Association between Aqueous Cytokines and Diabetic Retinopathy Stage

Purpose.To measure the concentrations of various cytokines in the aqueous humor from patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy.Methods.All selected cataract patients were categorized into 4 groups: the control group (patients without diabetes), nonretinopathy (NDR) group (diabetic patients without retinopathy), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group. The aqueous concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from patients were measured using the cytometric bead array technique.Results.In this study, 10, 22, 15, and 14 patients were included in the control, NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups, respectively. No difference was observed in the aqueous concentrations of all cytokines between the control group and the NDR group. By contrast, comparison of these groups revealed that the aqueous concentrations of most inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the PDR and NPDR groups. In addition, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, and VEGF were higher in the PDR group than those in the NPDR group.Conclusions.Aqueous concentrations of various cytokines increased with the severity of patients’ diabetic retinopathy. This finding implies that these cytokines might play a role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

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Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Epiretinal Membranes of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Macular Pucker

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000027378 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 212 (6) ◽

pp. 410-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Donald Armstrong ◽

Albert J. Augustin ◽

Robert Spengler ◽

Ahmad Al-Jada ◽

Tracy Nickola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Epiretinal Membranes ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Necrosis Factor

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The role of vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2007.07.011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 141-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Małgorzata Myśliwiec ◽

Anna Balcerska ◽

Katarzyna Zorena ◽

Jolanta Myśliwska ◽

Paweł Lipowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Leukotriene D4 enhances tumor necrosis factor-α-induced vascular endothelial growth factor production in human monocytes/macrophages

Cytokine ◽

10.1016/j.cyto.2011.03.018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yasuhiro Haneda ◽

Shunji Hasegawa ◽

Reiji Hirano ◽

Kunio Hashimoto ◽

Ayami Ohsaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Human Monocytes ◽

Leukotriene D4 ◽

Growth Factor Production ◽

Factor Α ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Serum biomarker profiles of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, matrix-metalloproteinase-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor in endometriosis staging

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v22i2.532 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Wachyu Hadisaputra ◽

Sandhy Prayudhana

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related polymorphisms rs10738760 and rs6921438 are not risk factors for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2018.3519 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 94-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jana Sajovic ◽

Ines Cilenšek ◽

Sara Mankoč ◽

Špela Tajnšek ◽

Tanja Kunej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important regulator of angiogenesis and has been investigated as a candidate gene in a number of conditions, including diabetes and its microvascular complications (e.g., retinopathy and nephropathy). Several VEGF-related polymorphisms have been shown to contribute to nearly half of the variability in circulating VEGF levels in healthy individuals. Our aim was to assess the association between VEGF-related rs10738760 and rs6921438 polymorphisms and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We also investigated the effect of these polymorphisms on VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression in fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) from patients with PDR. This case-control study enrolled 505 unrelated patients with T2DM: 143 diabetic patients with PDR as a study group, and 362 patients with T2DM of >10 years duration and with no clinical signs of PDR as a control group. Patient clinical and laboratory data were obtained from their medical records. rs10738760 and rs6921438 polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. VEGFR-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 20 FVMs from patients with PDR, and numerical areal density of VEGFR-2-positive cells was calculated. The occurrence of PDR was 1.7 times higher in diabetic patients carrying GA genotype of rs6921438 compared to patients with GG genotype, with a borderline statistical significance (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.00 – 2.86, p = 0.05). In addition, A allele of rs6921438 was associated with increased VEGFR-2 expression in FVMs from PDR patients. However, we observed no association between AA genotype of rs6921438 nor between rs10738760 variants and PDR, indicating that the two polymorphisms are not genetic risk factors for PDR.

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