Role of Inorganic and Organic Fractions in Animal Manure Compost in Lead Immobilization and Microbial Activity in Soil

This study aimed to identify how the ratio of inorganic-to-organic components in animal manure compost (AMC) affected both lead immobilization and microbial activity in lead-contaminated soil. When AMC containing 50% or more inorganic fraction with high phosphorous content was applied to contaminated soil, the amounts of water-soluble lead in it were suppressed by over 88% from the values in the soil without compost. The residual fraction under sequential extraction increased with the inorganic fraction in the AMC; however, in those AMCs, the levels of microbial enzyme activity were the same or less than those in the control soil. The application of AMC containing 25% inorganic fraction could alter the lead phases to be more insoluble while improving microbial enzyme activities; however, no suppression of the level of water-soluble lead existed during the first 30 days. These results indicate that compost containing an inorganic component of 50% or more with high phosphorus content is suitable for immobilizing lead; however, in the case where low precipitation is expected for a month, AMC containing 25% inorganic component could be used to both immobilize lead and restore microbial activity.

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Mobility of Zinc in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil after Compost Amendment and Brassica juncea Harvest

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1141 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 1141-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Li Huang ◽

Lin Luo ◽

Jia Chao Zhang ◽

Pu Feng Qin ◽

Man Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Mobility Factor ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Compost Amendment ◽

Exchangeable Fraction ◽

Mn Oxides

Pot experiments were performed to investigate the effect of compost amendment on the mobility of zinc through analysis of Zn fractions in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the total Zn concentration decreased 8.11%, 10.15%, 16.15%, 20.05%, 7.28% and 5.02% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil and Brassica juncea harvest, respectively. Zn was mostly concentrated in the residual fraction and Fe-Mn oxides fraction in soil. The percentage of Zn in water-soluble fraction, organic fraction and residual fraction had no correlation with the amount of compost amendment. The percentage of Zn in the exchangeable fraction decreased and the percentage of Zn in Fe-Mn oxides fractions increased obviously. Furthermore, the mobility factor of Zn decreased significantly from 19.20% without compost amendment to 19.09%, 18.70%, 18.15%, 16.45% and 16.12% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil, the compost amendment could lowered the mobility and phytotoxicity of zinc through bound to Fe-Mn oxides.

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Potential for Lead Release from Lead-Immobilized Animal Manure Compost in Rhizosphere Soil of Shooting Range

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2016/7410186 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Masahiko Katoh ◽

Wei Lu ◽

Takeshi Sato

Keyword(s):

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Lead Level ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Shooting Range ◽

Manure Compost ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Lead Release

This study aimed to clarify the magnitude of lead release from lead-sorbed animal manure compost (AMC) in rhizosphere soil compared with nonplanted soil of shooting range. The presence of buckwheat caused reduction in rhizosphere soil pH and enhancement in the level of water-soluble organic carbon compared with those of nonplanted soil. In addition, the presence of buckwheat altered the lead phases and increased the relative amount of the soluble exchangeable fraction, resulting in increase in the CaCl2-soluble lead level. In contrast, the presence of Guinea grass did not change the lead bioavailability or phases compared with nonplanted soil. Lead release tests in solution showed that between solution pH 5 and solution pH 7 the amount of lead released from the compost was higher in the rhizosphere soil of buckwheat than in nonplanted soil, whereas there was no significant difference between the rhizosphere soil of Guinea grass and nonplanted soil. These results suggest that the increase in the quantity of exchangeable lead resulting from the rhizosphere effect induces lead immobilized by the AMC to be remobilized. Therefore, AMC should be applied to soils that contain plants that are unable to alter the lead phases in the shooting range soil. Efforts should be particularly made to ensure that lead cannot be transformed to the exchangeable phase.

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Sequential extraction procedure for fractionation of Pb and Cr in artificial and contaminated soil

Main Group Metal Chemistry ◽

10.1515/mgmc-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Sadia Qayyum ◽

Ibrar Khan ◽

Yangguo Zhao ◽

Farhana Maqbool ◽

Changsheng Peng

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Exchangeable Fraction ◽

Fraction Bound

AbstractMetal contamination of soil is due to mining, manufacturing and use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste and industrial or domestic sludge) which is a serious environmental problem. Hence, determining chemical forms of metals in soils is important to evaluate their mobility or bioavailability. Both artificial and contaminated soils were sequentially extracted to fractionate metals into the water soluble fraction (WSF), exchangeable fraction (EF), bound to carbonate fraction, bound to metal oxide fraction, organically bound fraction (OBF) and residual fraction (RF). In the case of contaminated soil, Pb and Cr are found to be associated with the carbonate fraction while in artificial soil, Pb bound to WSF and Cr with the Fe/Mn fraction. Chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and textural classification of concerned soils were also analyzed. Percentage recovery was calculated to check the reliability of processes both in Pb and Cr, and it was found to be more in Cr (66% and 84%) in both artificial and contaminated soil than Pb (5% and 34%) in both soils. Analyses of extracts were carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results were interpreted in terms of environmental mobility or bioavailability of metals.

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Dynamics of Microbial Activity Related to N Cycling in Cd-Contaminated Soil During Growth of Soybean

Pedosphere ◽

10.1016/s1002-0160(07)60046-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ye YANG ◽

Ying-Xu CHEN ◽

Guang-Ming TIAN ◽

Zi-Jian ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

N Cycling

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Influence of soil microbial activity level on the determination of contaminated soil toxicity using Lumistox and MetPlate bioassays

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00216-3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 853-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

B Brohon ◽

R Gourdon

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Soil Toxicity ◽

Soil Microbial

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Effect of Modified Fenton’s Reaction on Microbial Activity and Removal of PAHs in Creosote Oil Contaminated Soil

Biodegradation ◽

10.1007/s10532-005-6060-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 29-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. R. T. Palmroth ◽

J. H. Langwaldt ◽

T. A. Aunola ◽

A. Goi ◽

U. Münster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Fenton’S Reaction

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Lead (II) Removal from Contaminated Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation Coupled with Modified Eggshell Waste

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

André Ribeiro ◽

André Mota ◽

Margarida Soares ◽

Carlos Castro ◽

Jorge Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽

Inorganic Contaminants ◽

Reactive Barrier ◽

Eggshell Waste ◽

Inorganic Fraction ◽

Maximum Removal

Electrokinetic remediation deserves particular attention in soil treatment due to its peculiar advantages, including the capability of treating fine and low permeability materials, and achieving consolidation, dewatering and removal of salts and inorganic contaminants like heavy metals in a single stage. In this study, the remediation of artificially lead (II) contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, coupled with Eggshell Inorganic Fraction Powder (EGGIF) permeable reactive barrier (PRB), was investigated. An electric field of 2 V cm-1was applied and was used an EGGIF/soil ratio of 30 g kg-1 of contaminated soil for the preparation of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in each test. It was obtained high removal rates of lead in both experiments, especially near the cathode. In the normalized distance to cathode of 0.2 it was achieved a maximum removal rate of lead (II) of 68, 78 and 83% in initial lead (II) concentration of 500 mg-1, 200 mg-1 and 100 mg-1, respectively. EGGIF (Eggshell Inorganic Fraction) proved that can be used as permeable reactive barrier (PRB) since in all the performed tests were achieved adsorptions yields higher than 90%.

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Thermal stability analysis of particles incorporated in cirrus crystals and of non-activated particles in between the cirrus crystals: Comparing clean and polluted air masses

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-3-3659-2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 3659-3679 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Seifert ◽

J. Ström ◽

R. Krejci ◽

A. Minikin ◽

A. Petzold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Regime ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cloud Formation ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Air Masses ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Soluble Sulfate ◽

Indirect Information ◽

Cold Case

Abstract. A thermal volatility technique is used to provide indirect information about the chemical composition of the aerosol involved in cirrus cloud formation. The fraction of particles that disappears after being heated to 125°C is termed volatile and the fraction that disappears between 125 and 250°C is termed semi-volatile. Particles that still remain after being heated to 250°C make up the non-volatile fraction. The thermal composition of residual particles remaining from evaporated cirrus crystals is presented and compared to interstitial aerosol particles (non-activated particles in between the cirrus crystals) for two temperature regimes (cold: T<235 K, warm: 235<T<250 K), based on in-situ observations. The observations were conducted in cirrus clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes during the INCA project. In the cold temperature regime, the non-volatile fraction of the residual particles was typically in the range 10 to 30% in the NH and 30 to 40% in the SH. In the warm temperature regime, the non-volatile residual fraction was typically 10 to 30% (NH) and 20 to 40% (SH). At high crystal number densities the non-volatile fraction in both temperature regimes was even higher: in the range of 30 to 40% (NH) and 40 to 50% (SH). The semi-volatile fraction was typically less than 10% in both hemispheres, causing the volatile fraction to essentially be a complement to the non-volatile fraction. In terms of the fractioning into the three types of particles, the SH cold case is clearly different compared to the other three cases (the two warm cases and the cold NH case), which share many features. In the NH data the distribution of different particle types does not seem to be temperature dependent. In all the cases, the non-volatile fraction is enriched in the residual particles compared to the fractions observed for the interstitial particles. This enrichment corresponds to about 15 (NH) and 30 (SH) percent units in the two cold cases and to 15–25 (NH) and 25–35 (SH) percent units in the two warm cases. In the NH cold case, there is a clear relation between the fractions observed in the interstitial particles and what is observed in the residual particles. The observed large fractions of non-volatile particles show that particles forming ice crystals are not entirely made up of water-soluble sulfate particles.

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