scholarly journals Activation of Melanocortin Receptors MC1and MC5Attenuates Retinal Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rossi ◽  
R. Maisto ◽  
C. Gesualdo ◽  
M. C. Trotta ◽  
F. Ferraraccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Melanocortin Receptors ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Diabetes Induction

We hypothesize that melanocortin receptors (MC) could activate tissue protective circuit in a model of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic retinopathy (DR) in mice. At 12–16 weeks after diabetes induction, fluorescein angiography (FAG) revealed an approximate incidence of 80% microvascular changes, typical of DR, in the animals, without signs of vascular leakage. Occludin progressively decreased in the retina of mice developing retinopathy. qPCR of murine retina revealed expression of two MC receptors,Mc1randMc5r. The intravitreal injection (5 μL) of the selective MC1small molecule agonist BMS-470539 (33 μmol) and the MC5peptidomimetic agonist PG-901 (7.32 nM) elicited significant protection with regular course and caliber of retinal vessels, as quantified at weeks 12 and 16 after diabetes induction. Mouse retina homogenate settings indicated an augmented release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-2α, MIP-3α, and VEGF from diabetic compared to nondiabetic mice. Application of PG20N or AGRP and MC5and MC1antagonist, respectively, augmented the release of cytokines, while the agonists BMS-470539 and PG-901 almost restored normal pattern of these mediators back to nondiabetic values. Similar changes were quantified with respect to Ki-67 staining. Finally, application of MC3-MC4agonist/antagonists resulted to be inactive with respect to all parameters under assessment.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Activation of Melanocortin Receptors MC1 and MC5 Attenuates Retinal Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
S. Rossi ◽  
R. Maisto ◽  
C. Gesualdo ◽  
M. C. Trotta ◽  
F. Ferraraccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Melanocortin Receptors ◽  
Retinal Damage

scholarly journals Association of changes of retinal vessels diameter with ocular blood flow in eyes with diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Ueno ◽  
Takeshi Iwase ◽  
Kensuke Goto ◽  
Ryo Tomita ◽  
Eimei Ra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWe investigated morphological changes of retinal arteries to determine their association with the blood flow and systemic variables in type 2 diabetes patients. The patients included 47 non-diabetic retinopathy eyes, 36 mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (M-NPDR) eyes, 22 severe NPDR (S-NPDR) eyes, 32 PDR eyes, and 24 normal eyes as controls. The mean wall to lumen ratio (WLR) measured by adaptive optics camera was significantly higher in the PDR groups than in all of the other groups (all P < 0.001). However, the external diameter of the retinal vessels was not significantly different among the groups. The mean blur rate (MBR)-vessel determined by laser speckle flowgraphy was significantly lower in the PDR group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). The WLR was correlated with MBR-vessel (r = − 0.337, P < 0.001), duration of disease (r = 0.191, P = 0.042), stage of DM (r = 0.643, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.166, P < 0.037), and presence of systemic hypertension (r = 0.443, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that MBR-vessel (β = − 0.389, P < 0.001), presence of systemic hypertension (β = 0.334, P = 0.001), and LDL (β = 0.199, P = 0.045) were independent factors significantly associated with the WLR. The increased retinal vessel wall thickness led to a narrowing of lumen diameter and a decrease in the blood flow in the PDR group.

scholarly journals Retinal Blood Vessel and Optic Disc Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 833-838
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessel ◽  
Computerized Screening ◽  
Retinal Fundus

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a main source of vision misfortune in diabetic patients. DR is a predominantly caused because of the harm caused in retinal veins of a diabetic patients. It is fundamental to recognize and fragment their tinal veins for DR identification and determination, which avoids prior vision misfortune in diabetic patients. The PC helped programmed discovery and division of veins through the end of optic location district in Retina. Optic Disc (OD) discovery is a principle step while creating computerized screening framework for diabetic retinopathy. This is a technique to naturally recognize the situation of the OD in advanced retinal fundus pictures. The strategy begins by normalizing glow and difference all through the picture utilizing brightening evening out and versatile histogram balance techniques individually. The OD recognition calculation depends on coordinating the normal directional example of the retinal veins. Henceforth, a straightforward coordinated channel is proposed to generally coordinate the headings of the vessels at the OD region. The retinal vessels are portioned utilizing a basic and standard 2-D Gaussian coordinated channel.

scholarly journals Improving Efficiency in Separating Blood Vessels from Retinal Images with Deep Learning Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3637-3640
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Retinal Pathologies

Retinal vessels ID means to isolate the distinctive retinal configuration issues, either wide or restricted from fundus picture foundation, for example, optic circle, macula, and unusual sores. Retinal vessels recognizable proof investigations are drawing in increasingly more consideration today because of pivotal data contained in structure which is helpful for the identification and analysis of an assortment of retinal pathologies included yet not restricted to: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, hypertension, and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). With the advancement of right around two decades, the inventive methodologies applying PC supported systems for portioning retinal vessels winding up increasingly significant and coming nearer. Various kinds of retinal vessels segmentation strategies discussed by using Deep Learning methods. At that point, the pre-processing activities and the best in class strategies for retinal vessels distinguishing proof are presented.

Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy and the Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 2180-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsul Ola ◽  
Dalia Al-Dosari ◽  
Abdullah S. Alhomida
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision and blindness in developed countries. Diabetes-induced metabolic disorder is believed to increase oxidative stress in the retina. This results in deleterious change through dysregulation of cellular physiology that damages both neuronal and vascular cells. In this review, we first highlight the evidence of potential metabolic sources and pathways which increase oxidative stress that contribute to retinal pathology in diabetes. As oxidative stress is a central factor in the pathophysiology of DR, antioxidants therapy would be beneficial towards preventing the retinal damage. A number of experimental studies by our group and others showed that dietary flavonoids cause reduction in increased oxidative stress and other beneficial effects in diabetic retina. We then discuss the beneficial effects of the six major flavonoid families, such as flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins, which have been studied to improve retinal damage. Flavanoids, being known antioxidants, may ameliorate the retinal degenerative factors including apoptosis, inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetes. Therefore, intake of potential dietary flavonoids would limit oxidative stress and thereby prevent the retinal damage, and subsequently the development of DR.

scholarly journals Patrolling monocytes are recruited and activated by diabetes to protect retinal microvessels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Francesco Tecilazich ◽  
Toan A. Phan ◽  
Fabio Simeoni ◽  
Giulia Maria Scotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acellular Capillaries ◽  
Patrolling Monocytes

In diabetes there is a long latency between onset of hyperglycemia and appearance of structural microangiopathy. Because Ly6C<sup>low</sup> patrolling monocytes (PMo) behave as housekeepers of the vasculature, we tested whether PMo protect microvessels against diabetes. <p>We found that, in wild-type mice,<b> </b>diabetes reduced PMo in the general circulation but increased by 4-fold the absolute number of PMo adherent to retinal vessels (leukostasis). Conversely, in diabetic NR4A1<sup>-/-</sup> mice ─ a model of absence of PMo ─ there was no increase in leukostasis at all; and at 6 months of diabetes the number of retinal acellular capillaries almost doubled when compared to diabetic wild-type mice. Circulating PMo showed gene expression changes indicative of enhanced migratory, vasculo-protective, and housekeeping activities; as well as profound suppression of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis. Pro-migratory CXCR4 was no longer upregulated at longer duration, when retinal acellular capillaries begin to increase.</p> <p>Thus, after short diabetes duration, PMo are the cells preferentially recruited to the retinal vessels and protect vessels from diabetic damage. These observations support the need for reinterpretation of the functional meaning of leukostasis in diabetes, and document within the natural history of diabetic retinopathy processes of protection-repair that can provide novel paradigms for prevention. </p>

scholarly journals Relationship between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy - Neurodegenerative and microvascular changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 3370
Author(s):  
GopalS Pillai ◽  
Rehna Rasheed ◽  
Harish Kumar ◽  
AdishThayyil Shajan ◽  
Natasha Radhakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Microvascular Changes
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