scholarly journals Biomonitoring Climate Change and Pollution in Marine Ecosystems: A Review onAulacomya ater

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Caza ◽  
Maximiliano Cledon ◽  
Yves St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Stress Monitoring ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

The sedentarism and wide global distribution of the blue musselMytilus edulishave made it a useful bioindicator to assess changes in the health status of the marine ecosystem in response to pollution and other environmental stresses. Effective biomonitoring of an ecosystem requires, however, that multiple biomarkers be used to obtain an accurate measure of the cumulative effects of different sources of environmental stress. Here, we provide a first integrated review of the biological, economical, and geographical characteristics of another species of mussels, the ribbed musselAulacomya ater. We discuss the use ofAulacomya ateras a complementary biomonitor to the blue mussel to assess the impact of pollutants and climate change. Recent findings have indeed shown thatMytilus edulisandAulacomya aterhave distinctive anatomy and physiology and respond differently to environmental stress. Monitoring of mixed beds containing blue and ribbed mussels may thus represent a unique opportunity to study the effect of environmental stress on the biodiversity of marine ecosystems, most notably in the Southern hemisphere, which is particularly sensitive to climate change and where both species often cohabitate in the same intertidal zones.

The Impact of Regional Climate Change on the Marine Ecosystem of the Western Antarctic Peninsula

2012 ◽  
pp. 91-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke ◽  
David K. A. Barnes ◽  
Thomas J. Bracegirdle ◽  
Hugh W. Ducklow ◽  
John C. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Western Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ocean acidification alters the material properties of Mytilus edulis shells

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (103) ◽  
pp. 20141227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Fitzer ◽  
Wenzhong Zhu ◽  
K. Elizabeth Tanner ◽  
Vernon R. Phoenix ◽  
Nicholas A. Kamenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Ocean acidification (OA) and the resultant changing carbonate saturation states is threatening the formation of calcium carbonate shells and exoskeletons of marine organisms. The production of biominerals in such organisms relies on the availability of carbonate and the ability of the organism to biomineralize in changing environments. To understand how biomineralizers will respond to OA the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis , was cultured at projected levels of p CO 2 (380, 550, 750, 1000 µatm) and increased temperatures (ambient, ambient plus 2°C). Nanoindentation (a single mussel shell) and microhardness testing were used to assess the material properties of the shells. Young's modulus ( E ), hardness ( H ) and toughness ( K IC ) were measured in mussel shells grown in multiple stressor conditions. OA caused mussels to produce shell calcite that is stiffer (higher modulus of elasticity) and harder than shells grown in control conditions. The outer shell (calcite) is more brittle in OA conditions while the inner shell (aragonite) is softer and less stiff in shells grown under OA conditions. Combining increasing ocean p CO 2 and temperatures as projected for future global ocean appears to reduce the impact of increasing p CO 2 on the material properties of the mussel shell. OA may cause changes in shell material properties that could prove problematic under predation scenarios for the mussels; however, this may be partially mitigated by increasing temperature.

Impact of biogeochemistry feedbacks on the projected climate change signal over the Indian Continent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Sein ◽  
William Cabos ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Vladimir Ryabchenko ◽  
Stanislav Martyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Impact

<p>There are few studies dedicated to assessing the impact of biogeochemistry feedbacks on the climate change signal. In this study, we evaluate this impact in a future climate change scenario over the Indian subcontinent with the coupled regional model ROM in the Indian CORDEX area.In ROM a global ocean model (MPIOM) with regionally high horizontal resolution (up to 15 km resolution in the Bay of Bengal) is coupled to an atmospheric regional model (REMO, with 25 km resolution) and global terrestrial hydrology model. The ocean and the atmosphere are interacting within the region covered by the atmospheric domain. Outside this domain, the ocean model is not coupled to the atmosphere, being driven by prescribed atmospheric forcing, thus running in so-called stand-alone mode.</p><p>To assess the impact of biogeochemical feedbacks on the climate change signal, we compare two simulations with ROM. In both simulations, the model is driven by data from a climate change simulation under the RCP 8.5 scenario with the MPI-ESM global model and differ only in the activation of the biochemistry module of MPIOM. In the first simulation, we use a light attenuation parameterization based on the Jerlov water types, when the attenuation coefficient varies spatially depending on the water type specified but does not vary in time. In the second simulation, we introduce the biochemical feedbacks as implemented in the global ocean biogeochemistry model HAMOCC.  </p><p>Both simulations capture the main features of the present time atmospheric and oceanic variability in the region and the model with HAMOCC reproduces well the intra-annual dynamics of the marine ecosystem in the northern Indian Ocean.</p><p>A comparison of the simulated changes in atmospheric variables shows that the feedbacks have a substantial impact on the climate change signal for precipitation and air temperature, especially over the central Indian region.</p><p>Acknowledgement: The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 19-47-02015) and Indian project no. DST/INT/RUS/RSF/P-33/G.</p>

Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) bouchot culture in Mont-St Michel Bay: potential mitigation effects on climate change and eutrophication

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Aubin ◽  
Caroline Fontaine ◽  
Myriam Callier ◽  
Emmanuelle Roque d’orbcastel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel

scholarly journals Offshore transport of floodwaters following extreme storms impacts sponge health and associated microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Shore ◽  
Jordan A. Sims ◽  
Michael Grimes ◽  
Lauren I. Howe-Kerr ◽  
Lauren Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Severe Storms ◽  
Terrestrial Runoff ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offshore Reef

AbstractTerrestrial runoff can negatively impact marine ecosystems through stressors including excess nutrients, freshwater, sediments, and contaminants. Severe storms, which are increasing with global climate change, generate massive inputs of runoff over short timescales (hours to days); such runoff impacted offshore reefs in the northwest Gulf of Mexico (NW GoM) following severe storms in 2016 and 2017. Several weeks after coastal flooding from these events, NW GoM reef corals, sponges, and other benthic invertebrates experienced mortality (2016 only) and/or sub-lethal stress (both years). To assess the impact of storm-derived runoff on reef filter feeders, we characterized the microbiomes of two sponges, Agelas clathrodes and Xestospongia muta, during periods of lethal stress, sub-lethal stress, and no stress over a three-year period (2016-2018). Increased anaerobes during lethal stress indicate hypoxic conditions were associated with the 2016 mortality event. Additionally, we found evidence of wastewater contamination (based on 16S rRNA gene libraries and quantitative PCR) in sponges 185 km offshore following storms (2016 and 2017), but not during the non-flooding year (2018). We show that flooding after severe storms reaches offshore reef ecosystems and may impact offshore benthic organisms, highlighting the need for molecular and microbial time series from near- and offshore reef ecosystems, and for the continued mitigation of stormwater runoff and climate change impacts.ImportanceStressors associated with terrestrial runoff have contributed to substantial population declines in nearshore marine ecosystems worldwide over the last three decades. It has been assumed that offshore marine ecosystems (>100 km from land) are largely unaffected by terrestrial runoff. Our findings, however, suggest that flooding events can significantly impact offshore marine organisms, based on the detection of shifted microbiomes and human pathogens in offshore sponges after extreme storm events across two separate years, and lack of detection in a non-flooding year.

scholarly journals Diazotrophy as a key driver of the response of marine net primary productivity to climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bopp ◽  
Olivier Aumont ◽  
Lester Kwiatkowski ◽  
Corentin Clerc ◽  
Léonard Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine net primary production (NPP) is a reason for concern because changing NPP will have widespread consequences for marine ecosystems and their associated services. Projections by the current generation of Earth System Models have suggested decreases in global NPP in response to future climate change, albeit with very large uncertainties. Here, we make use of two versions of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate Model (IPSL-CM) that simulate divergent NPP responses to similar high-emission scenarios in the 21st century and identify nitrogen fixation as the main driver of these divergent NPP responses. Differences in the way N-fixation is parameterized in the marine biogeochemical component PISCES of the IPSL-CMs lead to N-fixation rates that are either stable or double over the course of the 21st century, resulting in decreasing or increasing global NPP, respectively. An evaluation of these 2 model versions does not help constrain future NPP projection uncertainties. However, the use of a more comprehensive version of PISCES, with variable nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios as well as a revised parameterization of the temperature sensitivity of N-fixation, suggests only moderate changes of global-averaged N-fixation in the 21st century. This leads to decreasing global NPP, in line with the model-mean changes of a recent multi-model intercomparison. Lastly, despite contrasting trends in NPP, all our model versions simulate similar and significant reductions in planktonic biomass. This suggests that projected plankton biomass may be a much more robust indicator than NPP of the potential impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems across model.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts on Polar Marine Ecosystems: Toward Robust Approaches for Managing Risks and Uncertainties

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Ottersen ◽  
Andrew J. Constable ◽  
Anne B. Hollowed ◽  
Kirstin K. Holsman ◽  
Jess Melbourne-Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Changing Climate

The Polar Regions chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts on polar marine ecosystems and associated consequences for humans. It also includes identification of confidence for major findings based on agreement across studies and weight of evidence. Sources of uncertainty, from the extent of available datasets, to resolution of projection models, to the complexity and understanding of underlying social-ecological linkages and dynamics, can influence confidence. Here we, marine ecosystem scientists all having experience as lead authors of IPCC reports, examine the evolution of confidence in observed and projected climate-linked changes in polar ecosystems since SROCC. Further synthesis of literature on polar marine ecosystems has been undertaken, especially within IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group II; for the Southern Ocean also the Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean (MEASO). These publications incorporate new scientific findings that address some of the knowledge gaps identified in SROCC. While knowledge gaps have been narrowed, we still find that polar region assessments reflect pronounced geographical skewness in knowledge regarding the responses of marine life to changing climate and associated literature. There is also an imbalance in scientific focus; especially research in Antarctica is dominated by physical oceanography and cryosphere science with highly fragmented approaches and only short-term funding to ecology. There are clear indications that the scientific community has made substantial progress in its ability to project ecosystem responses to future climate change through the development of coupled biophysical models of the region facilitated by increased computer power allowing for improved resolution in space and time. Lastly, we point forward—providing recommendations for future advances for IPCC assessments.

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