scholarly journals Measuring Conflicts Using Cardinal Ranking: An Application to Decision Analytic Conflict Evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Fasth ◽  
Aron Larsson ◽  
Love Ekenberg ◽  
Mats Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Preference Elicitation ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
The Core ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Decision Alternatives ◽  
Public Decision

One of the core complexities involved in evaluating decision alternatives in the area of public decision-making is to deal with conflicts. The stakeholders affected by and involved in the decision often have conflicting preferences regarding the actions under consideration. For an executive authority, these differences of opinion can be problematic, during both implementation and communication, even though the decision is rational with respect to an attribute set perceived to represent social welfare. It is therefore important to involve the stakeholders in the process and to get an understanding of their preferences. Otherwise, the stakeholder disagreement can lead to costly conflicts. One way of approaching this problem is to provide means for comprehensive, yet effective stakeholder preference elicitation methods, where the stakeholders can state their preferences with respect to actions part of the current agenda of a government. In this paper we contribute two supporting methods: (i) an application of the cardinal ranking (CAR) method for preference elicitation for conflict evaluations and (ii) two conflict indices for measuring stakeholder conflicts. The application of the CAR method utilizes a do nothing alternative to differentiate between positive and negative actions. The elicited preferences can then be used as input to the two conflict indices indicating the level of conflict within a stakeholder group or between two stakeholder groups. The contributed methods are demonstrated in a real-life example carried out in the municipality of Upplands Väsby, Sweden. We show how a questionnaire can be used to elicit preferences with CAR and how the indices can be used to semantically describe the level of consensus and conflict regarding a certain attribute. As such, we show how the methods can provide decision aid in the clarification of controversies.

scholarly journals Improving Patient Preference Elicitation by Applying Concepts From the Consumer Research Field: Narrative Literature Review

10.2196/13684 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e13684
Author(s):  
Niki Ver Donck ◽  
Geert Vander Stichele ◽  
Isabelle Huys
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Patient Preference ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Preference Elicitation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Life Decision

Background Although preference research finds its origins in consumer research, preference elicitation methods have increasingly attracted attention in different decision-making contexts in health care. Simulating real-life decision making is believed to be important during consumer preference elicitation. Objective The aims of this study were to compare the process of decision making between patients and consumers and to identify methods from the consumer research field that could be applied in patient preference elicitation. Methods A narrative literature review was performed to identify preference elicitation concepts from a consumer context that could offer improvements in health care. Results The process of decision making between patients and consumers was highly comparable. The following five concepts from the consumer research field that could effectively simulate a real-life decision-making process for applications in health care were identified: simulating alternatives, self-reflection, feedback-driven exploration, separated (adaptive) dual response, and arranging profiles in blocks. Conclusions Owing to similarities in the decision-making process, patients could be considered as a subgroup of consumers, suggesting that preference elicitation concepts from the consumer field may be relevant in health care. Five concepts that help to simulate real-life decision making have the potential to improve patient preference elicitation. However, the extent to which real decision-making contexts can be mimicked in health care remains unknown.

scholarly journals Applications of Decision Theory in Real Life and Business Statistics Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Dr.Daruri Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Decision Alternatives ◽  
Tree Approach ◽  
Tree Method

The Success or failure for any individual organization experiences depends to large extent on the ability of making positive and acceptable decisions at right time. To obtain such decision in result oriented approach different components of Decision Theory provides the direction to finalize the correct approach in Tree method. We can easily identify the problem and also the events and courses of action available to the decision maker. Provides the proper Payoff matrix through Decision Theory. We will compute the optimum stock to minimize expected cost using decision theory and tree method. It also provides the Under certainty and decision making under risk factors. Decision making under certainty and decision making under uncertainty will also decided in this study of manuscript. Maximax or Minimin Criterion, Pessimism Criterion as Maximin or Minimax also evaluated through Decision Theory approach. The entire Research Manuscript provides the Significance Decision Theory. We can understand the complete scope of Decision Theory in real life problems, we can understand the marginal analysis can solve the uncertainty problems, It also explains the Decision Tree approach in graphic representation of the decision process indicating decision alternatives.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Leadership Decision-Making in Complex Systems

Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Hallo ◽  
Tiep Nguyen ◽  
Alex Gorod ◽  
Phu Tran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Outcomes Of Leadership

This paper traverses the domains of leadership and decision-making within various types of systems with different levels of complexity. The article presents some background about both leadership and decision-making, and then explores the concept of leadership decision-making and some of the factors involved. The paper then reviews complex systems and provides examples to differentiate complex systems from other systems. Finally, these strands are brought together with a consideration of leadership decision-making in complex systems and presentation of a framework to assist managers faced with decision-making in complexity, based on data collected in a survey. The aim and practical contribution of this paper is to improve the outcomes of leadership decision-making within complex systems, based upon the findings and on a decision aid model derived from them. The paper, therefore, should help people in real life and leaders within organizational settings to improve their decision-making effectiveness within the ever-increasing range of complex situations which are now widely encountered.

scholarly journals Multicriteria Correlation Preference Information (MCCPI)-Based Ordinary Capacity Identification Method

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Zhang Wu ◽  
Yi-Ping Zhou ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Jun-Jie Dong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Preference Information ◽  
Decision Aiding ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Explicit Information ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Decision Alternatives

Multicriteria correlation preference information (MCCPI) refers to a special type of 2-dimensional explicit information: the importance and interaction preferences regarding multiple dependent decision criteria. A few identification models have been established and implemented to transform the MCCPI into the most satisfactory 2-additive capacity. However, as one of the most commonly accepted particular type of capacity, 2-additive capacity only takes into account 2-order interactions and ignores the higher order interactions, which is not always reasonable in a real decision-making environment. In this paper, we generalize those identification models into ordinary capacity cases to freely represent the complicated situations of higher order interactions among multiple decision criteria. Furthermore, a MCCPI-based comprehensive decision aid algorithm is proposed to represent various kinds of dominance relationships of all decision alternatives as well as other useful decision aiding information. An illustrative example is adopted to show the proposed MCCPI-based capacity identification method and decision aid algorithm.

scholarly journals Improving Patient Preference Elicitation by Applying Concepts From the Consumer Research Field: Narrative Literature Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Ver Donck ◽  
Geert Vander Stichele ◽  
Isabelle Huys
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Patient Preference ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Preference Elicitation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Life Decision

BACKGROUND Although preference research finds its origins in consumer research, preference elicitation methods have increasingly attracted attention in different decision-making contexts in health care. Simulating real-life decision making is believed to be important during consumer preference elicitation. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to compare the process of decision making between patients and consumers and to identify methods from the consumer research field that could be applied in patient preference elicitation. METHODS A narrative literature review was performed to identify preference elicitation concepts from a consumer context that could offer improvements in health care. RESULTS The process of decision making between patients and consumers was highly comparable. The following five concepts from the consumer research field that could effectively simulate a real-life decision-making process for applications in health care were identified: simulating alternatives, self-reflection, feedback-driven exploration, separated (adaptive) dual response, and arranging profiles in blocks. CONCLUSIONS Owing to similarities in the decision-making process, patients could be considered as a subgroup of consumers, suggesting that preference elicitation concepts from the consumer field may be relevant in health care. Five concepts that help to simulate real-life decision making have the potential to improve patient preference elicitation. However, the extent to which real decision-making contexts can be mimicked in health care remains unknown.

scholarly journals Development of a Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Lung Cancer: a Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zi Chua ◽  
Bohan Niu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Junhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Core Outcome Set ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
The Core ◽  
Outcome Set

Abstract Background: Lung cancer (LC) is currently the leading cause of cancer death globally. LC accounts for a high mortality and incidence rate of cancer in both men and women. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, though effective for some patients, have strong side effects and most of them only have palliative effect. Though many studies reported the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment on LC, the lack of methodological quality in clinical trials resulted in heterogeneous reporting of outcomes, making it difficult to compare and combine in different trials, limiting the validity of meta-analysis and reducing the value of clinical studies. A core outcome set (COS) could reduce outcome reporting bias and heterogeneity across studies of LC using TCM-related interventions. The aim of this study is to develop a standardized COS for LC in TCM clinical trials (COS-TCM-LC) to improve the methodological quality of TCM clinical studies to serve as a guidance in healthcare decision making for LC.Methods: The study has been developed according to the Core Outcome Set-STAandards for Development standards for the design of a COS study. The study process consisted 4 stages as follows: (1) Identifying a list of potential outcomes through systematic reviews of TCM RCTs and 2 clinical registry databases, qualitative surveys on patients and healthcare professionals to form an outcome pool and finally establishing a preliminary checklist of outcomes. (2) Selection of stakeholder groups. (3) Representatives of stakeholder groups will be invited to participate in a two-round Delphi survey. (4) A face-to-face consensus meeting will be held to determine the final COS-TCM-LC.Discussion: In this study protocol, we have followed the guidelines of COS-STAndardized Protocol (STAP) statement and checked the items in COS-STAndards for Developement (STAD). Developing a COS-TCM-LC will improve the quality of future RCTs on LC with the TCM interventions and promote better evidence-based clinical decision-making.Trial registration: This study is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials database as study 1483 (http://www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/1483).

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