scholarly journals Small Bowel Dissemination of Coccidioidomycosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengmei Zhou ◽  
Yanling Ma ◽  
Parakrama Chandrasoma
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Abdominal Distention ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Gastrointestinal coccidioidomycosis is extremely rare, with less than 10 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of small bowel dissemination of coccidioidomycosis in a 21-year-old African American male with a history of living in San Joaquin Valley. The patient presented with one week of abdominal pain, nausea, shortness of breath, intermittent fever, and sweat, and one month of abdominal distention. A chest radiograph revealed complete effusion of left lung. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed diffuse small bowel thickening and enhancement, as well as omental and peritoneal nodules, and ascites. The coccidioidal complement fixation titer was 1 : 256. The duodenal biopsy revealed many spherules filled with round fungal endospores. Later, blood fungal culture showed positivity forCoccidioides immitis. The final diagnosis is disseminated coccidioidomycosis involving lungs, blood, and duodenum. Despite aggressive antifungal therapy, the patient’s clinical situation deteriorated and he succumbed to multisystem organ failure one and half months later. A high index of suspicion for gastrointestinal coccidioidomycosis should be maintained in patients from an endemic area presenting as abdominal distention and pain.

scholarly journals Bile Salt Enterolith: An Unusual Etiology Mimicking Gallstone Ileus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dana Ferrari-Light ◽  
Ariel Shuchleib ◽  
Joel Ricci-Gorbea
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Gallstone Ileus ◽  
Duodenal Diverticulum ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Distal Jejunum

Primary enterolithiasis is a relatively uncommon but important cause of small bowel obstruction. We present a case of a 69-year-old male with a history of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and asymptomatic duodenal diverticulum diagnosed with small bowel obstruction. CT imaging showed an obstruction distal to the jejunojejunostomy, and surgical intervention was warranted. A 4.5 cm enterolith removed from the distal jejunum was found to contain 100% bile salts, consistent with a primary enterolith. Clinicians should retain a high index of suspicion for enteroliths as a cause of small bowel obstruction, especially if multiple risk factors for enterolith formation are present.

scholarly journals Pulmonary fungal ball due to Trichophyton successfully managed with oral itraconazole: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052110662
Author(s):  
Hsu-Lin Lee ◽  
Li-Mien Chen ◽  
Chen-Chu Chang ◽  
Guan-Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oral Itraconazole

Pulmonary fungal balls are caused by long-term fungal infection of the lung. They are sometimes a complication of previous cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary fungal balls caused by Trichophyton are extremely rare. A 65-year-old man who worked in a leather recycling factory was admitted because of a productive cough and shortness of breath. He had a history of tuberculosis with lung destruction. A chest radiograph showed an opacity surrounding an air lucency over the left lung field, and chest computed tomography showed a mass within a cavity, producing a ball-in-hole appearance, over the left upper lung lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, and fungal culture of the lavage fluid yielded Trichophyton. After 6 months of treatment with oral itraconazole, the patient’s general condition improved. This case emphasizes the importance of awareness of fungal infection within cavitary lesions of the lung and shows that Trichophyton may be the etiologic organism in such cases. Itraconazole is a recommended treatment of pulmonary fungal balls.

scholarly journals Coccidioidomycosis of the Vocal Cords Presenting in Sepsis: A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Curtis Converse ◽  
Atish Dey ◽  
Samuel Decker ◽  
Sarkis Arabian ◽  
Michael Neeki
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Very High

Coccidioidomycosis is a predominantly pulmonary disease caused by species of Coccidioides, a fungus endemic to the American Southwest. Most cases involve exclusively pulmonary manifestations while less than one percent present with disseminated infection, usually with meningeal or skin involvement. In this case, a patient with a history of odynophagia, sore throat, productive cough, weight loss, and abnormalities on chest radiograph presented with sepsis and diabetic ketoacidosis. During admission, the patient underwent bronchoscopy with resulting tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage samples positive for Coccidioides immitis, later supported by confirmatory serum studies. This case illustrates a rare presentation of vocal fold involvement without direct invasion from a continuous site and highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for disseminated coccidioidomycosis with prompt antifungal treatment in order to avoid the very high morbidity and mortality in such cases.

scholarly journals Small Bowel Intussusception due to Multiple Intestinal Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Faten Limaiem ◽  
Saadia Bouraoui
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Adult Intussusception ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Small Bowel Tumors ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
History Of

Metastatic small bowel tumors are rare. They often present with small bowel occlusion, bleeding, perforation, or intestinal intussusception. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the small intestine causing intussusception is exceedingly rare. A 72-yearold male patient with a past medical history of left lung adenocarcinoma, presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. On admission, an X-ray of the abdomen without preparation showed some hydroaeric levels on the small intestine. The abdominopelvic  computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an ileo-ileal invagination, with an image of the invagination rod. The patient underwent a  surgical resection of the small bowel with the removal of the ischemic areas and immediate anastomosis. Macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen revealed five tumor masses varying in size between 1 and 4 cm. The histological examination of the samples taken from these tumors, coupled with an immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal metastases of pulmonary origin  expressing cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) but negative for CK20, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. The  postoperative course was uneventful, and the symptoms transiently recovered. However, the patient died 3 months later. We should consider multiple metastatic lesions in adult intussusception, especially in patients with a past medical history of lung cancer.  

scholarly journals Recurrent Enterolithiasis Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Seldom Described

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ashish Lal Shrestha ◽  
Pradita Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Diffuse Abdominal Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Background. Enterolithiasis of the small bowel is a rare phenomenon in humans although it has been frequently described in equines. Primary enteroliths have been described including those occurring secondary to conditions like Crohn’s disease, small bowel diverticula, tuberculous or postoperative strictures, and blind loops but those occurring in an otherwise normal gut are exceedingly rare. Of even greater rarity is a recurrent small bowel enterolith presenting with obstruction. This may be the first report of such kind.Case Presentation. A 70-year-old man undergoing treatment for stable alcoholic liver disease presented to the emergency with gradually progressive diffuse abdominal pain associated with vomiting and constipation for 7 days. He had gaseous abdominal distention but was not obstipated. He had a history of 2 laparotomies in the past for small bowel obstruction secondary to enterolith impaction. He was initially managed conservatively but since there was no significant clinical improvement, he underwent an exploratory laparotomy. A recurrent enterolith 5 × 5 cm in size was found impacted in the mid ileum with multiple dense serosal adhesions and bands. Adhesiolysis and enterotomy with removal of enterolith were performed.Conclusion. Recurrent enterolithiasis of the small bowel is a rare phenomenon and may present with recurrent obstruction. Definitive preoperative diagnosis is not always possible and a high index of suspicion is required to avoid table misdiagnosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment once conservative measures fail. Laparoscopic methods may help in diagnosis and avoid possibility of a subsequent adhesive bowel obstruction but are associated with technical challenges.

scholarly journals Donor-Derived Coccidioides immitis Endocarditis and Disseminated Infection in the Setting of Solid Organ Transplantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Nelson ◽  
Genevieve Giraldeau ◽  
Jose G. Montoya ◽  
Stan Deresinski ◽  
Dora Y. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Abstract Background.  Endocarditis is a rare manifestation of infection with Coccidioides. This is the first reported case of donor-derived Coccidioides endocarditis obtained from a heart transplant. Methods.  We present a unique case of donor-derived Coccidioides immitis endocarditis and disseminated infection in a heart transplant patient. We also conducted a review of the literature to identify other cases of donor-derived coccidioidomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients and reviewed their clinical characteristics. Results.  Fifteen prior cases of donor-derived coccidioidomycosis were identified. A majority of these cases were diagnosed by positive culture (83%). Mortality was high at 58%. Conclusions.  Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for disseminated coccidioidomycosis in patients who received transplants with organs from donors with a history of residing in endemic regions.

CASE REPORT: RARE FORM OF HIRSCHPRUNG’S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Ilja Skalskis
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Total Colonic Aganglionosis ◽  
Sphincter Function ◽  
Anal Sphincter Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglia in the distal colon, resulting in a functional obstruction. Incidence of total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is 1 in 500 000 and it accounts for 5-10% of all cases of HD. HD should be suspected in patients with typical clinical symptoms and a high index of suspicion is appropriate for infants with a predisposing condition such as Down Syndrome (DS), or for those with a family history of HD. The treatment of choice for HD is surgical, such as Swenson, Soave, and Duhamel procedures. The goals are to resect the affected segment of the colon, bring the normal ganglionic bowel down close to the anus, and preserve internal anal sphincter function. We present a clinical case report of TCA in a child with Down syndrome (DS) and review of literature.

Lockdown dilemma: ingestion of magnetic beads presenting as right iliac fossa pain and subacute small bowel obstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e236429
Author(s):  
Bankole Oyewole ◽  
Anu Sandhya ◽  
Ian Maheswaran ◽  
Timothy Campbell-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Scan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right Iliac Fossa Pain ◽  
Multiple Episodes ◽  
Safety Netting

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 3-day history of migratory right iliac fossa pain. Observations and inflammatory markers were normal, and an ultrasound scan was inconclusive. A provisional diagnosis of non-specific abdominal pain or early appendicitis was made, and she was discharged with safety netting advice. She presented again 6 days later with ongoing abdominal pain now associated with multiple episodes of vomiting; hence, the decision was made to proceed to diagnostic laparoscopy rather than a magnetic resonance scan for further assessment. Intraoperative findings revealed 200 mL of serous fluid in the pelvis, normal-looking appendix, dilated stomach and a tangle of small bowel loops. Blunt and careful dissection revealed fistulous tracts that magnetised the laparoscopic instruments. A minilaparotomy was performed with the extraction of 14 magnetic beads and the repair of nine enterotomies. This case highlights the importance of careful history taking in children presenting with acute abdominal pain of doubtful aetiology.

Intraorbital Abscess: A Rare Cause of Orbit Compression

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162110050
Author(s):  
Samuel Ruiz ◽  
Rizal Lim
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
External Drainage ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Introduction: Intraorbital abscess is a rare complication of rhinosinusitis that affects most commonly the pediatric population. It is thought to be caused by direct extension or venous spread of infections from contiguous sites and can lead to life-threatening complications, like permanent visual loss and cerebral abscesses. Objectives: Intraorbital abscess is a rare condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious complications. Our objectives are to provide an overview of this rare disease process and its management including our successful treatment experience. Case Description: We present a 2 case report of a 13-year-old pediatric male and a 66-year-old male with history of chronic sinusitis who presented with a right intraorbital abscess successfully treated with external drainage with decompression of the orbit. Conclusion: When intraorbital abscess is encountered, a high index of suspicion is needed to allow prompt and accurate diagnosis for this infrequent condition. Timely surgical drainage of the abscess is needed to prevent the development of fatal complications.

Internal herniation during pregnancy after banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a unique location

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e236798
Author(s):  
Daniëlle Susan Bonouvrie ◽  
Evert-Jan Boerma ◽  
Francois M H van Dielen ◽  
Wouter K G Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Internal Herniation ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Bariatric Complications ◽  
History Of

A 26-year-old multigravida, 30+3 weeks pregnant woman, was referred to our tertiary referral centre with acute abdominal pain and vomiting suspected for internal herniation. She had a history of a primary banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (B-RYGB). The MRI scan showed a clustered small bowel package with possible mesenteric swirl diagnosed as internal herniation. A diagnostic laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy showing an internal herniation of the alimentary limb through the silicone ring. The internal herniation was reduced by cutting the silicone ring. Postoperative recovery, remaining pregnancy and labour were uneventful. During pregnancy after B-RYGB, small bowel obstruction can in rare cases occur due to internal herniation through the silicone ring. Education regarding this complication should be provided before bariatric surgery. Treatment of women, 24 to 32 weeks pregnant, in a specialised centre for bariatric complications with a neonatal intensive care unit is advised to improve maternal and neonatal outcome.

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