Tear Film and Ocular Surface Changes after Closure of the Meibomian Gland Orifices in the Rabbit

Ophthalmology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Gilbard ◽  
Scott R. Rossi ◽  
Kathleen Gray Heyda
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Surface Changes

scholarly journals Tear film and ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica de Cássia Alves ◽  
José Barreto Carvalheira ◽  
Carolina Maria Módulo ◽  
Eduardo Melani Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Surface Changes

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Dry Eye with Ocular Neuropathic Pain Features: Comparison According to the Types of Sensitization Based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghwa Kim ◽  
Hyeon Jeong Yoon ◽  
In Cheon You ◽  
Byung Yi Ko ◽  
Kyung Chul Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Central Group ◽  
Assessment Survey

Abstract Background: To compare the clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular neuropathic pain features according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey (OPAS).Methods: Cross-sectional study of 33 patients with dry eye and ocular neuropathic pain features. All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including detailed history, the intensity and duration of ocular pain, the tear film, ocular surface, and Meibomian gland examination, and OPAS. Patients with <50% improvement in pain intensity after proparacaine challenge test were assigned to the central-dominant sensitization group (central group) and those with ≥50% improvement were assigned to the peripheral-dominant sensitization group (peripheral group). All variables were compared between the two groups.Results: No significant differences were observed in age, sex, underlying diseases, history of ocular surgery, duration of ocular pain, tear film, ocular surface and Meibomian gland parameters (all p>0.05). Ocular pain and non-ocular pain severity and the percentage of time spent thinking about non-ocular pain were significantly higher in the central group than in the peripheral group (all p<0.05). Central group complained more commonly of a burning sensation than did the peripheral group (p=0.01).Conclusions: Patients with central-dominant sensitization may experience more intense ocular and non-ocular pain than the others and burning sensation may be a key symptom in those patients.

A study to assess the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the management of dry eye with meibomiam gland dysfunction

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Prajwalli Reddy ◽  
Wajeeha Umam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is an abnormality of the meibomian gland that blocks the secretion of lipids. Without sufficient lipid production, tears evaporate quickly causing Dry Eye.MGD is associated with multiple pathological mechanisms including inflammation, microbial factors and lipid deficiencies. Topical Cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor that reduces inflammation by specifically inhibiting T‑cell activity, which reduces ocular surface inflammation and improves tear film dynamics. This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients at the Department of Ophthalmology Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital, on patients of dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Patients who were diagnosed with dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction were invited to take part in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of 50 patients each. This study, was explained in detail to them. An informed consent was obtained. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were listed.All OSDI scores (symptom intensity, frequency and aggravation) revealed decreasing patterns throughout the observation period in both the groups. In single analysis, the cyclosporine A 0.05% group showed a significant improvement for each score at 3 months (p &#60; 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean TBUT after treatment in the group A (cyclosporine A group) increased to 12.36± 3.58(p&#60;0.001) seconds, and in the group B (Control group) the TBUT score increased to 11.01±3.06 seconds. After 3 Months, there was statistically significant improvement in the mean Schirmer’s scores in both the treatment groups, however improvement was significantly greater in Cyclosporine A group. Prior to the treatment in group A (Cyclosporine A) mean Lissamine staining score was 2.73±0.15 and post treatment it reduced to 1.32±0.15 which was statistically significant (P&#60;0.001). In group B (Control group) score before treatment was 2.46±0.15 and after treatment it reduced to 2.39±0.27 (p=0.11), not much difference was seen. : Findings from our study showed that there were significant improvements in the dry eye conditions due to defect in meibomian gland by treatment of topical Cyclosporine A 0.05% and sodium hyaluronate 0.1%.

A Systematic Approach to Dry Eye using LipiFlow Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell A Jackson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Evaporative Dry Eye

The complex strategy to understanding dry eye syndrome has led to a widespread change in approaching this condition as an ocular surface disease, stratified as evaporative dry eye, aqueous deficient dry eye, and ocular allergy. The diagnostic armamentarium has vastly expanded to include tear osmolarity and inflammatory markers as redefined by the new International Dry Eye WorkShop (DEWS) in 2007. The Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) panel on meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) further expanded the interpretation of evaporative dry eye and its therapeutic options, including the newest US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved device known as LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System. This paper will give an overview on understanding dry eye disease, its etiology, diagnostic methods, and current therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Factors associated with ocular surface epithelial damage in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Na Rae Kim ◽  
Hee Seung Chin ◽  
Kyoung Yul Seo ◽  
Tae-im Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Primary Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Primary Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Surface Parameters ◽  
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Breakup Time

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemic parameters, laboratory findings, oral parameters, and other ocular surface parameters on ocular surface epithelial damage in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods A total of 82 dry eye disease (DED) patients with pSS were enrolled in this study. Ocular surface epithelial damage was measured by ocular staining score (OSS). Systemic parameters, laboratory findings including serologic markers, oral parameters, and other ocular surface parameters were collected. Other ocular surface parameter assessments such as the Schirmer’s test, fluorescein tear breakup time, meibomian gland examinations, noninvasive keratographic tear film break-up time measurements using the Keratograph® 5 M were performed, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index was determined. Results In a multivariate analysis, decreased age and increased duration of pSS were significantly related to increased logarithm-transformed OSS (β = -0.011, P = 0.043 and β = 0.003, P = 0.008). Among the ocular surface parameters, decreased fluorescein tear breakup time and increased MGD grade were significantly associated with increased logarithm-transformed OSS (β = -0.183, P < 0.001 and β = 0.192, P = 0.049). Conclusions Ocular surface epithelial damage in patients with pSS was associated with young age, long duration of disease, unstable tear film, and decreased meibomian gland function.

scholarly journals The Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology on Ocular Surface and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Teenagers with Myopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xiu Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yi Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Meniscus Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of overnight orthokeratology (OOK) on ocular surface and meibomian gland dysfunction in teenagers with myopia. Methods. A total of 59 subjects were recruited in this prospective study. The following tests were performed before and after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of OOK lens wear, including ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp examination, and Keratograph 5M. Results. No infectious keratitis occurred during the study. OSDI scores increased gradually and reached the maximum at 6 months of OOK wear (P<0.001). The meniscus height was significantly increased at 1 and 3 months after the initiation of OOK (P=0.006, P=0.035). The corneal fluorescein staining at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after wearing OOK were all increased than the prewearing level with significant difference (P=0.014, P=0.036, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.008, respectively). The first and the average tear film NIKBUT were all higher than the prewearing level, but there was no significant difference between every follow-up time points (P>0.05). The lid margin abnormalities were significantly increased (P=0.003, P=0.038, and P=0.015) at 6, 12, and 24 months after the initiation of OOK. There was no significant difference in the meibomian gland orifice scores at each follow-up time points compared to the prewearing level (P>0.05). The meibomian gland lipid secretion scores after wearing OOK were higher than those of the prewearing level, however, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). No significant differences of the degree of difficulty of lipid excretions were detected after the initiation of OOK (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in meibomian gland dropout scores between all follow-up time points and the prewearing level (P=1.000). Conclusion. OOK increased the symptoms of dry eye and decreased the function of tear film by affecting the meniscus height and BUT. OOK did not affect the function of meibomian glands.Clinical Study registration number: ChiCTR18000185708.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Symptoms of Meibomian Gland Loss in a Healthy Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Machalińska ◽  
Aleksandra Zakrzewska ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
Barbara Wiszniewska ◽  
Bogusław Machaliński
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Ocular Surface Health ◽  
Age And Sex

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between MGL and ocular symptoms, several systemic conditions, and key markers of ocular surface health.Methods. We included into the study 91 healthy volunteers between the ages of 20 and 77 years. We analyzed meibomian gland morphology, function, and lid margin alterations. We correlated our findings with self-reported ocular symptoms, systemic medical history, lifestyle factors, and tear film abnormalities.Results. We observed that a high ocular surface disease index, a history of either chalazion or hordeolum, experience of puffy eyelids upon waking, and foreign body sensation all appeared to be predictors of an abnormal meiboscore after adjusting for age and sex (p=0.0007;p=0.001;p=0.02;p=0.001, resp.). Multivariate logistic regression model including age and sex showed that there were three independent predictors of abnormal meiboscore: older age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04 per year,p=0.006), postmenopausal hormone therapy (OR = 4.98, 95% CI = 1.52–16.30,p=0.007), and the use of antiallergy drugs (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 2.18–15.72,p=0.0004).Conclusion. Our findings extend current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MGL.

scholarly journals Tear Film Break-Up Time and Dry Eye Disease Severity in a Large Norwegian Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Mazyar Yazdani ◽  
Jørgen Fiskådal ◽  
Xiangjun Chen ◽  
Øygunn A. Utheim ◽  
Sten Ræder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Break Up

This study evaluated to what extent tear film break-up time (TFBUT) could discriminate pathological scores for other clinical tests and explore the associations between them. Dry eye patients (n = 2094) were examined for ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film osmolarity (Osm), TFBUT, blink interval, ocular protection index (OPI), ocular surface staining (OSS), Schirmer I test, meibomian expressibility, meibomian quality, and meibomian gland dysfunction. The results were grouped into eight levels of break-up time (≤2, ≥3, ≤5, ≥6, ≤10, ≥11, ≤15, and ≥16) with or without sex stratification. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to study TFBUT’s discriminative power and the associations among the tests, respectively. Above and below each TFBUT’s cut-off, all of the parameters indicated significant difference between groups, except OSDI (cut-off 15 s) and Osm (cut-offs 5 s–15 s). At TFBUT cut-off of 2 s, sex difference could be detected for OSDI, Osm, and OSS. OPI presented the strongest discriminative power and association with TFBUT in sharp contrast to Osm, holding the poorest discriminative power with no significant correlation. The remaining parameters were within the poor to very poor categories, both with regard to discrimination and correlation. In conclusion, patients with lower TFBUT presented with more severe DED parameters at all four defined cut-off values.

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