scholarly journals HIV-Associated Oral Mucosal Melanin Hyperpigmentation: A Clinical Study in a South African Population Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chandran ◽  
L. Feller ◽  
J. Lemmer ◽  
R. A. G. Khammissa
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HIV-associated oral mucosal melanin hyperpigmentation (HIV-OMH) in a specific population of HIV-seropositive South Africans and to analyse the associations between HIV-OMH clinical features and the demographic and immunological characteristics of the study cohort.Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 200 HIV-seropositive Black subjects. The collected data comprised age, gender, CD4+ T cell count, viral load, systemic disease, medications, oral site affected by HIV-OMH, extent (localized or generalized), intensity of the pigmentation (dark or light), and smoking and snuff use.Results. Overall, 18.5% of the study cohort had HIV-OMH. Twenty-two and a half percent had OMH that could not with confidence be attributed to HIV infection, and 59% did not have any OMH. There was a significant but weak association between smoking and the presence of HIV-OMH.Conclusions. The prevalence of HIV-OMH in the study population was 18.5%, the gingiva being the most commonly affected site. It appears that the CD4+ T cell count does not play any role in the biopathology of HIV-OMH.

scholarly journals Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Sapana Karn ◽  
Manjula Bhattarai ◽  
Ramanuj Rauniyar ◽  
Anurag Adhikari ◽  
Pratik Karna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL(mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children.We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.Keywords: CD4+ T lymphocyte; children; HIV; immunophenotyping; Kathmandu; Nepal.

Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Sapana Karn ◽  
Manjula Bhattarai ◽  
Ramanuj Rauniyar ◽  
Anurag Adhikari ◽  
Pratik Karna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL (mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and 95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children. We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.

scholarly journals Relationship between T Cell Activation and CD4+T Cell Count in HIV‐Seropositive Individuals with Undetectable Plasma HIV RNA Levels in the Absence of Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Hunt ◽  
Jason Brenchley ◽  
Elizabeth Sinclair ◽  
Joseph M. McCune ◽  
Michelle Roland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Undetectable Plasma ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Rna Levels

scholarly journals Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases in a Semirural District of South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Hamilton Wood ◽  
Elaine Blignaut ◽  
Johan Lemmer ◽  
Robin Meyerov ◽  
Liviu Feller
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Objectives. The aim of this study was to characterize the lesions of necrotizing gingivitis (NG) and necrotizing periodontitis (NP) with regard to extent and severity, and to correlate these parameters with the host HIV serostatus, CD4+ T-cell count, neutrophil count, age, and gender.Methods. Eighty-four consecutive patients, 39 black females and 45 black males aged 20–46 years, diagnosed with NG/NP were recruited to the study over a period of two years.Results. For both HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients, the mandibular anterior gingiva was most frequently affected; 74% had NG/NP affecting ≥5 gingival tooth sites. Ninety percent of all patients had a mean severity of ≤4 mm. There was no statistically significant association between either extent or severity of NG/NP and HIV serostatus, CD4+ T-cell count, neutrophil count, age, or gender. The difference between the number of HIV-seropositive patients with NG/NP who had CD4+ T-cell counts ≤200 cells/mm3and those who had CD4+ T cell counts of 201–499 cells/mm3was not statistically significant.Conclusion. The clinical signs of NG/NP are similar in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients, and are not related to CD4+ T-cell count, to neutrophil count, to gender, or to age.

scholarly journals Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimezie Ezenabike ◽  
Oluwaseyi S. Ashaka ◽  
Adesuyi A. Omoare ◽  
Abayomi Fadeyi ◽  
Alakija K. Salami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Cryptococcal Antigen ◽  
Cryptococcus Species ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background and Purpose: The potential for the invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus species is underscored by the presence of this organism in the blood of immunocompromised individuals. Early adoption of sensitive methods for the diagnosis of Cryptococcus species will reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Regarding this, the aim of the present research was to detect cryptococcal antigen among HIV1- infected individuals in north-central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on HIV-1 infected individuals accessing care at three health facilities in north-central Nigeria between November 2014 and March 2017. For the purpose of the study, blood samples were collected from 300 HIV1-infected individuals within the age group of 3-65 years. The CD4+ T-cell count was determined, and the samples were analyzed for cryptococcal antigenemia using the methods of lateral flow assay (LFA) and culture technique. Results: Cryptococcus antigen was detected in 19.67% (59/300) of the patients, and only 25.4% (15/59) of the LFA-positive samples showed Cryptococcus species growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar after 3 days. Furthermore, fungal growth was observed in one of the specimens, which was LFA negative. Additionally, 30 of the 59 LFA-positive patients had cryptococcal antigen in their serum with a CD4+ T-cell count of < 150 cells/mm3. Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, infection with Cryptococcus species is a problem among HIV-infected patients in the region under study. Therefore, all HIV patients, especially those with a CD4+ T-cell count of < 150 cells/mm3, referring to the HAART clinics in Nigeria, should be screened for cryptococcal antigen.

scholarly journals Serological survey and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among HIV-infected pregnant women attending Abuja Tertiary Hospital, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Maryam Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy could induce miscarriage, congenital anomalies in foetuses and encephalitis in HIV-infected people. Hence, there is a need to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected pregnant women to inform clinicians about the significance of maternal toxoplasmosis in antenatal care.AimThis study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection, associated CD4+ T-cell profile and sociodemographic risk factors among pregnant women with or without HIV infection attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study involved blood samples collected from 160 HIV-infected and 160 HIV-seronegative pregnant women. These samples were analysed for anti-T. gondii (IgG and IgM) and CD4+ T-cell count using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Sociodemographic variables of participants were collected using structured questionnaires. ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM was 28.8% and 3.8%, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM was 29.4% and 4.4%, respectively, among HIV-seropositive pregnant women and 28.1% and 3.1%, respectively, among HIV-seronegative women. There was no significant association between the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii-IgG and anti-T. gondii-IgM with age, gestational age, education level, parity or place of residence of HIV-infected pregnant women (P > 0.05). However, there was significant association between the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii-IgG (P = 0.03) and anti-T. gondii-IgM (P = 0.01) with education level. CD4+ T-cell count varied significantly between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women (P = 0.035). Conclusion In this study, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM did not differ in HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative pregnant women. However, women with primary T. gondii and HIV coinfection had lower CD4+ T-cell count than those with toxoplasmosis monoinfection.

scholarly journals Manifestasi klinis tipe kandidiasis oral pada penderita AIDS di Rumah Sakit Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar (Clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis types in AIDS patients at Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Sumintarti Sumintarti ◽  
Andi Rasdiana S
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Oral candidiasis is one of clinical manifestations in aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This conditionis a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of Candida spesies. The clinical types oforal candidiasis are erythematous or atropic, pseudomembranous, hyperplastic or chronic, and angular cheilitis. AIDS isgroup of symptoms that resulting from infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This case is associated with thedecreasing of CD4 count. The aimof this study was to know the types of oral candidiasis on AIDS patients at Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Hospital. This observational studywith a cross-sectional design examined 30 patients with AIDS whosuffered fromoral candidiasis, to determine its type after the diagnosis had confirmed by culture test. Their CD4 cellcount taken fromtheir medical records. The result showed that Pseudomembranous candidiasis were found to be higher(76.7%), that was followed by angular cheilitis (23.3%), hyperplastic (16.7%), and erythematous (6.7%). They wereshowed showed CD4 T cell count <200 cells/mm3 (63.3%). From this study, it was concluded that pseudomembranous candidiasis is the most common type and showed that CD4 T cell count <200cells/mmfrom the AIDS patients.

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