scholarly journals The Role of Osteocalcin and Alkaline Phosphatase Immunohistochemistry in Osteosarcoma Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Ita Asyifa ◽  
Afiati Aziz ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bone Tumours ◽  
Small Specimen ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Primary Bone Tumours

Background. The diagnosis of Osteosarcoma (OSA) is not always straightforward. OSA may resemble Other Primary Bone Tumours (OPBT). The diagnosis of osteosarcoma is sometimes difficult especially in a very small specimen. Immunohistochemistry is one of ancillary testing types that can help the diagnosis of many tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of Osteocalcin (OCN) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) immunohistochemistry in discriminating OSA from OPBT. Method. This study included 50 selected human primary bone tumours, 25 cases of OSA and 25 cases of OPBT. Immunohistochemical evaluation of OCN and ALP was done for all cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy were calculated. Result. The mean age of OSA and OPBT patients was 19.6±13.6 and 40.0±16.3 years, respectively. Osteocalcin was positive in 17/25 (68%) cases of OSA and 16/25 (64%) cases of OPBT (p=0.061). Alkaline Phosphatase was positive in 24/25 (96%) cases of OSA and 5/25 (20%) cases of OPBT (p<0.001). The sensitivity of OCN in OSA diagnosis was 68%, with specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy being 36%, 52%, 53%, and 52%, respectively. The sensitivity of ALP in OSA diagnosis was 96%, with specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy being 80%, 82.7%, 95.2%, and 88%, respectively. Conclusion. ALP immunohistochemistry is useful in discriminating OSA from OPBT. ALP is superior to OCN in OSA diagnosis. OCN cannot be used to differentiate between OSA and OPBT.

ROLE OF MAMMOGRAPHY AND CORE BIOPSY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST TUMOR

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Trong Hung Phan ◽  
Cong Thuan Dang ◽  
Thanh Thao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Breast tumor is a popular disease. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Mammography is the chosen screening test and ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy provides (US-CNB) the pathologic result for treatment. Objective: To study the role of mammography and core biopsy in diagnosis of breast tumors. Materials and methodology: Prospective and retrospective study of 33 breast tumors examined mammograms at Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital from 7/2014 to 4/2017. Results: Mean age of breast cancer: 52 years old, of benign breast disease: 53 years old. 86% of all cases admitted to hospital due to self-detecting breast tumor. Locations: 0-3h 33.3%, 9-12h 27.2%. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography were 76.9%, 28.6% and 66.7% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy value of US-CNB were 95.2%, 85.6%, 95.2%, 85.6% and 92.9%, respectively. The value of combined with mammograms and US-CNB has improved the specificity and positive predictive value to 100%, accuracy value to 95.2%. Moreover, this combination discovered 7.1% breast cancer more. Conclusion: US-CNB is a safe and less traumatic diagnostic tool with high pathologic efficiency. Combining mammography and US-CNB increases the diagnostic value. Key words: Breast tumor, breast cancer, mammograms

scholarly journals A systematic review of the role of pulmonary irradiation in the management of primary bone tumours

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Whelan ◽  
R.J. Burcombe ◽  
J. Janinis ◽  
A.M. Baldelli ◽  
A.M. Cassoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Tumours ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Primary Bone Tumours

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS USING ULTRASOUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Abdullah Hamdan ◽  
◽  
Nasraldeen Alnaeem M. Alkhidir ◽  
Abdelmoneim Saeed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Histopathological Report

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is mainly clinical and to confirm the clinical diagnosis ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen is being used to help in diagnosis of the disease. To find out the role of USG in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in clinically equivocal cases and to correlate USG findings with histopathological reports (HPR) of removed appendix.Total numbers of 100 patients were included in the study from 12March 2019 to 5 December 2019. Findings on ultrasound were finally compared with histopathological report of appendices removed on surgery. Those cases with alternate diagnosis were followed up and proved with other means of investigation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in our study were found to be 79 %, 84.20 %, 95.50%, 48.40% and 80% respectively.

Study of Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Merina Gyawali ◽  
Prakash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Shape Sensitivity ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Common Clinical Finding ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Pattern Sensitivity

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are a very common clinical finding which can be single ormultinodular and benign or malignant. Ultrasonography (USG) followed by USG guided fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is usually done in evaluating any thyroid nodule that ispalpable on physical examination. The purpose of this study was to study the role of USG in evaluating thyroid nodules and its correlation with findings of FNAC of thyroid. Methods: One hundred and twenty five patients with palpable thyroid referred for USG neckwere included in the study. Ultrasonography assessments of thyroid with different parameters were done. The findings were later compared with FNAC thyroid. Results: On FNAC and histological analysis, thyroid malignancy was observed in 14 out of 125 (11.21%) subjects. Malignant nodules on USG demonstrated hypoechoic pattern (sensitivity 82.3%, specificity 97.2%, and positive predictive value 82.3%), irregular margins (sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 96.3%, and accuracy 77.8%), central vascularity (sensitivity 82.3%, specificity 95.4%, and positive predictive value 73.7%) and taller-than-wider shape (sensitivity 82.3%, specificity 96.3%, and accuracy 77.8%). Sixteen cases with suspicion of malignant thyroid nodules demonstrated these 2 or more USG features. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of thyroid nodules for detecting malignancy increased to 87.5%, 98.2% and 87.5% respectively when two or more of these USG features were present. Conclusions: Thyroid USG demonstrating hypoechoic pattern, irregular margins, centralvascularity and taller-than-wider shape had potential of being malignant. Thyroid nodules were found to have more malignant potential when two or more of these USG features were present.

The role of histology in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Iwata ◽  
M. Scarborough ◽  
G. Bowden ◽  
M. McNally ◽  
Y. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of histological analysis in spinal biopsies for spondylodiscitis (SD).Patients and MethodsClinical features, radiology, results of microbiology, histology, and laboratory investigations in 50 suspected SD patients were evaluated. In 29 patients, the final (i.e. treatment-based) diagnosis was pyogenic SD; in seven patients, the final diagnosis was mycobacterial SD. In pyogenic SD, the neutrophil polymorph (NP) infiltrate was scored semi-quantitatively by determining the mean number of NPs per (×400) high-power field (HPF).ResultsOf the 29 pyogenic SD patients, 17 had positive microbiology and 21 positive histology (i.e. one or more NPs per HPF on average). All non-SD patients showed less than one NP per HPF. The presence of one or more NPs per HPF had a diagnostic sensitivity of 72.4%, specificity 100%, accuracy 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 81.0%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 61.9%. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were greater using the criterion of positive histology and/or microbiology than positive histology or microbiology alone. Granulomas were identified histologically in seven mycobacterial SD patients, and positive microbiology was detected in four.ConclusionThe diagnosis of pyogenic SD was more often confirmed by positive histology (one or more NPs per HPF on average) than by microbiology, although diagnostic sensitivity was greater when both histology and microbiology were positive. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:246–252.

scholarly journals Utility of tissue Xpert-Mtb/Rif for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in patients with ileocolonic ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 204993611986393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji L Bellam ◽  
Harshal S Mandavdhare ◽  
Kusum Sharma ◽  
Siddharth Shukla ◽  
Hariom Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Data on the use of Xpert Mtb/Rif for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is sparse. We report on the utility of Xpert Mtb/Rif testing for diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) in patients with ileocecal ulcers Methodology: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with ileocecal ulcers and suspected to have ITB and in whom testing of intestinal tissue for Xpert Mtb/Rif was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with a final diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and those with other diagnosis. These patients were compared for clinical features and presentation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Xpert Mtb/Rif for the diagnosis of ITB were calculated. Results: Of the 40 patients studied, 23 were women and the mean age was 32.92 ± 12.78 years. Abdominal pain was present in 33 (88.5%) patients and diarrhea in 12 (30%). A total of 25 patients had underlying ITB whereas 15 patients had other diagnoses (Crohn’s disease, amebiasis, nonspecific ileitis, etc.). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of GeneXpert-Mtb/Rif was 32% (CI: 14.95–53.50%), 100% (78.2–100), 46.88% (40.27–53.59%), 100 & 57.50 (40.89–72.89%) respectively. Conclusion: A positive GeneXpert-Mtb/Rif helps in the diagnosis of ITB, but the sensitivity is low.

scholarly journals Role of Maternal Serum Placental Protein 13 at 11-13 weeks of Pregnancy as a Predictor of Pre-eclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Mahfuja Asma ◽  
Farzana Sharmin ◽  
Firoza Begum ◽  
Mahbuba Begum ◽  
Muhammad Mahmud Alam
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Placental Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Prediction of pre-eclampsia is very important during pregnancy. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the role of maternal serum placental protein 13 at 11 to 13 weeks of pregnancy as a predictor of pre-eclampsia. Methodology: This prospective cohort study was carried out including 83 pregnant women with early gestation (11-13 weeks) attending the antenatal clinic of BSMMU hospital, Dhaka, during the period of July 2019 to December 2019 for a period of six months. Maternal serum was taken for measurement of Placental Protein 13 by ELISA technique. Then the subjects were regularly followed up to term. At each visit they were clinically evaluated by measuring blood pressure and testing urine for protein by heat coagulation method. Proteinuria was confirmed by measuring 24 hour urinary total protein. Result: Out of 83 cases, 5 developed preeclampsia. The mean value of Placental Protein 13 in non-preeclampsia patients was 167.5±8.79 and in pre-eclamptic patients was 131.54±20.06. The cutoff point value of Placental Protein 13 for prediction of preeclampsia was 0.68 MoM. Area under curve (AUC) was 0.93. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this test were 80.00%, 94.94%, 50.00% and 98.68% respectively. The accuracy of this test was 93.98%. Conclusion: In conclusion maternal serum Placental Protein 13 can predict risk of development of preeclampsia. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 47-51

scholarly journals Accuracy of ultrasonography for differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Nijssen ◽  
Paul van Amstel ◽  
Joost van Schuppen ◽  
Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk ◽  
Ramon R. Gorter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Time Of Operation

Abstract Purpose Accurate differentiation between simple and complex appendicitis is important since differences in treatment exist. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis. Methods Data from children aged < 18 years who underwent appendectomy between the 1st of January 2013 and the 1st of January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Ultrasonography reports of eligible children were divided into simple (test negative) and complex appendicitis (test positive) based on predefined criteria and compared to a gold standard (a combination of predefined perioperative and histopathological criteria). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to measure ultrasonographic accuracy in differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis. Results 176 children were eligible for inclusion. The mean age at the time of operation was 10.1 ± SD 4.6 years. 84 (47.7%) children had simple appendicitis and 92 (52.3%) had complex appendicitis. The use of ultrasonography yielded a sensitivity: 46%, specificity: 90%, PPV: 84%, and NPV: 60%. Conclusion Ultrasonography as standalone modality is not suitable for differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis in children. To improve preoperative differentiation, other variables such as clinical signs and laboratory data are necessary in conjunction with ultrasonography findings.

Porous tantalum acetabular cups for reconstructions after peri-acetabular resections of primary bone tumours

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110015
Author(s):  
Riccardo Zucchini ◽  
Andrea Sambri ◽  
Claudio Giannini ◽  
Michele Fiore ◽  
Carlotta Calamelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tumour ◽  
Hip Dislocation ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Bone Tumours ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Porous Tantalum ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Primary Bone Tumours

Introduction: Periacetabular reconstruction after resection of primary bone tumour is a very demanding procedure. They are frequently associated with scarce functional results and a high rate of complications. We report a series of patients with periacetabular resections for primary bone tumours and reconstruction with a porous tantalum (PT) acetabular cup (AC). Materials and methods: 27 patients (median age 30 years) were included, being affected by primary bone tumours of the pelvis and treated with peri-acetabular resection and reconstruction with a PT AC. The diagnoses were 13 osteosarcomas, 7 chondrosarcomas and 7 Ewing sarcomas. Function was assessed with the Harris Hip Score and complications were classified according to Zeifang. Results: The median follow-up was 70 months. 1 patient required removal of the PT AC because of implant associated infection 55 months after surgery. There was 1 hip dislocation and no case of aseptic loosening. At final follow-up, the median HHS was 81 points (range 48–92). Conclusions: The used PT AC had good medium-term survival rates and good functional results. This technique is a viable reconstructive option after resections of periacetabular primary bone sarcomas.

scholarly journals Foundational Statistical Principles in Medical Research: Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Monaghan ◽  
Syed N. Rahman ◽  
Christina W. Agudelo ◽  
Alan J. Wein ◽  
Jason M. Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Positive Test Result ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Test Probability

Sensitivity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a positive assignment out of all subjects who are actually positive for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly have the outcome of interest. Specificity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a negative assignment out of all subjects who are actually negative for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly do not have the outcome of interest. Positive predictive value reflects the proportion of subjects with a positive test result who truly have the outcome of interest. Negative predictive value reflects the proportion of subjects with a negative test result who truly do not have the outcome of interest. Sensitivity and specificity are inversely related, wherein one increases as the other decreases, but are generally considered stable for a given test, whereas positive and negative predictive values do inherently vary with pre-test probability (e.g., changes in population disease prevalence). This article will further detail the concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values using a recent real-world example from the medical literature.

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