scholarly journals Addressing the Safety of Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems: Development and Validation of a Verbal Warning Utility Scale for Intelligent Transportation Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yiqi Zhang ◽  
Changxu Wu ◽  
Chunming Qiao ◽  
Adel Sadek ◽  
Kevin F. Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Utility Scale

As an important application of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), advances in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) improve driving safety by informing drivers of hazards with warnings in advance. The evaluation of the warning effectiveness is an important issue in facilitating communication of ITS. The goal of the present study was to develop a scale to evaluate the warning utility, namely, the effectiveness of a warning in preventing accidents in general. A driving simulator study was conducted to validate the Verbal Warning Utility Scale (VWUS) in a simulated driving environment. The reliability analysis indicated a good split-half reliability for the VWUS with a Spearman-Brown Coefficient of 0.873. The predictive validity of VWUS in measuring the effectiveness of the verbal warnings was verified by the significant prediction of safety benefits indicated by variables, including reduced kinetic energy and collision rate. Compared to conducting experimental studies, this scale provides a simpler way to evaluate overall utility of verbal warnings in communicating associated hazards in intelligent transportation systems. This scale can be further applied to improve the design of warnings of ITS in order to improve transportation safety. The applications of the scale in nonverbal warning situations and limitations of the current scale are also discussed.

Driving Simulators: Are They Valid Test Environments for ITS Development?

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 926-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Glaser ◽  
Donald L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Valid Test ◽  
University Of Massachusetts ◽  
The University ◽  
Serious Injuries

Driving simulators are increasingly being used to test the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that interface with the driver in the vehicle. Examples of such technologies include autonomous, on-board sensors (Huguenin, 1993) which potentially can prevent many of the rear-end crashes that lead to fatalities or serious injuries (Knipling, Mironer, Hendricks, Tijerin, Everson, Allen and Wilson, 1993). A study of the simulator image factors which affect the detection of rear-end collisions and, more generally, of motion is described below. The study was undertaken on the University of Massachusetts driving simulator located at the Amherst campus.

Using the Canadian ITS architecture for evaluating the safety benefits of intelligent transportation systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Vahidi ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Unique Framework ◽  
Annual World

The benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are indirectly represented by the annual world market for ITS, which according to ITS Canada (2002) will be $90 billion CAN by 2011. Improved safety is often cited as the top goal of implementing ITS. Despite the magnitude of these investments and their underlying goal to improve transportation safety, there are deficiencies in the quantity and quality of reported ITS safety benefits. Many of the benefits reported to date suffer from poor data, lack of an evaluation framework, and inconsistent terminology used to attribute benefits to ITS application areas. This paper explores these issues, while attempting to address one of them, namely the lack of an evaluation framework for assessing the safety benefits of ITS. Accordingly, a unique framework is developed based on the Canadian ITS architecture. The framework includes the identification of evaluation metrics that are mapped to the market packages in the Canadian ITS architecture and correlated with each other to capture the "cause" and "effect" flow of benefits. This framework will benefit future ITS safety evaluations by providing a structure for undertaking evaluations using terminology consistent with the Canadian ITS architecture.Key words: intelligent transportation systems, ITS architecture, safety benefits, safety evaluation.

Designing Run-time Evolution for Dependable and Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems Using Digital Twins

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Luis F. Rivera ◽  
Miguel Jiménez ◽  
Gabriel Tamura ◽  
Norha M. Villegas ◽  
Hausi A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Autonomic Computing ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Physical Assets

The proliferation of Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (SCPS) is increasingly blurring the boundaries between physical and virtual entities. This trend is revolutionizing multiple application domains along the whole human activity spectrum, while pushing the growth of new businesses and innovations such as smart manufacturing, cities and transportation systems, as well as personalized healthcare. Technological advances in the Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence have effected tremendous progress toward the autonomic control of SCPS operations. However, the inherently dynamic nature of physical environments challenges SCPS’ ability to perform adequate control actions over managed physical assets in myriad of contexts. From a design perspective, this issue is related to the system states of operation that cannot be predicted entirely at design time, and the consequential need to define adequate capabilities for run-time self-adaptation and self-evolution. Nevertheless, adaptation and evolution actions must be assessed before realizing them in the managed system in order to ensure resiliency while minimizing the risks. Therefore, the design of SCPS must address not only dependable autonomy but also operational resiliency. In light of this, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose a reference architecture for designing dependable and resilient SCPS that integrates concepts from the research areas of Digital Twin, Adaptive Control and Autonomic Computing. Second, we propose a model identification mechanism for guiding self-evolution, based on continuous experimentation, evolutionary optimization and dynamic simulation, as the architecture’s first major component for dependable autonomy. Third, we propose an adjustment mechanism for self-adaptation, based on gradient descent, as the architecture’s second major component, addressing operational resiliency. Our contributions aim to further advance the research of reliable self-adaptation and self-evolution mechanisms and their inclusion in the design of SCPS. Finally, we evaluate our contributions by implementing prototypes and showing their viability using real data from a case study in the domain of intelligent transportation systems.

Opportunities for Progressive Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems/Automated Highway System Technologies in Support of Commercial Vehicle Operations

1998 ◽  
Vol 1651 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn Klingenberg
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Automated Highway ◽  
Highway System

The U.S. Department of Transportation has undertaken the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) to improve transportation safety and productivity by accelerating the progressive deployment of intelligent transportation systems/automated highway system (ITS/AHS) technologies. Commercial vehicle operations (CVO) stand a unique chance to benefit from this initiative. Truck manufacturers and the trucking industry have made great progress in raising the standards of safety and operating efficiency over the past few years, but further significant advancements can be accomplished only by increased automation of vehicle controls and operations. That opportunity is addressed.

scholarly journals Exploring Critical Success Factors for Blockchain-based Intelligent Transportation Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Murat Tahir Çaldağ ◽  
Ebru Gökalp
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Transportation Capacity

Utilization of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) provides increasing demands on decreasing traffic congestions, transportation safety, and environmental problems as well as increasing transportation capacity. Over the past few years, one of the most disruptive and transformational technologies, blockchain technology, has emerged. As a result of offering more security, privacy, traceability, transparency, and decentralized authority, the utilization of blockchain technology in ITS have increased drastically. Despite this increase, there is a lack of a good understanding of what are the Critical Success Factors (CSF) to support IT providers for designing their products properly, and to provide industry leaders to focus on the main drivers of their outstanding projects. This study aims to explore and analyze CSFs that can facilitate the success of blockchain-based ITS, which has so far been neglected despite its remarkable relevance. In doing so, eleven primary studies, identified as a result of conducting a systematic literature review (SLR), were taken as a baseline to develop the model of CSFs. Additionally, since the number of existing studies related to CSFs for blockchain and ITS are limited, an expert panel was formed to evaluate and contribute to the model. The developed model of CSF for blockchain-based ITS, having a comprehensive approach, consists of 29 CSFs defined under five main contexts, namely technical, management, governance, quality of service, and quality of life. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-SP1-03 Full Text: PDF

Research and Design the Primary Two Vehicles Communication System

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Jin Dong Zhang ◽  
Zhen Hai Gao
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Wireless Lan ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Research And Design

For improve the driving safety and the technology development of inter-vehicle communication, the communication system of supply two vehicles based on GPS, wireless LAN and embedded technology was researched and designed. The system could send/receive driving data information between two vehicles, and display the necessary information on LCD for drivers. In the paper, the process of the system been researched and designed was described. Two applications based on the system were proposed. The system was not only to achieve the desired functionality, but also made foundation for later research. It had great practical value, and very important for technologies research of vehicle safety and intelligent transportation systems.

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