The rotation scheme of quantum states based on EPR pairs

In this paper, we give a further discussion of short-distance teleportation. We propose bidirectional, rotation and cyclic rotation teleportation schemes for short-distance participants, respectively. In our bidirectional transmission scheme, the quantum channel is still an EPR pair and an auxiliary qubit in the ground state [Formula: see text], and two participants can transmit an unknown single-qubit state to each other. In the rotation and cyclic rotation schemes, bidirectional transmission is performed between two adjacent participants in turn. The unknown state qubits of the participants collapse into the ground state after one bidirectional transmission, and can be used as auxiliary qubits in subsequent bidirectional transmission. After a complete state rotation, each participant has held the unknown state of the other participants, and the last one owned by the participant is still the original unknown state. Although the schemes we proposed are applicable to a small range of transmission, they have certain advantages in saving quantum resources.

The effect of a new route on the microstructure and property of 6063 alloy during the ECAP deformation

The microstructures and hardness of 6063 Al alloy subjected to different ECAP route (Bc and the new route) were investigated. These two routes have different rotation scheme of a sample around its long axis between two consecutive ECAP passes: Bc route, by which sample were rotated in the same direction by 90°; the new route, by which sample were rotated in the same direction by 135°. The feature microstructures of the samples subjected to the two routes were investigated by the optical microscopy (OM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. In comparison, the pressing by the new route produces more homogeneous microstructure with the higher fraction of high angle boundaries. Furthermore, the hardness results showed that work hardening can be observed and do not depend much on the ECAP route. However, distribution of hardness in cross-sections of samples revealed that processing to total passes number of eight by the new route improves deformation uniformity.

Majority Decision Aggregation with Binarized Data in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the cornerstone of the current Internet of Things era. They have limited resources and features, a smaller packet size than other types of networks, and dynamic multi-hop transmission. WSNs can monitor a particular area of interest and are used in many different applications. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, WSNs have been used to measure social distancing/contact tracing among people. However, the major challenge faced by WSN protocols is limited battery energy. Therefore, the whole WSN area is divided into odd clusters using k-means++ clustering to make a majority rule decision to reduce the amount of additional data sent to the base station (or sink) and achieve node energy-saving efficiency. This study proposes an energy-efficient binarized data aggregation (EEBDA) scheme, by which, through a threshold value, the collected sensing data are asserted with binary values. Subsequently, the corresponding cluster head (CH), according to the Hamming weight and the final majority decision, is calculated and sent to the base station (BS). The EEBDA is based on each cluster and divides the entire WSN area into four quadrants. All CHs construct a data-relay transmission link in the same quadrant; the binary value is transferred from the CHs to the sink. The EEBDA adopts a CH rotation scheme to aggregate the data based on the majority results in the cluster. The simulation results demonstrate that the EEBDA can reduce redundant data transmissions, average the energy consumption of nodes in the cluster, and obtain a better network lifetime when compared to the LEACH, LEACH-C, and DEEC algorithms.

A Low-Cost MEMS Missile-Borne Compound Rotation Modulation Scheme

Rotation modulation (RM) has been widely used in navigation systems to significantly improve the navigation accuracy of inertial navigation systems (INSs). However, the traditional single-axis rotation modulation cannot achieve the modulation of all the constant errors in the three directions; thus, it is not suitable for application in highly dynamic environments due to requirements for high precision in missiles. Aiming at the problems of error accumulation and divergence in the direction of rotation axis existing in the traditional single-axis rotation modulation, a novel rotation scheme is proposed. Firstly, the error propagation principle of the new rotation modulation scheme is analyzed. Secondly, the condition of realizing the error modulation with constant error is discussed. Finally, the original rotation modulation navigation algorithm is optimized for the new rotation modulation scheme. The experiment and simulation results show that the new rotation scheme can effectively modulate the error divergence of roll angle and improve the accuracy of roll angle by two orders of magnitude.

Productivity of mustachioed pea varieties depending on the nutrition background under the conditions of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The purpose of the research was to find out the effect of the main fertilization system in the crop rotation scheme on the yield and quality of seeds of moustachioed pea varieties in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out in the period 2016–2020 in the stationary crop rotation scheme of V.Y.Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine. The soil is powerful, poorly leached chernozem. The object of study were seven zoned varieties – Deviz, Tsarevych, Otaman, Oplot, Korvet, Haiduk and Malakhit. The experiment scheme included three backgrounds: 1 – crop rotation (without fertilizers); 2 – organic (manure aftereffect); 3 – organo-mineral (aftereffect of manure + N30P30K30 in the main application). The cultivation technology is generally accepted for the zone. The experimental results were statistically processed by the method of analysis of variance. Results and discussion. In unstable weather conditions 2016–2020 on the unfertilized background, the highest yield level was provided by the varieties Tsarevych (2.33 t/ha), Haiduk (2.28 t/ha) and Oplot (2.27 t/ha) with an excess of the standard variety Deviz by 0.19–0, 25 t/ha. Depending on the year of research, the maximum yield of these varieties varied within 3.04–3.21 t/ha, the minimum yield was 0.77–0.88 t/ha, and the range of variation was 2.27–2.38 t/ha. The productivity of the above mentioned varieties (2.75–2.77 t/ha) exceeded the standard by an average of 0.43–0.45 t/ha on the organic background, and compared with the unfertilized background, the increase in grain yield was 0.44–0.45 t / ha or 18.9–21.5 %. The highest yield (3.04–3.07 t/ha) and an increase in grain (0.77–0.84 t/ha) were provided by the varieties Tsarevych, Haiduk and Oplot on the organo-mineral background. This testifies to their good response to fertilizers and the possibility of cultivation using intensive technology. During the years of research, the maximum yield of these varieties was 4.16–4.39 t/ha, the minimum – 1.27–1.51 t/ha, and the highest range of its variation was from 2.79 t/ha to 2.89 t/ha. The smallest increase in grain on the organo-mineral background of fertilization was obtained in the varieties Malakhit and Korvet – 0.47 t/ha and 0.56 t/ha respectively. At the same time, the range of yield variation over the years was the smallest – 2.43–2.44 t/ha. The most favourable weather conditions for peas were in 2016, 2017 and 2020. Accordingly, this provided the highest level of average yield of varieties in terms of backgrounds: without fertilization – 2.70–2.72 t/ha, organic – 2.87–3.23 t/ha, organo-mineral – 3.14–3.83 t/ha. In the most unfavourable weather conditions of 2019, regardless of the nutritional background, the Tsarevych and Otaman varieties were more resistant to drought. The average yield of these varieties on the unfertilized background was 0.81 t/ha. At the same time, organic and organo-mineral nutritional backgrounds provided a significant increase in the grain – respectively 0.39 t/ha and 0.48 t/ha. Conclusions. On average for 2016–2020, the Tsarevych and Haiduk varieties were the most responsive to fertilization. The increase in grain of these varieties were consistently high – 0.44 and 0.47 t/ha on the organic background (aftereffect of manure) and 0.84 and 0.79 t/ha with the main application of N30P30K30 on the organic background respectively. On average, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer backgrounds for Tsarevych and Haiduk varieties ensured an increase in their productivity 0.38 t/ha and 0.69 t/ha respectively, with a yield under control (without fertilizers) of 2.21 t/ha. The dependence of the quality of pea grain on the variety and nutrition background was revealed. The highest protein content of grain was obtained in less productive varieties of Korvet and Malakhit with indicators, in the control of 24.09 and 23.35%, and on the organic-mineral background – 24.63% and 23.39% respectively. The possibility of the simultaneous increase in yield and protein content in the grain of the Haiduk variety has been established. The most significant gross protein harvest was obtained on the organic-mineral nutritional background in the Haiduk, Oplot and Tsarevych varieties (0.682–0.689 t/ha) with an increase of 16.8–17.8% in comparison with the standard variety Devyz. The increase in the gross yield of protein per hectare, in most varieties, depended on the level of their yield rather than on the protein content in the grain

Unconstrained global simulations of ocean tides up to degree 3 for satellite gravimetry

<p>Tidal de-aliasing of satellite gravimetric data is a critical task in order to correctly extract gravimetric signatures of climate signals like glacier melting or groundwater depletion and poses a high demand on the accuracy of the employed tidal solutions (Flechtner et al., 2016). Modern tidal atlases that are constrained by altimetry data possess a high level of accuracy, especially for partial tides exhibiting large open ocean signals (e.g. M2, K1). Since the achievable precision directly depends on the available density and quality of altimetry data, the accuracy relative to the tidal amplitude drops for minor tidal excitations (worse signal-to-noise ratio) as well as in polar latitudes (sparse satellite-data). In contrast, this drop in relative accuracy can be reduced by employing an unconstrained tidal model acting independently of altimetric data.<br>We will present recent results from the purely-hydrodynamic, barotropic tidal model TiME (Weis et al., 2008) that benefit from a set of recently implemented upgrades. Among others, these include a revised scheme for dynamic feedbacks of self-attraction and loading; energy-dissipation by parametrized internal wavedrag; partial tide excitations by the tide-generating potential up to degree 3; and a pole-rotation scheme allowing for simulations dedicated to polar areas. Benefiting from the recent updates, the obtained solutions for major tides are on the same level of accuracy as comparable modern unconstrained tidal models. Furthermore, we show that the relative accuracy level only drops moderately for tidal excitations with small excitation strength (e.g. for minor tides), thus narrowing down the accuracy gap to data-constrained tidal atlases. Exemplarily for this, we introduce solutions for minor tidal excitations of degrees 2 and 3 that represent valuable constraints for the expected ocean tide dynamics. While they are currently not considered for GRACE-FO de-aliasing we demonstrate that third-degree tides can lead to relevant aliasing of satellite gravity fields and correspond closely to recently published empirical solutions (Ray, 2020).</p>

Hydraulic calculation of reliability and safety parameters of the irrigation network and its hydraulic facilities

Nowadays, more than 155.7 thousand km of irrigation networks are operated by WUA, farms and clusters. 95% of irrigation networks were built and commissioned in the 80s of the last centuries. The parameters of the irrigation canals, built in the 70-80s of the XX century, are set for irrigation of cotton and alfalfa irrigated agriculture during the growing season 170-210 days. Irrigation networks have been designed for this crop rotation scheme. Since 1993, the rotation scheme has changed to cotton-wheat. Irrigation networks began to operate continuously throughout the year after the transition of agricultural production to the cultivation of autumn cereals, which require irrigation from October to May. As a result, it has become difficult to carry out repair work on irrigation networks. In addition, irrigation networks have been designed, built and operated by adapting crops to traditional irrigation systems. In recent years, large-scale work has been carried out on the widespread implementation of water-saving technologies in agriculture.

Seismic shot-encoding schemes for waveform inversion

A shot-encoding technique can be used in seismic waveform inversion to significantly reduce the computational cost by reducing the number of seismic simulations in the inversion procedure. Here we developed two alternative shot-encoding schemes to perform simultaneous-sources waveform inversion. The first scheme (I) encodes shot gathers with random-phase rotations applied to seismic traces. The second scheme (II) encodes shot gathers with random static time shifts. The well-known polarity encoding scheme (III) is just a special case of the random-phase rotation scheme. The second scheme is a variation of the conventional static shift encoding (IV), but the static time shifts in the second scheme are limited to one period of the dominant frequency. All encoded shot gathers are added up into a single super-shot gather for seismic waveform inversion. We perform the time-domain waveform inversion, using these shot-encoding schemes in conjunction with a restarted L-BFGS algorithm in the iterative inversion. The effectiveness and efficiency analyses demonstrate that the two shot-encoding schemes (I and II) proposed in this paper may improve the convergence of the iterative inversion, reduce the crosstalk effect among shots and consequently produce a subsurface velocity model with a high resolution.