scholarly journals Energy Efficient Clustering Based Network Protocol Stack for 3D Airborne Monitoring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Joshi ◽  
Sarang Dhongdi ◽  
Rishabh Sethunathan ◽  
Pritish Nahar ◽  
K. R. Anupama
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Network Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Airborne Networks ◽  
Cluster Head Rotation

Wireless Sensor Network consists of large number of nodes densely deployed in ad hoc manner. Usually, most of the application areas of WSNs require two-dimensional (2D) topology. Various emerging application areas such as airborne networks and underwater wireless sensor networks are usually deployed using three-dimensional (3D) network topology. In this paper, a static 3D cluster-based network topology has been proposed for airborne networks. A network protocol stack consisting of various protocols such as TDMA MAC and dynamic routing along with services such as time synchronization, Cluster Head rotation, and power level management has been proposed for this airborne network. The proposed protocol stack has been implemented on the hardware platform consisting of number of TelosB nodes. This 3D airborne network architecture can be used to measure Air Quality Index (AQI) in an area. Various parameters of network such as energy consumption, Cluster Head rotation, time synchronization, and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) have been analyzed. Detailed description of the implementation of the protocol stack along with results of implementation has been provided in this paper.

scholarly journals Energy Threshold-based Cluster Head Rotation for Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Hadi Raheem Ali ◽  
Hussein Attia Lafta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Energy Distance ◽  
Cluster Head Rotation

Energy efficiency represents a fundamental issue in WSNs, since the network lifetime period entirely depends on the energy of sensor nodes, which are usually battery-operated. In this article, an unequal clustering-based routing protocol has been suggested, where parameters of energy, distance, and density are involved in the cluster head election. Besides, the sizes of clusters are unequal according to distance, energy, and density. Furthermore, the cluster heads are not changed every round unless the residual energy reaches a specific threshold of energy. The outcomes of the conducted simulation confirmed that the performance of the suggested protocol achieves improvement in energy efficiency.

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