPV = IDR -108,564,638 (&lt;0), IRR = up to 2% interest rate still shows negative NPV value (&lt;18%), Net B/C Ratio = 0.62 (&lt;1), and PBP = 1.5 years (&lt;3 years). Those criteria suggest that TSS seed production business is not yet categorized as financially feasible. Sensitivity analysis shows that financial feasibility may be achieved if there is minimally 22% reduced cost of production, or 15% increased yield, or 15% increased seed price. Further studies on identifying the most ideal agro-ecosystem with optimal yield potential, and improving TSS technology with an orientation to increasing yield and input-use efficiency are recommended.</p>

SENSITIVITAS INVESTASI STUDI KASUS PADA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PABRIK GULA SRAGI PT.PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX

This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the increase or decrease in the selling price of sugar and drops, then the investment value, and the cost of production to the IRR obtained from the investment decision to increase the capacity of the Sragi Sugar Factory. Hypothesis testing is carried out on the results of the calculation of investment analysis which includes several commonly used parameters, namely Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP), in this case as a comparison used The results of the IRR calculation. The results of the sensitivity study found that the selling price has the highest sensitivity, then the second is the investment value, while the cost of goods manufactured has the lowest sensitivity. The results of tests carried out on three parameters show that there is a significant change between the Selling Price, Investment Value and Cost of Production with the calculation of the IRR of an investment.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERKANTORAN TOWER POROS MARITIM SURABAYA

Meningkatnya penduduk dan berkembangnnya bisnis di Surabaya menjadikan perusahaan besar membutuhkan ruang untuk karyawannya. Menilai suatu karakteristik dari sebuah pembangunan proyek harus melakukan studi kelayakan. Salah satu studi kelayakan yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa proyek tersebut layak dilakukan secara aspek ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar keuntungan dan biaya yang didapatkan dan sejauh mana kelayakan ekonominnya. Proyek yang akan diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah perkantoran Tower Poros Maritim Surabaya. Kemudian kelayakan pada proyek pembangunan perkantoran ini didasarkan pada perhitungan Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), dan Return on Investment (ROI). Hasil analisis kelayakan ekonomi ini didapatkan nilai NPV positif sebesar Rp.32,995,643,307.00, nilai IRR sebesar 12.08%, ROI 15.76% dan BCR sebesar 3.2. Kemudian pengembalian investasi dihitung dengan aliran kas tahunan dengan jumlah tidak tetap didapatkan nilai jangka waktu 2 tahun 10 bulan 8 hari.

Economic Feasibility of Dairy Enterprise under Women SHG in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra

In India, dairy farming is traditionally practiced enterprise as a supplementary income source with the crop production. The present study was undertaken to analyze the Economic feasibility of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) microfinance for dairy enterprise run by women particularly from buffalos in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Whole study was based on the primary data set which was collected from the Parbhani district for year 2015-16. Multistage sampling design was used in selection of district, tehsils, villages and SHG groups. The cross sectional data was randomly collected from the 70 members of buffalo rearing selected SHGs. So the required data was collected by personal interview method using pre tested schedules. The data collected was subjected to tabular and economic feasibility analysis i.e., Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net benefit – investment ratio (N/K ratio). The study revealed that the net present value was found positive and benefit cost ratio more than unity. The internal rate of return was higher than bank rate. So in the study area dairy is feasible enterprise and very much suitable for rural women to practice and empower them economically and socially. This feasibility analysis showed that dairy enterprise through microfinance gives more returns to women entrepreneurs. So, the financial institutions and NGOs should come forward to extent economic support and guidance to rural women through SHGs to take up these enterprises as an income generating activity.

Analisis Finansial Agroindustri Coco Fiber di Kabupaten Padang-Pariaman

The potential of coconut owned by Padang Pariaman Regency with production reaching 35,436 tons in an area of 40,755 hectares strongly supports the development of agroindustrials in the countryside. The development of rural industries will create new jobs so that the community economy will increase. Coconut has a lot of derivative products, one of which is cocofiber produced from coconut coir. Coconut coir itself is one of the remaining coconut products that can be processed so as to increase the value of the product. Location determination and financial analysis can help potential investors to make cocofiber agroindustry development decisions. The method used to determine the location of the factory is gravity location model (GLM), using data on the coordinate point of coconut IKM in Kab. Padang Pariaman. For financial analysis is calculated using Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Both of these methods are expected to illustrate whether the development plan of the cocofiber industry in kab. Padang pariaman should be done or not. Based on the results of calculations using the GLM method, the optimal factory location selected is in the Limau River area of Padang Pariaman Regency with coordinate points (-0.55904, 100.0827). NPV showed a positive value and the IRR gave a result of 11.6%. The results showed that the calculation of NPV and IRR obtained results that showed that the construction of a cocofiber factory on the Limau Kab. Padang Pariaman River was feasible to carry out.

Economic study on the export of cape gooseberry produced by Colombian indigenous communities in post-conflict areas to Spain and Europe

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the production and export viability of organic cape gooseberry to Spain, cultivated by indigenous communities in post-conflict areas.Design/methodology/approachBased on interviews with indigenous people who grow organic cape gooseberry in post-conflict areas and information from official platforms, the data are systematized, and a matrix of costs, expenses, productivity and income from the production and export of Cape gooseberry is calculated. Financial indicators of profitability are calculated: net profit, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). Finally, with a regression model, the trend of the behavior of the quantity and cost of Cape gooseberry exports from Colombia to Europe and Spain is estimated.FindingsThe production and export of organic cape gooseberry is profitable for indigenous communities in post-conflict areas, favored by a special price on the European market and by the use of family labor in cultivation, which improves the profitability of the product. Because of these factors, it is likely to become an alternative to partially replace illicit crops in post-conflict areas.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was carried out in conflict areas, so conducting interviews in that territory put the integrity of the researchers at risk.Originality/valueStudies known about organic cape gooseberry production reveal the benefits of the fruit for human health, but not the viability of production and export to Spain. This study demonstrates the financial viability of the production and export of cape gooseberry grown by indigenous people and therefore constitutes an alternative for substituting illicit crops.