scholarly journals Ocean acidification alters the material properties of Mytilus edulis shells

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (103) ◽  
pp. 20141227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Fitzer ◽  
Wenzhong Zhu ◽  
K. Elizabeth Tanner ◽  
Vernon R. Phoenix ◽  
Nicholas A. Kamenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Ocean acidification (OA) and the resultant changing carbonate saturation states is threatening the formation of calcium carbonate shells and exoskeletons of marine organisms. The production of biominerals in such organisms relies on the availability of carbonate and the ability of the organism to biomineralize in changing environments. To understand how biomineralizers will respond to OA the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis , was cultured at projected levels of p CO 2 (380, 550, 750, 1000 µatm) and increased temperatures (ambient, ambient plus 2°C). Nanoindentation (a single mussel shell) and microhardness testing were used to assess the material properties of the shells. Young's modulus ( E ), hardness ( H ) and toughness ( K IC ) were measured in mussel shells grown in multiple stressor conditions. OA caused mussels to produce shell calcite that is stiffer (higher modulus of elasticity) and harder than shells grown in control conditions. The outer shell (calcite) is more brittle in OA conditions while the inner shell (aragonite) is softer and less stiff in shells grown under OA conditions. Combining increasing ocean p CO 2 and temperatures as projected for future global ocean appears to reduce the impact of increasing p CO 2 on the material properties of the mussel shell. OA may cause changes in shell material properties that could prove problematic under predation scenarios for the mussels; however, this may be partially mitigated by increasing temperature.

scholarly journals The impact of ocean acidification on the byssal threads of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0205908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Dickey ◽  
Brian M. Preziosi ◽  
Charles T. Clark ◽  
Timothy J. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Individual and interacting effects of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> calcification: study of the calcite production, the coccolith morphology and the coccosphere size

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 11127-11157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Bodt ◽  
N. Van Oostende ◽  
J. Harlay ◽  
K. Sabbe ◽  
L. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Cell Abundance ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Particulate Inorganic Carbon

Abstract. The impact of ocean acidification and increased water temperature on marine ecosystems, in particular those involving calcifying organisms, has been gradually recognised. We examined the individual and combined effects of increased pCO2 (180 ppm V CO2, 380 ppm V CO2 and 750 ppm V CO2 corresponding to past, present and future CO2 conditions, respectively) and temperature (13°C and 18°C) during the calcification phase of the coccolithophore E. huxleyi using batch culture experiments. We showed that the cell abundance-normalized particulate organic carbon concentration (POC) increased from the present to the future CO2 treatments. A significant effect of pCO2 and of temperature on calcification was found, manifesting itself in a lower cell abundance-normalized particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) content as well as a lower PIC:POC ratio at future CO2 levels and at 18°C. Coccosphere-sized particles showed a size reduction trend with both increasing temperature and CO2 concentration. The influence of the different treatments on coccolith morphology was studied by categorizing SEM coccolith micrographs. The number of well-formed coccoliths decreased with increasing pCO2 while temperature did not have a significant impact on coccolith morphology. No interacting effect of pCO2 and temperature was observed on calcite production, coccolith morphology or on coccosphere size. Finally, our results suggest that ocean acidification might have a larger adverse impact on coccolithophorid calcification than surface water warming.

scholarly journals Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bibby ◽  
S Widdicombe ◽  
H Parry ◽  
J Spicer ◽  
R Pipe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel

scholarly journals Acid-base adjustments and first evidence of denticle corrosion caused by ocean acidification conditions in a demersal shark species

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Dziergwa ◽  
Sarika Singh ◽  
Christopher R. Bridges ◽  
Sven E. Kerwath ◽  
Joachim Enax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
South African ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractGlobal ocean acidification is expected to chronically lower the pH to 7.3 (>2200 µatm seawater pCO2) by the year 2300. Acute hypercapnia already occurs along the South African west and south coasts due to upwelling- and low-oxygen events, with increasing frequency. In the present project we investigated the impact of hypercapnia on the endemic demersal shark species Haploblepharus edwardsii. Specifically, we experimentally analysed acid-base regulation during acute and chronic hypercapnia, the effects of chronic hypercapnia on growth rates and on denticle structure- and composition. While H. edwardsii are physiologically well adapted to acute and chronic hypercapnia, we observed, for the first time, denticle corrosion as a result of chronic exposure. We conclude that denticle corrosion could increase denticle turnover and compromise hydrodynamics and skin protection.

scholarly journals Temperature but not ocean acidification affects energy metabolism and enzyme activities in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omera B. Matoo ◽  
Gisela Lannig ◽  
Christian Bock ◽  
Inna M. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
List Type ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Marine Habitats

SUMMARYIn mosaic marine habitats such as intertidal zones ocean acidification (OA) is exacerbated by high variability of pH, temperature, and biological CO2 production. The non-linear interactions among these drivers can be context-specific and their effect on organisms in these habitats remains largely unknown, warranting further investigation.We were particularly interested in Mytilus edulis (the blue mussel) from intertidal zones of Gulf of Maine (GOM), USA for this study. GOM is a hot spot of global climate change (average SST increasing by > 0.2 °C y-1) with > 60% decline in mussel population over the past 40 years.Here, we utilize bioenergetic underpinnings to identify limits of stress tolerance in M. edulis from GOM exposed to warming and OA. We have measured whole-organism oxygen consumption rates and metabolic biomarkers in mussels exposed to control and elevated temperatures (10 vs. 15 °C) and moderate PCO2 levels (~ 400 vs. 800 μatm).Our study demonstrates that adult M. edulis from GOM are metabolically resilient to the moderate OA scenario but responsive to warming as seen in changes in metabolic rate, energy reserves, metabolite profiles and enzyme activities.Our results are in agreement with recent literature that OA scenarios for the next 100-300 years do not affect this species, possibly as a consequence of maintaining its in vivo acid-base balance.

Hypoxia aggravates the effects of ocean acidification on the physiological energetics of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 110538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaxin Gu ◽  
Yueyong Shang ◽  
Jeff Clements ◽  
Sam Dupont ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Physiological Energetics

scholarly journals Mussel shells of <i>Mytilus edulis</i> as bioarchives of the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium in seawater and the potential impact of pH and temperature on their partitioning behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ponnurangam ◽  
M. Bau ◽  
M. Brenner ◽  
A. Koschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
The North ◽  
Separation And Preconcentration ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Vital Effects ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Mussel shells are potential bioarchives of proxies for changes in the physicochemical conditions in the bivalve's habitat. One such proxy is the distribution of rare earths and yttrium (REY) in seawater, as REY speciation in seawater is sensitive to pH and temperature variations, due to the impact of these parameters on the activity of CO32− in seawater. We present a new protocol for sample preparation and determination of ultratrace concentrations of REY in bulk bivalve shells (comprised of calcite and aragonite) that includes sample treatment with NaOCl followed by REY separation and preconcentration. The data obtained were used to calculate REY partition coefficients between bulk bimineralic shells of Mytilus edulis (calcite aragonite mix) and ambient seawater, and the results acquired were then used to investigate the potential effects of pH and temperature on REY partitioning.Shells of Mytilus edulis mussels from the North Sea show consistent shale-normalized (SN) REY patterns that increase from the light REY to the middle REY and decrease from the middle REY to the heavy REY. Despite being different from the general seawater REYSN pattern, the shells still display distinct REY features of seawater, such as a negative CeSN anomaly and small positive YSN and GdSN anomalies. Apparent REY partition coefficients between shells and seawater (appDTot.REYshell/seawater) are low and decrease strongly from the light REY (4.04 for La) to the heavy REY (0.34 for Lu). However, assuming that only the free REY3+ are incorporated into the shell, modDFreeREY3+shell/seawater values are higher and comparatively similar for all REY (102.46 for La; 113.44 for Lu) but show a slight maximum at Tb (199.18). Although the impact of vital effects, such as REY speciation in a mussel's extrapallial fluid from which the carbonate minerals precipitate, cannot be quantified yet, it appears that M. edulis shells are bioarchives of some REY features of seawater.We modeled the REYSN patterns of a hypothetical mussel shell at pH 8.2 and 7.6 and at temperatures of 25 and 5 °C, assuming that only free REY3+ are incorporated into the carbonate's crystal lattice and that vital effects do not obliterate the REY signal of the shells. The results suggest that with lower pH, REY concentrations in shells increase, but with little effect on the shape of the REYSN patterns, while a temperature change has an impact on the REYSN pattern but only minor effects on REY concentrations. Hence, after additional calibration studies, the REY systematics in mussel shells may become a valuable proxy for paleo-pH and ocean acidification.

Infection of Mytilus edulis by the trematode Echinostephilla patellae (Digenea: Philophthalmidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Prinz ◽  
T.C. Kelly ◽  
R.M. O'Riordan ◽  
S.C. Culloty
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
The Common ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe blue mussel Mytilus edulis is described as second intermediate host for Echinostephilla patellae from the common limpet Patella vulgata. Mussels were infected with metacercariae of E. patellae under laboratory conditions. Average infection rates increased with increasing temperature, whereas numbers of cercariae, to which individual mussels were exposed, had no effect on relative infection success. The round to slightly oval metacercariae with an average cyst diameter of 208 μm (range 186–243 μm) encysted exclusively in the foot tissue of M. edulis. Morphologically similar metacercariae were found in naturally infected mussels at sites where parasitized P. vulgata and M. edulis are sympatric. This is the first report of E. patellae in blue mussels. The detection of M. edulis being a second intermediate host is of particular interest with regard to the abundance of the parasite and host organisms in intertidal rocky shore ecosystems. The potential role of the common limpet P. vulgata as an alternative secondary host is discussed.

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