Risk Factors and Symptoms of Meibomian Gland Loss in a Healthy Population

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between MGL and ocular symptoms, several systemic conditions, and key markers of ocular surface health.Methods. We included into the study 91 healthy volunteers between the ages of 20 and 77 years. We analyzed meibomian gland morphology, function, and lid margin alterations. We correlated our findings with self-reported ocular symptoms, systemic medical history, lifestyle factors, and tear film abnormalities.Results. We observed that a high ocular surface disease index, a history of either chalazion or hordeolum, experience of puffy eyelids upon waking, and foreign body sensation all appeared to be predictors of an abnormal meiboscore after adjusting for age and sex (p=0.0007;p=0.001;p=0.02;p=0.001, resp.). Multivariate logistic regression model including age and sex showed that there were three independent predictors of abnormal meiboscore: older age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04 per year,p=0.006), postmenopausal hormone therapy (OR = 4.98, 95% CI = 1.52–16.30,p=0.007), and the use of antiallergy drugs (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 2.18–15.72,p=0.0004).Conclusion. Our findings extend current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MGL.

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The Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology on Ocular Surface and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Teenagers with Myopia

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/5142628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Xiu Wang ◽

Jing Li ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Na Li ◽

Yi Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Time Points ◽

Meniscus Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of overnight orthokeratology (OOK) on ocular surface and meibomian gland dysfunction in teenagers with myopia. Methods. A total of 59 subjects were recruited in this prospective study. The following tests were performed before and after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of OOK lens wear, including ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp examination, and Keratograph 5M. Results. No infectious keratitis occurred during the study. OSDI scores increased gradually and reached the maximum at 6 months of OOK wear (P<0.001). The meniscus height was significantly increased at 1 and 3 months after the initiation of OOK (P=0.006, P=0.035). The corneal fluorescein staining at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after wearing OOK were all increased than the prewearing level with significant difference (P=0.014, P=0.036, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.008, respectively). The first and the average tear film NIKBUT were all higher than the prewearing level, but there was no significant difference between every follow-up time points (P>0.05). The lid margin abnormalities were significantly increased (P=0.003, P=0.038, and P=0.015) at 6, 12, and 24 months after the initiation of OOK. There was no significant difference in the meibomian gland orifice scores at each follow-up time points compared to the prewearing level (P>0.05). The meibomian gland lipid secretion scores after wearing OOK were higher than those of the prewearing level, however, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). No significant differences of the degree of difficulty of lipid excretions were detected after the initiation of OOK (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in meibomian gland dropout scores between all follow-up time points and the prewearing level (P=1.000). Conclusion. OOK increased the symptoms of dry eye and decreased the function of tear film by affecting the meniscus height and BUT. OOK did not affect the function of meibomian glands.Clinical Study registration number: ChiCTR18000185708.

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Tear Film Break-Up Time and Dry Eye Disease Severity in a Large Norwegian Cohort

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 884

Author(s):

Mazyar Yazdani ◽

Jørgen Fiskådal ◽

Xiangjun Chen ◽

Øygunn A. Utheim ◽

Sten Ræder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Tear Film ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Discriminative Power ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Break Up

This study evaluated to what extent tear film break-up time (TFBUT) could discriminate pathological scores for other clinical tests and explore the associations between them. Dry eye patients (n = 2094) were examined for ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film osmolarity (Osm), TFBUT, blink interval, ocular protection index (OPI), ocular surface staining (OSS), Schirmer I test, meibomian expressibility, meibomian quality, and meibomian gland dysfunction. The results were grouped into eight levels of break-up time (≤2, ≥3, ≤5, ≥6, ≤10, ≥11, ≤15, and ≥16) with or without sex stratification. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to study TFBUT’s discriminative power and the associations among the tests, respectively. Above and below each TFBUT’s cut-off, all of the parameters indicated significant difference between groups, except OSDI (cut-off 15 s) and Osm (cut-offs 5 s–15 s). At TFBUT cut-off of 2 s, sex difference could be detected for OSDI, Osm, and OSS. OPI presented the strongest discriminative power and association with TFBUT in sharp contrast to Osm, holding the poorest discriminative power with no significant correlation. The remaining parameters were within the poor to very poor categories, both with regard to discrimination and correlation. In conclusion, patients with lower TFBUT presented with more severe DED parameters at all four defined cut-off values.

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Dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation in sarcoidosis patients

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211006579 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110065

Author(s):

Pelin Kiyat ◽

Melis Palamar ◽

Bengu Gerceker Turk

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Surface Damage ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Drop Out ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Purpose: To analyze the relation between Meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye, and sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty eyes of 10 sarcoidosis patients (Group 1) and 20 left eyes of 20 age-sex matched healthy volunteers (Group 2) were included. Presence of dry eye was evaluated with Schirmer 1 test, tear film break-up time (T-BUT), Oxford scale scoring, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score assessments. A slit-lamp biomicroscope infrared filter (Topcon, SL-D701, IJssel, The Netherlands) was used to evaluate Meibomian glands. The drop-out ratio according to meibography was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 (no loss) through grade 3 (lost area >2/3 of the total Meibomian gland area). Results: Among dry eye tests mean Schirmer 1 and T-BUT values were lower and OSDI score was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and the differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.017, p = 0.039, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, the upper, lower and total meiboscores were statistically significantly higher in Group 1 ( p = 0.047, p = 0.003, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: A significantly higher presence of dry eye and Meibomian gland drop out ratios was detected in sarcoidosis patients. It is important to monitor sarcoidosis patients for dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction and when detected, to treat adequately to prevent ocular surface damage.

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Evaluation of Dry Eye after Implantable Collamer Lens Surgery

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000511197 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haiting Chen ◽

Xueyan Feng ◽

Guangzeng Niu ◽

Yuxiang Fan

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Case Series ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Quality Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Implantable Collamer Lens ◽

Lens Surgery ◽

Breakup Time

Objectives: To evaluate dry eye (DE) and associated meibomian gland dysfunction parameters after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery. Methods: This is a prospective observational case series. Patients who underwent ICL implantation without previous ocular diseases or ophthalmic treatments were enrolled. Their Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), meibography, slit-lamp examination of the lid margin, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer test I were examined preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 117 eyes of 60 patients were enrolled, and 107 eyes completed 3-month follow-up period. OSDI, lid marginal abnormality, and meibomian gland (MG) secretion, and meibum quality score were significantly higher at 1 month postoperatively and recovered partially at 3 months after surgeries, while NIBUT was significantly decreased all the time. Patients with previous DE symptoms (OSDI score ≥12) showed not only lower Schirmer and TBUT values but also higher CFS, lid margin score, MG loss, MG secretion, and meibum quality scores compared with those in the control group after operations. Low Schirmer, NIBUT values, and high meibum quality score were determined as risk factors for DE symptoms after ICL surgery. Conclusions: ICL implantation has a bad influence on the ocular surface and MG functions. The influence may be more obvious in patients with existing DE.

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Changes in Tear-Film Status and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score Following Prolonged Use of Face Mask

Open Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.4236/ojoph.2021.114021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (04) ◽

pp. 253-265

Author(s):

Nawreen Binte Anwar ◽

Basil Anwar ◽

Arup Krishna Choudhury ◽

Mahfuza Rahman Khan ◽

Md. Anisur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Face Mask ◽

Disease Index ◽

Index Score ◽

Ocular Surface Disease ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Score Following

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Efficacy of cyclic therapy with terpinen-4-ol in Demodex blepharitis

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120919085 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212091908 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Özlem Evren Kemer ◽

Emine Esra Karaca ◽

Dilay Özek

Keyword(s):

Ocular Surface ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Disease Index ◽

Ocular Surface Disease ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Cyclic Treatment ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Breakup Time

Purpose To describe the effectiveness of cyclic treatment with terpinen-4-ol, a tea tree oil component, on Demodex blepharitis. Methods The presence of Demodex was determined by eyelash rotation as proposed by Mastrota. Schirmer test, tear breakup time, ocular surface disease index, lid margin score, meibomian gland expressibility score, and Oxford grade were performed. Patients were advised to apply heat followed by terpinen-4-ol soaked wipes to eyelids twice a day for 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks, treatment was interrupted for 7–10 days. The same treatment was repeated once again. The patients were examined after the first and second cycle of treatment and after 1 year. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in Schirmer test (10.37 ± 4.73 and 13.13 ± 3.44 mm/5 min), tear breakup time (6.47 ± 3.31 and 7.6 ± 2.89 s), ocular surface disease index (47.94 ± 19.77 and 34.28 ± 13.40), lid margin score (3.2 ± 0.7 and 2.63 ± 0.71), meibomian gland expressibility scores (1.93 ± 0.64 and 1.4 ± 0.67), and Oxford grade (0.9 ± 0.8 and 0.5 ± 0.63) after the first cycle of treatment ( p < 0.05). The improvement in symptoms and tear function tests of the patients after the second cycle was significantly better than in pre-treatment levels. At 12-month follow-up, symptoms of two patients (93%) relapsed. Conclusion The administration of terpinen-4-ol to the eyelid margins in a cyclic manner in Demodex blepharitis is effective against adult and hatching Demodex and breaks the vicious cycle.

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