scholarly journals The Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Silymarin SMEDDS Formulation Study in Healthy Thai Volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuleegone Sornsuvit ◽  
Darunee Hongwiset ◽  
Songwut Yotsawimonwat ◽  
Manatchaya Toonkum ◽  
Satawat Thongsawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Rapid Absorption ◽  
The Mean

The present study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of silymarin 140 mg SMEDDS formulation. An open-label, single-dose pharmacokinetic study was conducted. Twelve healthy volunteers were included in the study. After the volunteers had fasted overnight for 10 h, a single-dose generic silymarin 140 mg SMEDDS soft capsule was administered. Then 10 ml blood samples were taken at 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.33, 1.67, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 h. The plasma silybin concentrations were analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed and calculated. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after silymarin had been administered as a single capsule. The mean (range) Cmax was 812.43 (259.47–1505.47) ng/ml at 0.80 (0.25–1.67) h (tmax). The mean (range) AUC0-t and AUC0-inf were 658.80 (268.29–1045.01) ng.h/ml and 676.98 (274.10–1050.96) ng.h/ml, respectively. The mean ke and t1/2 were 0.5386 h-1 and 1.91 h, respectively. The silymarin SMEDDS formulation soft capsule showed rapid absorption and high oral bioavailability.

scholarly journals Opposite Effects of Single-Dose and Multidose Administration of the Ethanol Extract of Danshen on CYP3A in Healthy Volunteers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Qiu ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Yueming Ma ◽  
Guangji Wang ◽  
Chenglu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Open Label ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single- and multidose administration of the ethanol extract of danshen on in vivo CYP3A activity in healthy volunteers. A sequential, open-label, and three-period pharmacokinetic interaction study design was used based on 12 healthy male individuals. The plasma concentrations of midazolam and its metabolite 1-hydroxymidazolam were measured. Treatment with single dose of the extract caused the meanCmaxof midazolam to increase by 87% compared with control. After 10 days of the danshen extract intake, the mean AUC0–12,Cmax, andt1/2of midazolam were decreased by 79.9%, 66.6%, and 43.8%, respectively. The mean clearance of midazolam was increased by 501.6% compared with control. The in vitro study showed that dihydrotanshinone I in the extract could inhibit CYP3A, while tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone could induce CYP3A. In conclusion, a single-dose administration of the danshen extract can inhibit intestinal CYP3A, but multidose administration can induce intestinal and hepatic CYP3A.

Influence of food on the oral bioavailability of rupatadine tablets in healthy volunteers: A single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Solans ◽  
Marcel·lí Carbó ◽  
Juana Peña ◽  
Teresa Nadal ◽  
Iñaki Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Influence Of Food

scholarly journals Bioequivalence of levamlodipine besylate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single-dose and two-period crossover randomized study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xin ◽  
Chenjing Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Shuqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Abstract Background: Levamlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, has been show act as a cardiovascular drug. To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters between levamlodipine (test formulation) at a single dose of 5 mg and amlodipine (reference formulation) at a single dose of 10 mg, the bioequivalence study was carried out.Methods: A single-dose randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study was designed in healthy Chinese subjects. 48 subjects were divided into fasted and fed groups equally. The subjects randomly received the test or reference formulations at the rate of 1:1. Following a 21-day washout period, the alternative formulations were received. The blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 hours later. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of levamlodipine. Adverse events were recorded.Results: The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ under both fasted and fed conditions were within the prespecified bioequivalence limits between 80~125%. Under fasted conditions, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2.70±0.49) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (141.32±36.24) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (157.14±45.65) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 5 mg levamlodipine. The mean Cmax was (2.83±0.52) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (153.62±33.96) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (173.05±41.78) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 10 mg amlodipine. Under fed conditions, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2.73±0.55) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (166.93±49.96) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (190.99±70.89) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 5 mg levamlodipine. The mean Cmax was (2.87±0.81) ng/mL AUC0-t was (165.46±43.58) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (189.51±64.70) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 10 mg amlodipine. Serious adverse event was not observed.Conclusion: The trial confirmed that levamlodipine at a single dose of 5 mg and amlodipine at a single dose of 10 mg were bioequivalent under both fasted condition and fed condition.Trial registration: Cinicaltrials, NCT04411875. Registered 3 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009W1Q&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00050YQ&ts=3&cx=-6iqkm8

scholarly journals Effect of the Most Relevant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of 10 CYP3A Substrates

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Saiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Susana Almenara ◽  
Marcos Navares-Gómez ◽  
Dolores Ochoa ◽  
Manuel Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Enzyme Function ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyp3a4 Enzyme

Several cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP3A polymorphisms were associated with reduced enzyme function. We aimed to evaluate the influence of these alleles on the pharmacokinetic parameters (PK) of several CYP3A substrates. We included 251 healthy volunteers who received a single dose of ambrisentan, atorvastatin, imatinib, aripiprazole, fentanyl, amlodipine, donepezil, olanzapine, fesoterodine, or quetiapine. The volunteers were genotyped for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms by qPCR. To compare the PK across studies, measurements were corrected by the mean of each parameter for every drug and were logarithmically transformed. Neither CYP3A phenotype nor individual CYP3A4 or CYP3A5 polymorphisms were significantly associated with differences in PK. However, regarding the substrates that are exclusively metabolized by CYP3A, we observed a higher normalized AUC (p = 0.099) and a tendency of lower normalized Cl (p = 0.069) in CYP3A4 mutated allele carriers what was associated with diminished drug metabolism capacity. CYP3A4 polymorphisms did not show a pronounced influence on PK of the analysed drugs. If so, their impact could be detectable in a very small percentage of subjects. Although there are few subjects carrying CYP3A4 double mutations, the effect in those might be relevant, especially due to the majority of subjects lacking the CYP3A5 enzyme. In heterozygous subjects, the consequence might be less noticeable due to the high inducible potential of the CYP3A4 enzyme.

scholarly journals Bioequivalence of levamlodipine besylate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single-dose and two-period crossover randomized study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xin ◽  
Chenjing Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Shuqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Abstract Background: Levamlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, has been show act as a cardiovascular drug. To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters between levamlodipine (test formulation) at a single dose of 5 mg and amlodipine (reference formulation) at a single dose of 10 mg, the bioequivalence study was carried out.Methods: A single-dose randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study was designed in healthy Chinese subjects. 48 subjects were divided into fasted and fed groups equally. The subjects randomly received the test or reference formulations at the rate of 1:1. Following a 21-day washout period, the alternative formulations were received. The blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 hours later. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of levamlodipine. Adverse events were recorded.Results: The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ under both fasted and fed conditions were within the prespecified bioequivalence limits between 80~125%. Under fasted conditions, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2.70±0.49) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (141.32±36.24) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (157.14±45.65) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 5 mg levamlodipine. The mean Cmax was (2.83±0.52) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (153.62±33.96) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (173.05±41.78) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 10 mg amlodipine. Under fed conditions, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2.73±0.55) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (166.93±49.96) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (190.99±70.89) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 5 mg levamlodipine. The mean Cmax was (2.87±0.81) ng/mL AUC0-t was (165.46±43.58) ng×h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (189.51±64.70) ng×h/mL after a single dose of 10 mg amlodipine. Serious adverse event was not observed.Conclusion: The trial confirmed that levamlodipine at a single dose of 5 mg and amlodipine at a single dose of 10 mg were bioequivalent under both fasted condition and fed condition.Trial registration: Cinicaltrials, NCT04411875. Registered 3 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009W1Q&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00050YQ&ts=3&cx=-6iqkm8

scholarly journals Bioequivalence of levamlodipine besylate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: a single-dose and two-period crossover randomized study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Chenjing Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Shuqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Abstract Background Levamlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, has been show act as a cardiovascular drug. To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters between levamlodipine (test formulation) at a single dose of 5 mg and amlodipine (reference formulation) at a single dose of 10 mg, the bioequivalence study was carried out. Methods A single-dose randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study was designed in healthy Chinese subjects. 48 subjects were divided into fasted and fed groups equally. The subjects randomly received the test or reference formulations at the rate of 1:1. Following a 21-day washout period, the alternative formulations were received. The blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h later. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of levamlodipine. Adverse events were recorded. Results The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ under both fasted and fed conditions were within the prespecified bioequivalence limits between 80 ~ 125%. Under fasted conditions, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2.70 ± 0.49) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (141.32 ± 36.24) ng × h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (157.14 ± 45.65) ng × h/mL after a single dose of 5 mg levamlodipine. The mean Cmax was (2.83 ± 0.52) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (153.62 ± 33.96) ng × h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (173.05 ± 41.78) ng × h/mL after a single dose of 10 mg amlodipine. Under fed conditions, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2.73 ± 0.55) ng/mL, AUC0-t was (166.93 ± 49.96) ng × h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (190.99 ± 70.89) ng × h/mL after a single dose of 5 mg levamlodipine. The mean Cmax was (2.87 ± 0.81) ng/mL AUC0-t was (165.46 ± 43.58) ng × h/mL and AUC0-∞ was (189.51 ± 64.70) ng × h/mL after a single dose of 10 mg amlodipine. Serious adverse event was not observed. Conclusion The trial confirmed that levamlodipine at a single dose of 5 mg and amlodipine at a single dose of 10 mg were bioequivalent under both fasted condition and fed condition. Trial registration Cinicaltrials, NCT04411875. Registered 3 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Potential Metabolism-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction Between Atomoxetine and Bupropion in Healthy Volunteers

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Todor ◽  
Adina Popa ◽  
Maria Neag ◽  
Dana Muntean ◽  
Corina Bocsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Cyp2d6 Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Drug

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of bupropion on the pharmacokinetic profile of atomoxetine and its main active metabolite (glucuronidated form), 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide, in healthy volunteers. Methods: An open-label, non-randomized, two-period, sequential clinical trial was conducted as follows: during Period I (Reference), each volunteer received a single oral dose of 25 mg atomoxetine, whilst during Period II (Test), a combination of 25 mg atomoxetine and 300 mg bupropion was administered to all volunteers, after a pretreatment regimen with bupropion for 7 days. Next, after determining atomoxetine and 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide plasma concentrations, their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental method and subsequently compared to determine any statistically significant differences between the two periods. Results: Bupropion intake influenced all the pharmacokinetic parameters of both atomoxetine and its metabolite. For atomoxetine, Cmax increased from 226±96.1 to 386±137 ng/mL and more importantly, AUC0-∞ was significantly increasedfrom 1580±1040 to 8060±4160 ng*h/mL, while the mean t1/2 was prolonged after bupropion pretreatment. For 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide, Cmax and AUC0-∞  were decreased from 707±269 to 212±145 ng/mL and from 5750±1240 to 3860±1220 ng*h/mL, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the effect of bupropion on CYP2D6 activity was responsible for an increased systemic exposure to atomoxetine (5.1-fold) and also for a decreased exposure to its main metabolite (1.5-fold). Additional studies are required in order to evaluate the clinical relevance of this pharmacokinetic drug interaction.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Potential Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Nebivolol and Fluvoxamine in Healthy Volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Gheldiu ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Adina Popa ◽  
Corina Briciu ◽  
Dana Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Hydroxylated Metabolite

Purpose: To investigate whether fluvoxamine coadministration can influence the pharmacokinetic properties of nebivolol and its active hydroxylated metabolite (4-OH-nebivolol) and to assess the consequences of this potential pharmacokinetic interaction upon nebivolol pharmacodynamics. Methods: This open-label, non-randomized, sequential clinical trial consisted of two periods: Period 1 (Reference), during which each volunteer received a single dose of 5 mg nebivolol and Period 2 (Test), when a combination of 5 mg nebivolol and 100 mg fluvoxamine was given to all subjects, after a 6-days pretreatment regimen with fluvoxamine (50-100 mg/day). Non-compartmental analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite. The pharmacodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) were assessed at rest after each nebivolol intake, during both study periods. Results: Fluvoxamine pretreatment increased Cmax and AUC0-∞  of nebivolol (Cmax: 1.67 ± 0.690  vs 2.20 ± 0.970  ng/mL; AUC0-∞: 12.1 ± 11.0  vs 19.3 ± 19.5  ng*h/mL ) and of its active metabolite (Cmax: 0.680  ± 0.220  vs 0.960 ± 0.290  ng/mL; AUC0-∞: 17.6 ±20.1  vs 25.5 ± 29.9  ng*h/mL). Apart from Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞, the other pharmacokinetic parameters (tmax, kel and t½) were not significantly different between study periods. As for the pharmacodynamic analysis, decreases in blood pressure and heart rate after nebivolol administration were similar with and without fluvoxamine concomitant intake. Conclusions: Due to enzymatic inhibition, fluvoxamine increases the exposure to nebivolol and its active hydroxylated metabolite in healthy volunteers. This did not influence the blood pressure and heart-rate lowering effects of the beta-blocker administered as single-dose. However, more detail studies involving actual patients are required to further investigate the clinical relevance of this drug interaction. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Bioequivalence study of different brands of vildagliptin in healthy human subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahaveer Sharma ◽  
S. S. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Single Dose Study ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used to treat diabetes mellitus. No bioequivalence study data have been published for the Indian population comparing bioequivalence of vildagliptin brands Galvus, Zomelis, and Jalra. This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence between three brands of vildagliptin 50 mg tablet (test 1, Zomelis; test 2, Jalra; and reference, Galvus) and to compare these test formulations with the reference formulation to meet the regulatory requirements of bioequivalence of CDSCO, India. The study was conducted in the clinical research center of the college after enrolling 12 healthy volunteers. This study was a single-dose, randomized, open-label, balanced, three treatment, three period, under fasting condition in 12 adult healthy volunteers. After overnight fasting, the subjects received a single dose of either of any three brands of the vildagliptin tablet (T1—test 1; T2—test 2; and R—reference). The washout period was 7 days. Randomization was in the way of T1T2R in the first period, T2T1R in the second period, and RT1T2 in the third period. Blood samples were collected, after that drug concentration in the plasma was measured with the help of HPLC. Outcome measures 90% confidence interval of the geometric mean ratios (test/reference) for the LnCmax, LnAUC0-t, and LnAUC0-∞ was calculated. Results The AUC0-t was 1390.03, 1401.50, and 1409.37 ng h/ml for the T1, T2, and R, respectively. Cmax was 287.89, 287.41, and 285.17 ng/ml for the T1, T2, and R, respectively. AUC0-∞ was 1452.03, 1467.59, and 1473.53 ng h/ml for the T1, T2, and R, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the T1, T2, and R. The geometric mean ratios for T1/R for LnCmax, LnAUC0-t, and LnAUC0-∞ were 1.0014 (90% CI, 1.0002–1.0026), 0.9992 (90% CI, 0.9971–1.0013), and 0.9994 (90% CI, 0.9973–1.0016), respectively. For the T2/R, geometric mean ratios for LnCmax, LnAUC0-t, and LnAUC0-∞ were 1.0003 (90% CI, 0.9992–1.0013), 0.9988 (90% CI, 0.9969–1.0008), and 0.9985 (90% CI, 0.9961–1.0010), respectively. Conclusion In this single-dose study involving Indian healthy volunteers under fasting conditions, the three brands of vildagliptin (Zomelis, Jalra, and Galvus) were bioequivalent as per the bioequivalence criterion of CDSCO, India.

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